1
|
Yao J, Liu J, He Y, Liu L, Xu Z, Lin X, Liu N, Kai G. Systems pharmacology reveals the mechanism of Astragaloside IV in improving immune activity on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116533. [PMID: 37100262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myelosuppression, also known as bone marrow suppression (BMS), is a pathological phenomenon of the decrease in the production of blood cells and further lead to immune homeostasis disorder. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (AM, checked with The World Flora Online, http://www.worldfloraonline.org, updated on January 30, 2023) is a traditional Chinese medicine with efficacy of tonifying Qi and strengthening body immunity in thousands of years of clinical practice in China. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a major active ingredient of AM, which plays an important role in regulating immune system through different ways. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of AS-IV on macrophages in vitro and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mice in vivo, and to provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of AS-IV in myelosuppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, the core targets and signaling pathways of saponins of AM against myelosuppression were screened. And then, the immunoregulatory effect of AS-IV on RAW264.7 cells was investigated by cellular immune activity and cellular secretion analysis in vitro. In this way, the effects of AS-IV on the main potential targets of HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot methods. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of the effects of AS-IV against CTX-induced mice were conducted on the basis of immune organs indices analysis, histopathological analysis, hematological analysis, natural killer cell activity analysis and spleen lymphocyte transformation activity analysis. In order to further verify the relationship between active ingredients and action targets, drug inhibitor experiments were finally conducted. RESULTS AS-IV, as a potential anti-myelosuppressive compound, was screened by systematic pharmacological methods to act on target genes including HIF1A and RELA together with the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway. Further studies by molecular docking technology showed that AS-IV had good binding activity with HIF1A, RELA, TNF, IL6, IL1B and other core targets. Besides, cellular and animal experiments validation results showed that AS-IV could enhance the migration and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, and protect the immune organs such as spleen and thymus together with bone tissues from damage. By this means, immune cell function including spleen natural killer cell and lymphocyte transformation activity were also enhanced. In addition, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets and bone marrow cells were also significantly improved in the suppressed bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). In kinetic experiments, the secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were increased, and IL-10, TGF-β1 were decreased. The key regulatory proteins such as HIF-1α, NF-κB, PHD3 in HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway were also regulated in the results of upregulated expression of HIF-1α, p-NF-κB p65 and PHD3 at the protein or mRNA level. Finally, the inhibition experiment results suggested that AS-IV could significantly improve protein response in immunity and inflammation such as HIF-1α, NF-κB and PHD3. CONCLUSION AS-IV could significantly relieve CTX-induced immunosuppressive and might improve the immune activity of macrophages by activating HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway, and provide a reliable basis for the clinical application of AS-IV as a potentially valuable regulator of BMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Yao
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yining He
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Zonghui Xu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Xianming Lin
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Cheng M, Wang X, Dong H, Gao J. Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang, a conventional Chinese herb decoction, ameliorates radiation-induced heart disease via Nrf2/HMGB1 pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1086206. [PMID: 36699071 PMCID: PMC9868149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1086206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), characterized by cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis, is one of the most common complications after cardiothoracic radiotherapy. Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (DBT) is a conventional Chinese herb decoction composed of Radix Astragali membranaceus (RAM) and Radix Angelicae sinensis (RAS) at a ratio of 5:1, famous for its "blood-nourishing" effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of DBT on RIHD. Methods: C57BL mice at 8 weeks of age were divided into five groups, namely Control, Radiation, RDBT51 (Radiation with DBT, RAM:RAS = 5:1), RDBT11 (Radiation with DBT, RAM:RAS = 1:1), and RDBT15 (Radiation with DBT, RAM:RAS = 1:5). Results: We mainly found that radiation in the cardiothoracic region led to significant left ventricular systolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrotic lesions and cardiac injury accompanied by abnormally increased myocardial HMGB1 protein levels. Administration of conventional DBT significantly ameliorated left ventricular systolic dysfunction, alleviated myocardial fibrosis, and counteracted cardiac injury, all of which supported the protective effect of DBT on RIHD, involving upregulation of myocardial Nrf2 protein levels and downregulation of HMGB1 protein levels as underlying mechanisms. Conclusions: DBT exerts a significant protective effect on RIHD, and the Nrf2/ HMGB1 pathway probably plays an important role in this protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minghan Cheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hongliang Dong, ; Jian Gao,
| | - Jian Gao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Hongliang Dong, ; Jian Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A calibration method based on model updating strategy for the quantitative model of Radix Astragali extract. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Mao XD, Cao AL, Chu S, Li ZJ, Wang YM, Peng W, Wang L, Wang H. Astragaloside IV prevents endothelial dysfunction by improving oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse aortas. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1197. [PMID: 34584542 PMCID: PMC8422382 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress serves a role in endothelial dysfunction exhibited by patients with diabetes mellitus. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a major active ingredient of Radix Astragali, which is considered to exhibit vasoprotective effects through unknown mechanisms. Thus, the current study was performed to investigate the protective effects of AS-IV in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced endothelial dysfunction and to explore whether antioxidant mechanisms were involved. The protective effects of AS-IV on the endothelium-dependent relaxation and contraction of aortic rings were determined by isometric tension recordings. NADPH subunits and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was identified via western blotting. Superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were assayed using ELISA. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) was detected via dihydroethidium and 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate staining, respectively. The results revealed that STZ-injected mice exhibited increased aortic endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction and decreased vasorelaxation to acetylcholine. However, AS-IV treatment reversed these effects. NG-nitro-L-arginine was subsequently used to completely inhibit impaired relaxation. Accordingly, impaired NO generation was restored following AS-IV treatment by increasing eNOS phosphorylation levels. Furthermore, ROS formation was also depressed following AS-IV treatment compared with that in STZ-injected mice. AS-IV also decreased the expression of various NADPH subunits, including human neutrophil cytochrome b light chain, neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, NADPH oxidase (NOX)2, NOX4 and Rac-1. The results of the current study may provide novel evidence that diabetes-induced vascular injury arises from either the inhibition of eNOS or the activation of NOX-derived ROS generation. In addition, the results warrant further investigation into the application of AS-IV treatment, leading to the improvement of oxidative stress, in patients with diabetes exhibiting endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Mao
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Li Cao
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Chu
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Man Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu H, Gong K, Qin Y, Yuan Z, Xia S, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang P, Li L, Xie M. In silico analysis of the potential mechanism of a preventive Chinese medicine formula on coronavirus disease 2019. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114098. [PMID: 33831468 PMCID: PMC8020622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE With the spread of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19), combination with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used as a prevention and therapy strategy in China. Xin guan No.1 (XG-1) prescription is a preventive formula recommended by the Hunan Provincial Administration of TCM to prevent the pandemic of COVID-19. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the potential preventive mechanisms of XG-1 against COVID-19 in the combination of network pharmacology approach, single-cell RNA expression profiling analysis, molecular docking and retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM) database was used to determine the meridian tropism, active components and target genes of XG-1. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis were conducted by R Cluster Profiler package (3.14.3). Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of human lung (GSE122960) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed by R Seurat package (3.1.2). Cytoscape (3.7.2) was used to construct the interaction network. The main ingredients in XG-1 were identified by HPLC- Q-TOF- MS and used for molecular docking with COVID-19 3CL hydrolytic enzyme and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). A retrospective study of 47 close contact participants from Dongtang Community of Hunan Province was conducted to evaluated the preventive effect of XG-1. RESULTS According to the network pharmacology analysis, XG-1 formula was closely related to lung-, spleen- and stomach-meridians and include a total of 206 active components and 853 target genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that XG-1 mainly regulated cellular amino acid metabolism process and neuroactive ligand-receptors interaction. The scRNA-seq profiling showed that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was principally expressed in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AT2). 153 genes were up-regulated in AT2 cells expressing ACE2 and 12 genes were obtained by intersecting with XG-1 target genes, of which 3 were related to immunity. Five main chemical ingredients were detected in XG-1 sample by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The molecular docking showed that Rutin, Liquiritin and Astragaloside Ⅳ had a good affinity with COVID-19 3CL hydrolytic enzyme and ACE2. Compared with participants who didn't take XG-1, preventive treatment with XG-1gradules resulted in a significant lower rate of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The present study showed that XG-1 exerts a preventive effect in close contacts against COVID-19. The underlying mechanism may be related to modulate immunity response through multiple components, pathways, and several target genes co-expressed with ACE2. These findings provide preliminary evidences and methodological reference for the potential preventive mechanism of XG-1 against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation, Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Dongtang Community Health Service Center of Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - You Qin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiying Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xia
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation, Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Luohu District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Dongtang Community Health Service Center of Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation, Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Mengzhou Xie
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation, Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Silva AM, Souto SB, Guerra F, Severino P, Zaccardelli M, Souto EB, Santini A. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-01003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphic abstract
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu J, Nile SH, Xu G, Wang Y, Kai G. Systematic exploration of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax ginseng as immune regulators: Insights from the comparative biological and computational analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153077. [PMID: 31477352 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune system plays a decisive role for defending various pathogenic microorganisms. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Panax ginseng (PG) are two tonic herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as immune booster and help to control diseases with their healthy synergistic effect on immune system. PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the promote effect and molecular mechanisms of AM and PG on immune system as booster and to control the target diseases using animal and computational systematic study. METHODS Computational models including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) with weighted ensemble similarity (WES) algorithm-based models and ClueGo network analysis were used to find the potential bioactive compounds targets and pathways, which were responsible for immune regulation. Viscera index analysis, proliferation activity of splenic lymphocytes and cytotoxic activity of NK cells assays were performed to validate the effect of AM and PG on immune system of long-term administrated mice. Metabonomic study of mice plasma was conducted to investigate effect of AM and PG on the endogenous metabolic perturbations, together with correlation analysis. RESULTS AM and PG simultaneously showed the ability to strengthen the immune system function including enhancement of spleen and thymus index, proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and cytotoxic activity of NK cells. Besides, the different molecular mechanisms of AM and PG on immune regulation were also investigated by analyzing the potential bioactive compounds, enzymes actions and pathways. Quercetin, formononetin and kaempferol were the main immune-related compounds in AM, while ginsenoside Ra1, ginsenoside Rh1 and kaempferol in PG. About 10 target proteins were found close to immune regulation, including acetylcholinesterase (ACHE, common target in AM and PG), sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1), cytidine deaminase (CDA), and Choline O-acetyltransferase (CHAT). Glycerophospholipid metabolism was regulated in both AM and PG groups. Pyrimidine metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism were considered as the special pathway in AM groups. Energy metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism were the special pathways in PG groups. CONCLUSION A novel comprehensive molecular mechanism analysis method was established and applied to clarify the scientific connotation of AM and PG as immune regulation, with similar herbal tonic effect provided in clinical practice of TCM, which can provide a new line of research for drug development (immune booster) using AM and PG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mihaylova R, Shkondrov A, Aluani D, Ionkova I, Tzankova V, Krasteva I. In vitro antitumour and immunomodulating activity of saponins from Astragalus glycyphyllos. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2041485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rositsa Mihaylova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Shkondrov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Aluani
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana Ionkova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilina Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao J, Zeng X, Zhao W, Chen D, Liu J, Zhang N, Duan X. Influence of astragaloside IV on pharmacokinetics of triptolide in rats and its potential mechanism. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:253-256. [PMID: 32233814 PMCID: PMC7170367 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1702705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Context: It is common to combine two or more drugs in clinics in China. Triptolide (TP) has been used primarily for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been applied with many other drugs, due to its various pharmacological effects. AS-IV and TP can be used together for the treatment of diseases in clinics in China.Objective: This study investigates the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on the pharmacokinetics of TP in rats and its potential mechanism.Materials and methods: The pharmacokinetics of orally administered triptolide (2 mg/kg) with or without AS-IV pre-treatment (100 mg/kg/day for 7 d) were investigated. Additionally, the effects of AS-IV on the transport of triptolide were investigated using the Caco-2 cell transwell model.Results: The results indicated that when the rats were pre-treated with AS-IV, the Cmax of triptolide decreased from 418.78 ± 29.36 to 351.31 ± 38.88 ng/mL, and the AUC0-t decreased from 358.83 ± 19.56 to 252.23 ± 15.75 μg/h/L. The Caco-2 cell transwell experiments indicated that AS-IV could increase the efflux ratio of TP from 2.37 to 2.91 through inducing the activity of P-gp.Discussion and conclusions: In conclusion, AS-IV could decrease the system exposure of triptolide when they are co-administered, and it might work through decreasing the absorption of triptolide by inducing the activity of P-gp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Image, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangmin Zeng
- Department of Image, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Desheng Chen
- Department of Image, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xingliang Duan
- Department of Emergency, Weifang People’s Hospital, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang L, Xu Z, Ling D, Li J, Wang Y, Shan T. The regulatory role of dietary factors in skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:764-782. [PMID: 33021403 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in motor function, respiration, and whole-body energy homeostasis. How to regulate the development and function of skeletal muscle has become a hot research topic for improving lifestyle and extending life span. Numerous transcription factors and nutritional factors have been clarified are closely associated with the regulation of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. In this article, the roles of different dietary factors including green tea, quercetin, curcumin (CUR), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RES) in regulating skeletal muscle development, muscle mass, muscle function, and muscle recovery have been summarized and discussed. We also reviewed the potential regulatory molecular mechanism of these factors. Based on the current findings, dietary factors may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction as well as its related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Z, Liu L, Gao C, Chen W, Vong CT, Yao P, Yang Y, Li X, Tang X, Wang S, Wang Y. Astragali Radix (Huangqi): A promising edible immunomodulatory herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112895. [PMID: 32330511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR, Huangqi in Chinese), the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., possesses diverse therapeutic effects against fatigue, dyspepsia, diarrhea, heart diseases, hepatitis, and anemia. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated the multiple immunomodulatory activities of AR in preclinical and clinical studies. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review attempts to elaborate the immunomodulatory effects of AR and its potential application in the treatment of immune related diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search AR was carried out using multiple internationally recognized databases (including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and CNKI). RESULTS The immunomodulatory effects of AR are closely attributed to its active constituents such as polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids. We also demonstrate that AR can be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for immune related diseases through regulating immune organs, mucosal immune, and immune system (innate immunity and acquired immunity). CONCLUSION AR promotes the development of immune organs, enhances mucosal immune function, increases the quantity and phagocytic capacity of innate immunity, promotes the maturation and differentiation of acquired immunity cells, and improves the expression of antibodies in acquired immunity. We believe that AR has a broad research space in the adjuvant treatment of immune related diseases, which could be a breakthrough point to improve the application value of AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; PU-UM Innovative Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd, Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lai ST, Wang Y, Peng F. Astragaloside IV sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to cisplatin by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:3715-3724. [PMID: 32802451 PMCID: PMC7399439 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for treating various cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but resistance to cisplatin remains the main limitation to its use in clinic. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), which is derived from Astragalus membranaceus, has been proven to participate in various anti-cancer activities including anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory functions. Method In this study, we explored the role of AS-IV in cisplatin chemoresistance to NSCLC cells by establishing cisplatin-resistant the NSCLC cell lines, A549Cis and H1299Cis. Results Cisplatin inhibited viability and promoted apoptosis of A549Cis and H1299Cis cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, cisplatin upregulated the levels of autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, LC3 II/I) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins (glucose regulated protein 78: GRP78, protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase: PERK), indicating that cisplatin caused autophagy and ER stress in NSCLC cells. However, treatment combined with AS-IV dose-dependently suppressed cell viability and increased the cell apoptosis rate in A549Cis and H1299Cis cells, suggesting that AS-IV elevated the anti-tumor role of cisplatin in NSCLC cells. AS-IV treatment suppressed the expression of GRP78 and Beclin1. Inhibition of ER stress or autophagy both counteracted the inhibitory effect of AS-IV on chemoresistance to cisplatin in NSCLC cells. Conclusions AS-IV sensitized NSCLC cells to cisplatin through suppressing ER stress and autophagy. This study provides a novel strategy of cisplatin combined with AS-IV for the treatment of cisplatin-resistant NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Nursing, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu W, Liu G, Liu J. Effects of astragaloside IV on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:449-452. [PMID: 31290355 PMCID: PMC6691885 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1636828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Context: Omeprazole and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) are widely used for the treatment of gastric ulcers in China clinics. Objective: This study investigates the effects of AS-IV on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in rats. Materials and methods: The pharmacokinetics of orally administered omeprazole (2 mg/kg), with or without AS-IV (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days) pretreatment, were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats (two groups of six animals each) using LC-MS/MS. A Caco-2 cell transwell model and rat liver microsome incubation systems were also used to support the in vivo pharmacokinetic data and investigate its potential mechanism. Results: The results indicated that co-administration of AS-IV could decrease the systemic exposure of omeprazole significantly (p < 0.05), including AUC0-t (717.20 ± 177.63 vs. 1166.25 ± 186.65 ng h/mL) and Cmax (272.35 ± 25.81 vs. 366.34 ± 32.57 ng/mL). The t1/2 of omeprazole also decreased significantly (1.78 ± 0.15 vs. 2.23 ± 0.27 h, p < 0.05). The efflux ratio of omeprazole across the Caco-2 cell transwell model increased significantly from 1.73 to 2.67 (p < 0.05), and the metabolic stability of omeprazole was decreased from 42.6 ± 7.8 to 26.2 ± 5.1 min with the pretreatment of AS-IV (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusions: AS-IV could decrease the systemic exposure of omeprazole in rats when AS-IV and omeprazole were co-administered, and it might exert these effects through decreasing the absorption of omeprazole by inducing P-gp, or through accelerating the metabolism of omeprazole in rat liver by inducing the activity of CYP3A4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
- CONTACT Wei Liu Department of Pediatric Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Shandong 262500, China
| | - Guozhi Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu YT, Lv WL. Research Progress in Astragalus Membranaceus and Its Active Components on Immune Responses in Liver Fibrosis. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:794-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
15
|
Liu L, Li P, Qiao L, Li X. Effects of astragaloside IV on the pharmacokinetics of puerarin in rats. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1173-1177. [PMID: 29790819 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1480819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Pihong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lujun Qiao
- Department of ICU, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sheng J, Zou X, Cheng Z, Xiang Y, Yang W, Lin Y, Cui R. Recent Advances in Herbal Medicines for Digestive System Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 30524272 PMCID: PMC6256117 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines, as an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), have been used to treat digestive system malignancies (DSM) for many years, and have gradually gained recognition worldwide. The role of herbal medicines in the comprehensive treatment of DSM is being improved from adjuvant treatment of the autologous immune function in cancer patients, to the treatment of both the symptoms and disease, direct inhibition of tumor cell growth and proliferation, and induction of tumor cell autophagy and apoptosis. Their specific mechanisms in these treatments are also being explored. The paper reviews the current anti-tumor mechanisms of TCM, including single herbal medicines, Chinese herbal formulations, Chinese medicine preparations and TCM extract, and their application in the comprehensive treatment of digestive system tumors, providing a reference for clinical application of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Sheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziqian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yien Xiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alduais S, Alduais Y, Wu X, Li H, Mao J. HMGB1 knock-down promoting tumor cells viability and arrest pro-apoptotic proteins via Stat3/NFκB in HepG2 cells. Biofactors 2018; 44:570-576. [PMID: 30375073 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is functionally dynamic and pleiotropic molecule, it has the potential to promote both cell survival and death by regulating multiple signaling pathways, including inflammation and apoptosis. This study aimed at investigating the role of silencing HMGB1 on tumor cells apoptosis and pro-inflammatory proteins expression in hepatocellular HepG2 cancer cells. METHODS HepG2 cells was transfected with si-RNA HMGB1, and the effect on pro-apoptotic proteins expressions like Bax, Bcl2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines like, p65-NFκB, and Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) was assessed using western blot, and also cells apoptosis and proliferation was assessed using annexin V FITC and Calcien AM expression in flow cytometry and fluorescence. RESULTS HMGB1 silencing was found significantly increase tumor cells viability with significant decrease of pro-apoptotic proteins, also antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 was significantly up-regulated, which suggests a possible role in restricting apoptosis. Furthermore, HMGB1 knocked down found to inhibit Stat3 phosphorylation and significantly affect NFkB p65/Cox2 expression which suggests a link between HMGB1 and Stat3 activation. Our results revealed that HMGB1 knocked down may suppress cells apoptosis and enhance HepG2 cells viability via NFkB/Cox2 and Stat3. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):570-576, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salah Alduais
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaser Alduais
- Gastroenterology Department, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haosen Li
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gong AGW, Duan R, Wang HY, Kong XP, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK, Chan K. Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Properties and Value of Astragali Radix. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E46. [PMID: 29883402 PMCID: PMC6023478 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR), a Chinese materia medica (CMM) known as Huangqi, is an important medicine prescribed in herbal composite formulae (Fufang) by Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners for thousands of years. According to the literature, AR is suggested for patients suffering from “Qi”- and “Blood”-deficiencies, and its clinical effects are reported to be related to anti-cancer cell proliferation, anti-oxidation, relief of complications in cardiovascular diseases, etc. The underlying cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of these various diseases are presented here to support the mechanisms of action of AR. There are two botanical sources recorded in China Pharmacopoeia (CP, 2015): Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. Var. mongohlicus, (Bge.) Hsiao, and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (Fam. Leguminosae), whose extracts of dried roots are processed via homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction. Geographic factors and extraction methods have impacts on the pharmaceutical and chemical profiles of AR. Therefore, the levels of the major bioactive constituents of AR, including polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids, may not be consistent in different batches of extract, and the pharmaceutical efficacy of these bioactive ingredients may vary depending on the source. Therefore, the present review mainly focuses on the consistency of the available sources of AR and extracts and on the investigation of the biological functions and mechanisms of action of AR and of its major bioactive constituents. Furthermore, it will also include a discussion of the most popular AR composite formulae to further elucidate their chemical and biological profiles and understand the pharmaceutical value of AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy G W Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Huai Y Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Xiang P Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3 AF, UK.
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li R, Wang J, Zhu F, Li R, Liu B, Xu W, He G, Cao H, Wang Y, Yang J. HMGB1 regulates T helper 2 and T helper17 cell differentiation both directly and indirectly in asthmatic mice. Mol Immunol 2018; 97:45-55. [PMID: 29567318 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Th (T helper) 2 response is characteristic of allergic asthma, and Th17 cells are involved in more severe asthma. Recent studies demonstrated that HMGB1 (High mobility group box 1 protein) regulates airway inflammation and the Th2, Th17 inflammatory response in asthma. HMGB1 can interact with Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), activating the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway and inducing the release of downstream inflammatory mediators. Both Th cells and dendritic cells express TLR2, TLR4, and RAGE receptors. Therefore, we speculate that HMGB1 could regulate the differentiation of Th2, Th17 cells in asthma through direct and indirect mechanisms. An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse asthmatic model was established. Anti-HMGB1 antibody or rHMGB1 was administered to OVA-sensitized mice 30 min prior to each challenge. For in vitro studies, magnetically separated CD4+ naive T cells were stimulated with or without rHMGB1 and/or anti-HMGB1 antibody. BMDCs (bone marrow-derived dendritic cells)-stimulated with or without rHMGB1 and/or anti-HMGB1 antibody were cocultured with CD4+ naive T cells. Our study showed that administration of rHMGB1 aggravated airway inflammation and mucus production, and induced Th2, Th17 polarization in asthmatic mice, and that anti-HMGB1 antibody weakened characteristic features of asthma and blocked the Th2, Th17 inflammatory responses. HMGB1 could directly act on naive T cells to induce differentiation of Th2, Th17 cells in vitro through activating the TLR2, TLR4, RAGE-NF-κB signal pathway in CD4+ naive T cells. HMGB1 could also indirectly promote Th2, Th17 differentiation via activating the TLR2, TLR4, RAGE-NF-κB signal pathway in DCs to mediate their maturation and antigen-presenting ability in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Ruifang Li
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Third People's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Guangzhen He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, PR China
| | - Huan Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. Anti-Aging Implications of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi): A Well-Known Chinese Tonic. Aging Dis 2017; 8:868-886. [PMID: 29344421 PMCID: PMC5758356 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy and the Family Planning program of the 1970s - 1990s, China is rapidly becoming an aging society. Therefore, the investigation of healthspan-extending drugs becomes more urgent. Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) is a major medicinal herb that has been commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders, or marketed as life-prolonging extracts for human use in China, for more than 2000 years. The major components of Astragalus membranaceus are polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Pharmacological research indicates that the extract component of Astragalus membranaceus can increase telomerase activity, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, expectorant, and diuretic effects. A proprietary extract of the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus, called TA-65, was associated with a significant age-reversal effect in the immune system. Our review focuses on the function and the underlying mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus in lifespan extension, anti-vascular aging, anti-brain aging, and anti-cancer effects, based on experimental and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Peng L, Lv CS, Zhao Y, Chen SD, Huang Y, Lu DW, Huang SQ, Yang ZB, Qian LC, Wen L. QiShenYiQi pill attenuates atherosclerosis by promoting regulatory T cells, inhibiting T helper 17 cells and accelerating cholesterol excretion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82196-82206. [PMID: 29137256 PMCID: PMC5669882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore potential immunoregulatory mechanisms underlying the suppressive effect on atherosclerosis of QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ). METHODS AND RESULTS Male ApoE-/- mice were maintained on a Western-type diet and QSYQ treatment for eight weeks. Determination of atherosclerosis demonstrated that QSYQ attenuated plaque formation and decreased the level of blood low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol. QSYQ treatment did not affect body weight but reduced the ratio of liver weight and body weight. Western blots of liver showed that QSYQ increased the expression of liver X receptor alpha and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5. Western blots of atherosclerotic aorta revealed that QSYQ inhibited the expression of cluster of differentiation 36, promoted the expression of forkhead box P3 and decreased interleukin-17A expression. Western blots of spleen showed that QSYQ decreased the expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 and forkhead box P3, as well as attenuated the expression of spleen interleukin-6, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma and interleukin-17A. CONCLUSIONS QSYQ exerted an anti-atherosclerosis effect by promoting regulatory T cells in atherosclerotic lesion, inhibiting T helper 17 cells in plaque and spleen and accelerating liver cholesterol excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chong-Shan Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shao-Dong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Da-Wei Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shu-Qiong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zong-Bao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lin-Chao Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang D, Liu Y, Zhong G, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhao Z, Yan X, Liu Q. Compatibility of Tanshinone IIA and Astragaloside IV in attenuating hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 204:67-76. [PMID: 28389356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal medicines including Tanshinone IIA (TanIIA) and Astragaloside IV (AsIV) are widely used in Asia as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases, due to their complementary roles and shared properties based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacological researches. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms for their efficacy are still unclear. In addition, the compatibility or incompatibility of the herbal medicines when administered with other herbal remedies or with prescription drugs is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the compatibility of TanIIA and AsIV in protecting cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured cardiomyocytes were stimulated in hypoxia condition, in the absence or presence of the two herbal compounds, TanIIA and AsIV. Indicators were determined by cytotoxicity assay, quantitative PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry assay, immunofluorescence staining and western blot. RESULTS Either TanIIA alone or the combined herbal compounds inhibited hypoxia-triggered chemokines production including CCL2/5/19, CXCL2 and Transwell assay-indicated monocyte/macrophage recruitment, cytokines production including TNF-α and IL-6. While AsIV alone or the combined herbal compounds attenuated hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis indicated by decreased Annexin V+ cells and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, but no significant effect of the herbal compounds was observed in modulating cell apoptosis following both hypoxia and TNF-α stimulation. As an anti-apoptotic factor, stress granule formation was further enhanced by AsIV alone or the combined herbal compounds in hypoxia or heat shock stress. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis indicated that stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways including the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK were inhibited while the phosphorylation of Akt in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) -Akt pathway for cell survival was restored by the herbal compounds. Among these results, the combination of TanIIA and AsIV comprised most of the beneficial properties tested, although their combination did not improve the maximal effects achieved by any of the compounds alone. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest a compatibility of TanIIA and AsIV in protecting cardiomyocyte against hypoxia-induced injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Emergency Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Emergency Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xia Yan
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| |
Collapse
|