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Li G, Li M, Wang J, Yu Z, Ma H, Li B. The effects of cognitive load and encoding modality on prospective memory. Cogn Process 2022; 23:441-448. [DOI: 10.1007/s10339-022-01085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yu Z, Ma Y, Wang L. Sememe Heredity of Action Semantics: Evidence From the Priming Effect and Prospective Memory. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2057. [PMID: 33101100 PMCID: PMC7546356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sememe heredity of action semantics may be affected by the related association of a verb or noun in an action phrase and the related association between one action phrase and another. The motor encoding theory and the five-component view of the subject-performed task supported by the verb's specificity highly promote the enactment effect. However, the episodic integration theory emphasizes the role of semantic integration between the verb and noun on the enactment effect. In this study, a subject-performed task was combined with a priming paradigm and found that verb-semantic priming quantity was more significant than that of noun-semantic priming quantity under motor encoding in Experiment 1. Besides, it was observed that the verb-semantic association might play a more significant role in the sememe heredity of action semantics. Therefore, in Experiment 2, a subject-performed task was combined with the dual task of prospective memory. Results showed that the accuracy of prospective memory targets related to the learning phrases was significantly higher compared to that of the prospective memory targets unrelated to the learning phrases. Besides, the above difference is more evident verbally compared to motor encoding conditions. Thus, the sememe heredity of action semantics may rely on the related association of action semantic contents rather than on the semantic processing form of external motor encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Yu
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Mental Health Education Center for College Students, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Bozdemir M, Cinan S. Age-Related Differences in Intentional Forgetting of Prospective Memory. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 92:350-363. [PMID: 31986896 DOI: 10.1177/0091415019900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated age-related differences in intentional forgetting (IF) of prospective memory (memory for actions to be performed in the future) in young (19-30 years) and late-midlife adults (LMA; 57-75 years). Prospective memory (PM) performance was examined by using the Virtual Week (VW) Task. An IF procedure was embedded into the VW task and the participants were instructed to forget some of the PM tasks that they were to remember and execute later on a virtual day. The study compared performances of the young and the LMA participants in the context of event- or time-based regular and irregular tasks. The results confirmed previous findings in showing that LMA participants exhibited worse PM than younger participants in lab-based tasks. In addition, although PM and IF performances separately have been shown to be affected by cognitive aging, larger age-related differences were not found in PM performance under IF conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Bozdemir
- 52981 Department of Psychology, Maltepe Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Cinan
- 37516 Department of Psychology, Istanbul Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
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Raskin SA, Williams J, Aiken EM. A review of prospective memory in individuals with acquired brain injury. Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 32:891-921. [PMID: 29609519 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1455898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective memory (PM) deficits have emerged as an important predictor of difficulty in daily life for individuals with acquired brain injury (BI). This review examines the variables that have been found to influence PM performance in this population. In addition, current methods of assessment are reviewed with a focus on clinical measures. Finally, cognitive rehabilitation therapies are reviewed, including compensatory, restorative and metacognitive approaches. METHOD Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were used to identify studies. Studies were added that were identified from the reference lists of these. RESULTS Research has begun to elucidate the contributing variables to PM deficits after BI, such as attention, executive function and retrospective memory components. Imaging studies have identified prefrontal deficits, especially in the region of BA10 as contributing to these deficits. There are now several clinical measures available with good psychometric properties. Rehabilitation techniques have mostly focused on compensatory strategies, but, in addition, some restorative and metacognitive approaches have shown preliminary promise. CONCLUSIONS PM deficits are a common and important deficit after BI. Clinical evaluation is recommended and further understanding of rehabilitation techniques is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Raskin
- a Neuroscience Program , Trinity College , Hartford , CT , USA.,b Department of Psychology , Trinity College , Hartford , CT , USA
| | - Jasmin Williams
- a Neuroscience Program , Trinity College , Hartford , CT , USA
| | - Emily M Aiken
- a Neuroscience Program , Trinity College , Hartford , CT , USA
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Abstract
The intention-superiority effect denotes faster response latencies to stimuli linked with a prospective memory task compared to stimuli linked with no prospective task or with a cancelled task. It is generally assumed that the increased accessibility of intention-related materials contributes to successful execution of prospective memory tasks at an appropriate opportunity. In two experiments we investigated the relationship between the intention-superiority effect and actual prospective memory performance under relatively realistic conditions. We also manipulated enactment versus observation encoding to further investigate the similarity in representations of enacted and to-be-enacted tasks. Additionally, Experiment 1 included a control condition to investigate the development of the intention-superiority effect over time. Participants were asked to perform prospective tasks at the end of the experiment to prepare the room for the next participant. They studied these preparatory tasks at the beginning of the experiment either by enacting them themselves or by observing the experimenter perform them. In Experiment 2, participants in a control condition did not intend to perform prospective tasks. We observed a smaller intention-superiority effect after enactment encoding than after observation encoding, but only if response latencies were assessed immediately before the prospective memory task. In addition, Experiment 2 suggested that the size of the intention-superiority effect is related to successful prospective memory performance, thus providing evidence for a functional relationship between accessibility and memory.
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Sheppard DP, Kretschmer A, Knispel E, Vollert B, Altgassen M. The Role of Extrinsic Rewards and Cue-Intention Association in Prospective Memory in Young Children. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140987. [PMID: 26489046 PMCID: PMC4619271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined, for the first time, the effect of cue-intention association, as well as the effects of promised extrinsic rewards, on prospective memory in young children, aged 5-years-old (n = 39) and 7-years-old (n = 40). Children were asked to name pictures for a toy mole, whilst also having to remember to respond differently to certain target pictures (prospective memory task). The level to which the target picture was associated with the intention was manipulated across two conditions (low- or high-association) for all participants, whilst half of the participants were promised a reward for good prospective memory performance. Results showed a main effect of age, with the 7-year-olds outperforming the 5-year-olds. Furthermore, there was a main effect of reward, with those promised a reward performing better than those who were not. No effect was found for cue-association, with the participants of both age groups performing equally well in both association conditions. No significant interactions were found between any of the variables. The potentially important role of reward in young children's everyday prospective memory tasks, and possible reasons for the lack of a reflexive-associative effect, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Patrick Sheppard
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anett Kretschmer
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisa Knispel
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bianka Vollert
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Pereira A, de Mendonça A, Silva D, Guerreiro M, Freeman J, Ellis J. Enhancing prospective memory in mild cognitive impairment: The role of enactment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2015; 37:863-77. [PMID: 26313515 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1072499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prospective memory (PM) is a fundamental requirement for independent living which might be prematurely compromised in the neurodegenerative process, namely in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a typical prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) phase. Most encoding manipulations that typically enhance learning in healthy adults are of minimal benefit to AD patients. However, there is some indication that these can display a recall advantage when encoding is accompanied by the physical enactment of the material. The aim of this study was to explore the potential benefits of enactment at encoding and cue-action relatedness on memory for intentions in MCI patients and healthy controls using a behavioral PM experimental paradigm. METHOD We report findings examining the influence of enactment at encoding for PM performance in MCI patients and age- and education-matched controls using a laboratory-based PM task with a factorial independent design. RESULTS PM performance was consistently superior when physical enactment was used at encoding and when target-action pairs were strongly associated. Importantly, these beneficial effects were cumulative and observable across both a healthy and a cognitively impaired lifespan as well as evident in the perceived subjective difficulty in performing the task. CONCLUSIONS The identified beneficial effects of enacted encoding and semantic relatedness have unveiled the potential contribution of this encoding technique to optimize attentional demands through an adaptive allocation of strategic resources. We discuss our findings with respect to their potential impact on developing strategies to improve PM in AD sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Pereira
- a Department of Psychology & Counselling , University of Chichester , Chichester , UK
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Li G, Wang L. The effects of encoding modality and object presence on event-based prospective memory in seven- to nine-year-old children. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2015.1030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Debarnot U, Crépon B, Orriols E, Abram M, Charron S, Lion S, Roca P, Oppenheim C, Gueguen B, Ergis AM, Baron JC, Piolino P. Intermittent theta burst stimulation over left BA10 enhances virtual reality-based prospective memory in healthy aged subjects. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2360-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kretschmer A, Altgassen M, Rendell PG, Bölte S. Prospective memory in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: exploring effects of implementation intentions and retrospective memory load. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:3108-18. [PMID: 25151603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined, for the first time, the impact of implementation intentions on prospective memory (PM) performance in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and further explored the role of retrospective memory for PM in ASD. PM was assessed with Virtual Week, a computerized game simulating upcoming everyday-life tasks. Twenty-seven adults with ASD and 27 age- and ability-matched controls were included. Half of the participants were instructed to form implementation intentions (i.e., encoding PM tasks in form of if-then statements), while the rest received simple PM instructions. Results provide first tentative evidence for beneficial effects of implementation intentions and PM tasks with low demands on retrospective memory for adults with ASD's PM. Overall, results point to the importance of planning and retrospective memory for successful prospective remembering in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Kretschmer
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Rendell
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND) at Karolinska Institutet, Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
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