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Yuan J, Chen Y, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z. Attentional Bias in Older Adults with Non-Clinical Depression: An Eye-Tracking Study. Exp Aging Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39003730 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2024.2377430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive models of depression assert that attentional biases play an important role in the maintenance of depression. However, few studies have explored attentional bias in depressed older adults, and no consistent conclusions have been reached. METHODS In the current study, we investigated attentional bias in older adults with non-clinical depression. Older adults aged over 60 with non-clinical depression and without depression were instructed to perform a free viewing task while their eye movements were tracked. RESULTS The results showed that, compared to older adults without depression, non-clinically depressed older adults had longer total fixation durations and a greater number of fixations on sad stimuli. Moreover, non-depressed older adults exhibited a preference for pleasant images, whereas this effect was not observed in older adults with non-clinical depression. CONCLUSION This study suggested that non-clinically depressed older adults have attentional bias, which is manifested as increased attention to sad stimuli and decreased attention to pleasant stimuli.The current study has functional and potential functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- School of Nursing, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yina Chen
- School of Nursing, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- School of Nursing, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Nursing, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zejun Liu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Mather M. The emotion paradox in the aging body and brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1536:13-41. [PMID: 38676452 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
With age, parasympathetic activity decreases, while sympathetic activity increases. Thus, the typical older adult has low heart rate variability (HRV) and high noradrenaline levels. Younger adults with this physiological profile tend to be unhappy and stressed. Yet, with age, emotional experience tends to improve. Why does older adults' emotional well-being not suffer as their HRV decreases? To address this apparent paradox, I present the autonomic compensation model. In this model, failing organs, the initial phases of Alzheimer's pathology, and other age-related diseases trigger noradrenergic hyperactivity. To compensate, older brains increase autonomic regulatory activity in the pregenual prefrontal cortex (PFC). Age-related declines in nerve conduction reduce the ability of the pregenual PFC to reduce hyperactive noradrenergic activity and increase peripheral HRV. But these pregenual PFC autonomic compensation efforts have a significant impact in the brain, where they bias processing in favor of stimuli that tend to increase parasympathetic activity (e.g., stimuli that increase feelings of safety) and against stimuli that tend to increase sympathetic activity (e.g., threatening stimuli). In summary, the autonomic compensation model posits that age-related chronic sympathetic/noradrenergic hyperactivity stimulates regulatory attempts that have the side effect of enhancing emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mather
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Department of Psychology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Stam D, Rosseel S, De Winter FL, Van den Bossche MJA, Vandenbulcke M, Van den Stock J. Facial expression recognition deficits in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analytic investigation of effects of phenotypic variant, task modality, geographical region and symptomatic specificity. J Neurol 2023; 270:5731-5755. [PMID: 37672106 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition may be present in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we conduct a qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis of facial expression recognition studies in which we compare the deficits between both disorders. Furthermore, we investigate the specificity of the deficit regarding phenotypic variant, domain-specificity, emotion category, task modality, and geographical region. The results reveal that both FTD and AD are associated with facial expression recognition deficits, that this deficit is more pronounced in FTD compared to AD and that this applies for the behavioral as well as for language FTD-variants, with no difference between the latter two. In both disorders, overall emotion recognition was most frequently impaired, followed by recognition of anger in FTD and by fear in AD. Verbal categorization was the most frequently used task, although matching or intensity rating tasks may be more specific. Studies from Oceania revealed larger deficits. On the other hand, non-emotional control tasks were more impacted by AD than by FTD. The present findings sharpen the social cognitive phenotype of FTD and AD, and support the use of social cognition assessment in late-life neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Stam
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Neuropsychiatry, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Rosseel
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Neuropsychiatry, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François-Laurent De Winter
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Neuropsychiatry, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten J A Van den Bossche
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Neuropsychiatry, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Neuropsychiatry, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Stock
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Neuropsychiatry, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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De Vita D, Sagliano L, Trojano L. Memory biases in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. A systematic review and metanalysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105277. [PMID: 37286118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that individuals are more likely to remember emotional than neutral information; this phenomenon is known as emotional enhancement of memory (EEM). Adults generally tend to remember negative information more efficiently than neutral or positive items. In contrast, healthy elders seem to show an opposite bias for positive information, but results are inconsistent, also because during aging, elaboration of emotional information could change as a consequence of cognitive impairment. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we conducted literature search of studies investigating emotion memory biases in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) on PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO databases following PRISMA guidelines. The findings showed that emotional memory biases are still present despite the presence of cognitive impairment, both in MCI and at least in early stages of AD. However, the direction of emotion memory biases is not consistent across studies. These results suggest that patients with cognitive impairment might still benefit from EEM and help to define targets of intervention for cognitive rehabilitation in pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila De Vita
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Laura Sagliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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5
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Wen J, Mai X, Li W, Liu X. The Influence of Message Framing on Elderly Tourists' Purchase Intentions of Health Services: A Case Study of Guangxi Bama. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14100. [PMID: 36360978 PMCID: PMC9658176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Traveling has become an increasingly important lifestyle for the elderly to realize active aging. The elderly are more inclined to pay attention to wellbeing-related products whilst on vacations, representing a market opportunity for providers of tourism health services. This study conducted an experiment to explore how message framing affects intentions to purchase health services in elderly tourists over the age of 59 years. A total of 216 elderly tourists from Bama, a famous wellness tourism destination in China, were recruited as participants for a single-factor (message framing: positive versus negative) experiment. Our results indicate the following: (1) message framing has a significant impact on elderly tourists' intentions to purchase health services. Compared with messages that are negatively framed, positive messages are more persuasive. (2) Perceived benefits mediate the above relationship. (3) Perceived susceptibility moderates the impact of message framing around perceived benefits, as well as the indirect effect of perceived benefits on purchase intention. Theoretically, this paper clarifies the mechanism and conditions of message framing in relation to its effects on consumer intentions, enriching knowledge about the intersection between tourism and health consumption. This paper also provides guidance for providers of health tourism who are seeking to capture the market of elderly tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wen
- Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Xiaolin Mai
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, China
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6
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El Haj M, Allain P, Boutoleau Bretonnière C, Chapelet G, Antoine P, Gallouj K. Empathy of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) toward other AD patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:293-301. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638 SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, Angers Cedex 01, France
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Guillaume Chapelet
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 SCALab - Sciences Cognitives Et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
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7
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Reinhardt A, Rossmann C, Engel E. Radio public service announcements to promote vaccinations for older adults: Effects of framing and distraction. Vaccine 2022; 40:4864-4871. [PMID: 35810061 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This article investigates the effects of message framing and distraction on older adults' responses to a radio public service announcement (PSA) to promote influenza and pneumococci vaccinations. In detail, it addresses the message impact on recognition, attitudes toward the ad, and information-seeking intentions. The 2 × 2 online experiment was conducted in August 2019 in Germany. 378 participants aged 60 years and above received a radio PSA with either gain- or loss-framed messages (factor 1). Additionally, half of the participants completed a distraction task while listening (factor 2). Gain frames (η2p =.02) and a non-distracted reception situation (η2p =.04) positively influenced older adults' recognition accuracy. Recognition, in turn, was found to mediate the effect of framing and distraction on the intention to seek further information on the campaign (framing: b = -0.03, distraction: b = 0.05). We conclude that gain-framed radio PSAs are an appropriate tool to raise awareness for a vaccination campaign and its contents, especially when recipients are concentrated while listening to it. We suggest to implement them at the early stages of a health intervention to sensitize people about vaccination, followed by more in-depth information material (e.g., brochures) to create behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Reinhardt
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Constanze Rossmann
- Department of Media and Communication, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elena Engel
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Nordhaeuser Strasse 63, 99089 Erfurt, Germany.
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8
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Setién-Suero E, Murillo-García N, Sevilla-Ramos M, Abreu-Fernández G, Pozueta A, Ayesa-Arriola R. Exploring the Relationship Between Deficits in Social Cognition and Neurodegenerative Dementia: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:778093. [PMID: 35572150 PMCID: PMC9093607 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.778093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeurodegenerative diseases might affect social cognition in various ways depending on their components (theory of mind, emotional processing, attribution bias, and social perception) and the subtype of dementia they cause. This review aims to explore this difference in cognitive function among individuals with different aetiologies of dementia.MethodsThe following databases were explored: MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. We selected studies examining social cognition in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases in which dementia was the primary symptom that was studied. The neurodegenerative diseases included Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The search yielded 2,803 articles.ResultsOne hundred twenty-two articles were included in the present review. The summarised results indicate that people with neurodegenerative diseases indeed have deficits in social cognitive performance. Both in populations with Alzheimer's disease and in populations with frontotemporal dementia, we found that emotional processing was strongly affected. However, although theory of mind impairment could also be observed in the initial stages of frontotemporal dementia, in Alzheimer's disease it was only appreciated when performing highly complex task or in advanced stages of the disease.ConclusionsEach type of dementia has a differential profile of social cognition deterioration. This review could provide a useful reference for clinicians to improve detection and diagnosis, which would undoubtedly guarantee better interventions.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020152562, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020152562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther Setién-Suero ; orcid.org/0000-0002-8027-6546
| | - Nancy Murillo-García
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Georgelina Abreu-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Pozueta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
- Neurology Service and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain
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9
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The age-related positivity effect in cognition: A review of key findings across different cognitive domains. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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da Silva RCR, de Carvalho RLS, Dourado MCN. Deficits in emotion processing in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2021; 15:314-330. [PMID: 34630919 PMCID: PMC8485650 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional processing involves the ability of the individual to infer emotional information. There is no consensus about how Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects emotional processing. Objective: Our aim is to systematically review the impact of AD on emotion processing.
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11
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Gray V, Douglas KM, Porter RJ. Emotion processing in depression and anxiety disorders in older adults: systematic review. BJPsych Open 2020; 7:e7. [PMID: 33267933 PMCID: PMC7791559 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional cognition and effective interpretation of affective information is an important factor in social interactions and everyday functioning, and difficulties in these areas may contribute to aetiology and maintenance of mental health conditions. In younger people with depression and anxiety, research suggests significant alterations in behavioural and brain activation aspects of emotion processing, with a tendency to appraise neutral stimuli as negative and attend preferentially to negative stimuli. However, in ageing, research suggests that emotion processing becomes subject to a 'positivity effect', whereby older people attend more to positive than negative stimuli. AIMS This review examines data from studies of emotion processing in Late-Life Depression and Late-Life Anxiety to attempt to understand the significance of emotion processing variations in these conditions, and their interaction with changes in emotion processing that occur with ageing. METHOD We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles that used an emotion-based processing task, examined older persons with depression or an anxiety disorder and included a healthy control group were included. RESULTS In Late-Life Depression, there is little consistent behavioural evidence of impaired emotion processing, but there is evidence of altered brain circuitry during these processes. In Late-Life Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress disorder, there is evidence of interference with processing of negative or threat-related words. CONCLUSIONS How these findings fit with the positivity bias of ageing is not clear. Future research is required in larger groups, further examining the interaction between illness and age and the significance of age at disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gray
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Katie M Douglas
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago; and Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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12
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Barber SJ, Lopez N, Cadambi K, Alferez S. The limited roles of cognitive capabilities and future time perspective in contributing to positivity effects. Cognition 2020; 200:104267. [PMID: 32229343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
When compared to younger adults, older adults tend to favor positive over negative information in attention and memory. This is known as the positivity effect. Although this is a robust phenomenon, there is still debate about how it relates to individual differences in cognitive capabilities and future time perspective (FTP). To address this, we investigated how measures of fluid cognitive capabilities and FTP related to positivity effects within the domains of episodic memory, visual attention, and autobiographical memory. Cognitive capabilities were assessed using the National Institute of Health Toolbox Cognition battery, and included assessments of executive function, working memory, episodic memory, and processing speed. FTP was assessed via the Carstensen and Lang (1996) scale. Within our final sample (N = 196), we replicated positivity effects in all three task domains, which were all driven by age differences in how people responded to negative (but not positive) information. However, there was limited evidence that the magnitude of these age-related reductions in negativity varied as a function of individual differences in older adults' cognitive capabilities or FTP. Furthermore, when FTP did emerge as a predictor, the pattern was not in line with expectations based upon socioemotional selectivity theory. Thus, the positivity effect may be less reliant on cognitive capabilities and self-reported FTP than is often assumed. Given that there was also very little consistency in the extent to which participants displayed positivity effects across the task domains, these results also raise the possibility that there may be multiple mechanisms underlying positivity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Barber
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, EP 301, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States of America.
| | - Noelle Lopez
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, EP 301, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States of America
| | - Kriti Cadambi
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, EP 301, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States of America
| | - Santos Alferez
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, EP 301, San Francisco, CA 94132, United States of America
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13
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Ratovohery S, Baudouin A, Palisson J, Maillet D, Bailon O, Belin C, Narme P. Music as a mnemonic strategy to mitigate verbal episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease: Does musical valence matter? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2019; 41:1060-1073. [PMID: 31394979 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1650897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Music is increasingly used to improve cognition in clinical settings. However, it remains unclear whether its use as a mnemonic strategy is effective in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aimed at determining whether a musical mnemonic might mitigate patients' learning of new verbal information and at exploring the effect of factors such as retention delay and emotional valence of the musical excerpt used. Method: 13 patients with AD and 26 healthy comparisons (HC) with a low musical expertise were included. They learned texts about everyday life themes that were either set to familiar instrumental music, which was positively- or negatively-valenced, or spoken only. Immediate and delayed recalls (after 10 min and 24 hours) were measured. Results: Main results showed that (i) HC demonstrated better verbal episodic memory performance than participants with AD; (ii) participants with AD encoded texts paired with positively-valenced music better than texts paired with negatively-valenced music; (iii) participants with AD recalled sung texts better than spoken texts (after 10 min and 24 hours), regardless of musical valence while HC displayed better recall for texts paired with positively-valenced music. Conclusions: Musical mnemonics may help people with AD learn verbal information that relates to their daily life, regardless the musical expertise of the patients. This result gives promising clinical insights showing that music processing is robust to brain damage in AD. Possible hypotheses explaining the effectiveness of musical mnemonics in AD regardless the musical valence are discussed (e.g., different processing between musical and spoken conditions; disappearance of the positivity bias and implications with respect to the underlying socio-emotional selectivity theory).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphie Ratovohery
- Equipe Neuropsychologie du Vieillissement (EA 4468), Université de Paris , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
| | | | - Juliette Palisson
- Service de Neurologie, UF Mémoire et maladies neurodégénératives, CHU Avicenne, APHP , Bobigny , France
| | - Didier Maillet
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Université Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | | | - Catherine Belin
- Equipe Neuropsychologie du Vieillissement (EA 4468), Université de Paris , Boulogne-Billancourt , France.,Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Université Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | - Pauline Narme
- MC2Lab, Université de Paris , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
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14
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Abstract
Relative to younger adults, older adults attend to and remember positive information more than negative information. This shift from a negativity bias in younger age to a preference for positive information in later life is termed the 'positivity effect.' Based on nearly two decades of research and recent evidence from neuroscience, we argue that the effect reflects age-related changes in motivation that direct behavior and cognitive processing rather than neural or cognitive decline. Understanding the positivity effect, including conditions that reduce and enhance it, can inform effective public health and educational messages directed at older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Carstensen
- Stanford University, Department of Psychology, 450 Serra Mall, Building 420, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Marguerite DeLiema
- Stanford University, Stanford Center on Longevity, 365 Lasuen, St. Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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15
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Belham FS, Tavares MCH, Satler C, Garcia A, Rodrigues RC, Canabarro SLDS, Tomaz C. Negative Facial Expressions - But Not Visual Scenes - Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older Participants. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:668. [PMID: 29018342 PMCID: PMC5623007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the influence of emotion on memory processes across the human lifespan. Some results have shown older adults (OA) performing better with positive stimuli, some with negative items, whereas some found no impact of emotional valence. Here we tested, in two independent studies, how younger adults (YA) and OA would perform in a visuospatial working memory (VSWM) task with positive, negative, and neutral images. The task consisted of identifying the new location of a stimulus in a crescent set of identical stimuli presented in different locations in a touch-screen monitor. In other words, participants should memorize the locations previously occupied to identify the new location. For each trial, the number of occupied locations increased until 8 or until a mistake was made. In study 1, 56 YA and 38 OA completed the task using images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Results showed that, although YA outperformed OA, no effects of emotion were found. In study 2, 26 YA and 25 OA were tested using facial expressions as stimuli. Data from this study showed that negative faces facilitated performance and this effect did not differ between age groups. No differences were found between men and women. Taken together, our findings suggest that YA and OA’s VSWM can be influenced by the emotional valence of the information, though this effect was present only for facial stimuli. Presumably, this may have happened due to the social and biological importance of such stimuli, which are more effective in transmitting emotions than IAPS images. Critically, our results also indicate that the mixed findings in the literature about the influence of aging on the interactions between memory and emotion may be caused by the use of different stimuli and methods. This possibility should be kept in mind in future studies about memory and emotion across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Schechtman Belham
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Clotilde H Tavares
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Corina Satler
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ana Garcia
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Euro-American University Center (UNIEURO), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rosângela C Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Soraya L de Sá Canabarro
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Neuroscience Research Program, CEUMA University, São Luís, Brazil
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