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El Haj M, Questel F, Moustafa AA. "Do not take that medication": negative prospective memory in Korsakoff's syndrome. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2633-2640. [PMID: 38170342 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While prospective memory (i.e., the ability to execute a future plan) has been extensively researched, little is known about negative prospective memory (i.e., the ability to remember not to execute a future plan) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We thus evaluated both prospective memory and negative prospective memory in KS, as well as the relationship between both types of prospective memory and inhibition. METHODS Patients with KS and control participants were invited to press a button on the keyboard (i.e., prospective memory) or not to press a button when a cue word (e.g., negative prospective memory) was encountered. RESULTS The analysis demonstrated that patients with KS had more prospective memory errors (i.e., forgetting to click the keyboard when the instruction was to do so) than control participants. The analysis also demonstrated that patients with KS had more negative prospective memory errors (i.e., clicking the keyboard when the instruction was not to do so) than control participants. Similar levels of commissions and omissions were observed in patients with KS than in control participants. Interestingly, prospective and negative prospective performances were significantly correlated with performance on an inhibition assessment task. DISCUSSION Our study demonstrates that KS is characterized by not only difficulty in remembering to execute a future intention but also by difficulty in remembering not to execute a future intention. A decline in negative prospective memory in KS can be associated with difficulty in inhibiting no longer appropriate previously learned intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093, Nantes, France.
- Faculté de Psychologie, (LPPL) Laboratoire de Psychologie Des Pays de La Loire, Université de Nantes Campus Tertre, Chemin de La Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, 44312, Cedex 3, Nantes, France.
| | - Frank Questel
- Département de Psychiatrie Et de Médecine Addictologique, Inserm UMR-S 1144, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 200 Rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Corner Kingsway, University Rd, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
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Oudman E, van der Stadt T, Bidesie JR, Wijnia JW, Postma A. Self-Reported Pain and Pain Observations in People with Korsakoff's Syndrome: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4681. [PMID: 37510795 PMCID: PMC10380974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder. The large majority of people with KS experience multiple comorbid health problems, including cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge pain has not been investigated in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported pain as well as pain behavior observations reported by nursing staff. In total, 38 people diagnosed with KS residing in a long-term care facility for KS participated in this research. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC-15), Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS), and the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Dutch Language Version (MPQ-DLV) were used to index self-rated and observational pain in KS. People with KS reported significantly lower pain levels than their healthcare professionals reported for them. The highest pain scores were found on the PAIC-15, specifically on the emotional expression scale. Of importance, the patient pain reports did not correlate with the healthcare pain reports. Moreover, there was a high correlation between neuropsychiatric symptoms and observational pain reports. Specifically, agitation and observational pain reports strongly correlated. In conclusion, people with KS report less pain than their healthcare professionals indicate for them. Moreover, there is a close relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and observation-reported pain in people with KS. Our results suggest that pain is possibly underreported by people with KS and should be taken into consideration in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms of KS as a possible underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Oudman
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Slinge 901, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thom van der Stadt
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Slinge 901, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janice R Bidesie
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Slinge 901, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Wijnia
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Slinge 901, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Slinge 901, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Gerridzen IJ, Doejaaren E, Veenhuizen RB, Hertogh CMPM, Joling KJ. Prevalences and Indications of Psychotropic Drug Prescriptions in Nursing Home Residents with Korsakoff Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093133. [PMID: 37176574 PMCID: PMC10178976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotropic drugs (PD) are often prescribed to nursing home residents with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). It is unknown whether these drugs are prescribed correctly or whether they are prescribed off-label, for example, to treat behavioral symptoms. To get more insight into PD prescriptions, a descriptive study was performed. The type, category and indications of PD prescriptions of 285 participants were analyzed using medication charts and questionnaires. Behavioral symptoms were investigated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. The results showed that atypical antipsychotics (57.1%) were prescribed more frequently than typical antipsychotics (49.3%). Of the antidepressants, selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (63.1%) were most frequently prescribed, followed by tricyclic antidepressants (23.4%). Of the benzodiazepines, anxiolytics (85.7%) were more prescribed than hypnotics (24.5%). Besides psychiatric disorders, PD were also prescribed to treat behavioral symptoms varying from 29.9% (antipsycho-tics) to 26.3% (benzodiazepines) and 9.3% (antidepressants). Furthermore, prescriptions were high if behavioral symptoms were present. To conclude, PD are often prescribed to residents with KS for an unapproved indication, namely behavioral symptoms. Additional research is needed to obtain further insight into the current prescribing culture and the effectiveness of PD. The insights thus obtained may, ultimately, contribute to the appropriate prescription of PD for people with KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke J Gerridzen
- Atlant, Korsakoff Centre of Expertise, Kuiltjesweg 1, 7361 TC Beekbergen, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Doejaaren
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth B Veenhuizen
- Atlant, Korsakoff Centre of Expertise, Kuiltjesweg 1, 7361 TC Beekbergen, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees M P M Hertogh
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn J Joling
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA. "Ten dollars today or 50 dollars after one month?" Temporal discounting in Korsakoff syndrome. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:116-129. [PMID: 36724487 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2173059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little research has investigated decision making in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). Specifically, to our knowledge, there is a lack of research investigating whether patients with KS may tend to prefer immediate over future rewards (i.e., temporal discounting). Further, we investigated the relationship between temporal discounting and inhibition. METHODS We, for the first time, invited patients with KS and control participants to perform a temporal discounting task, in which they answered questions probing preferences between an immediate, but smaller amount of money, and a delayed, but larger amount of money (e.g., "would you prefer 10 dollars today or 50 dollars after one month?"). Furthermore, inhibition was measured using the Stroop Colour Word Test. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated higher temporal discounting in patients with KS than in control participants. Temporal discounting in both populations was significantly correlated with inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Patients with KS may have difficulties to suppress the temptation of smaller, but immediate, rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Robin F. “Remember to take your medication”: Prospective memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:272-280. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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Suchy Y. Introduction to special issue: Contextually valid assessment of executive functions in the era of personalized medicine. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 34:613-618. [PMID: 32295481 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1748827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Suchy
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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