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Louçano B, Maletti S, Timóteo H, Figueiredo JP, Osório N, Barroca MJ, da Silva AM, Pereira T, Caseiro A. Assessing Sarcocornia as a Salt Substitute: Effects on Lipid Profile and Gelatinase Activity. Nutrients 2024; 16:929. [PMID: 38612961 PMCID: PMC11013238 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium, although essential for life, is a key factor in changes in vascular function and cardiovascular disease when consumed in excess. Sarcocornia spp., a halophyte plant with many nutritional benefits, presents itself as a promising substitute for the consumption of purified salt. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 are widely studied due to their action in physiological processes and as biomarkers at the diagnostic level due to their increased expression in inflammatory processes. This study aimed to evaluate whether replacing salt with Sarcocornia perennis (S. perennis) powder in healthy young people leads to an improvement in biochemical profiles and the attenuation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. In the present study, 30 participants were randomized into a control group that consumed salt and an intervention group that replaced salt with powdered S. perennis. The evaluation of the biochemical parameters was carried out by the spectrophotometry method, and the evaluation of MMP activity was carried out by zymography. A significant decrease was observed in the intervention group in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and creatinine (p-value ≤ 0.05), along with lower but not significantly different mean values of triglycerides. Regarding MMP activity after the intervention, a lower mean value was observed for MMP-9 activity, with there being higher mean values for MMP-2 activity, both with p-values ≥ 0.05. The results confirmed that the consumption of S. perennis is a beneficial choice for health regarding the lipid profile. The evaluation of MMP activity indicated the potential of S. perennis in the regulation of MMP-9 activity in healthy individuals, along with the need for the further study of these proteases in individuals with pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Louçano
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.L.); (H.T.); (N.O.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Maletti
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico, via del Pozzo, 7141124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Helena Timóteo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.L.); (H.T.); (N.O.); (A.C.)
| | - João Paulo Figueiredo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Medical Sciences, Socials and Humans, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Nádia Osório
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.L.); (H.T.); (N.O.); (A.C.)
- LABINSAÚDE-Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Barroca
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Agriculture School of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3040-360 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aida Moreira da Silva
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Agriculture School of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3040-360 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Telmo Pereira
- LABINSAÚDE-Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Clinical Physiology, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF—Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armando Caseiro
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.L.); (H.T.); (N.O.); (A.C.)
- LABINSAÚDE-Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF—Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Martín-Riobóo E, Turégano-Yedro M, Banegas JR. Evidence on the use of alternative substances and therapies in hypertension. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2024; 41:40-57. [PMID: 38123388 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Review of some of the best-known biological and non-biological complementary/alternative therapies/medicines (CAM) and their relationship with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension (HT). SEARCH STRATEGY Narrative review assessing a recent series of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials published in recent years, focusing on the effects of CAM on BP and HT. SELECTION OF STUDIES We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, obtaining a total of 4336 articles, finally limiting the search to 181 after applying filters. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS Some studies on biological therapies show some usefulness in BP reduction with an adequate benefit-risk balance, although there is a scarcity of high-quality trials that support these results. Some mind-body therapies have shown hypothetical benefit; in contrast, others lack robust evidence. CONCLUSIONS Although some therapies present a reasonable risk-benefit ratio, they should in no case replace pharmacological treatment when indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martín-Riobóo
- Especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, UGC Poniente, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir, Córdoba, IMIBIC, Hospital Reina Sofía Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M Turégano-Yedro
- Especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Casar de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J R Banegas
- Especialista en Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz y CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
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Lee JI, Oh JH, Karadeniz F, Kong CS, Seo Y. Inhibitory Effects of Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from Artemisia scoparia on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:200. [PMID: 38203371 PMCID: PMC10779302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related complications are significant health issues in modern society, largely attributed to a sedentary lifestyle and a carbohydrate-rich diet. Since anti-obesity drugs often come with severe side effects, preventative measures are being sought globally, including dietary changes and functional foods that can counteract weight gain. In this context, plant-based metabolites are extensively studied for their advantageous biological effects against obesity. Several plants within the Artemisia genus have been reported to possess anti-adipogenic properties, preventing adipocytes from maturing and accumulating lipids. The present study investigated the anti-adipogenic potential of two sesquiterpenoids, reynosin and santamarine, isolated from A. scoparia in adipose-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with these isolated compounds displayed fewer adipogenic characteristics compared to untreated mature adipocytes. The results indicated that cells treated with reynosin and santamarine accumulated 55.0% and 52.5% fewer intracellular lipids compared to untreated control adipocytes, respectively. Additionally, the mRNA expression of the key adipogenic marker, transcription factor PPARγ, was suppressed by 87.2% and 91.7% following 60 μM reynosin and santamarine treatment, respectively, in differentiated adipocytes. Protein expression was also suppressed in a similar manner, at 92.7% and 82.5% by 60 μM reynosin and santamarine treatment, respectively. Likewise, SERBP1c and C/EBPα were also downregulated at both gene and protein levels in adipocytes treated with samples during differentiation. Further analysis suggested that the anti-adipogenic effect of the compounds might be a result of AMPK activation and the subsequent suppression of MAPK phosphorylation. Overall, the present study suggested that sesquiterpenoids, reynosin, and santamarine were two potential bioactive compounds with anti-adipogenic properties. Further research is needed to explore other bioactive agents within A. scoparia and elucidate the in vivo action mechanisms of reynosin and santamarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Lee
- Incheon Regional Office, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service Incheon, Incheon 22346, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea;
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
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On JY, Kim SH, Kim JM, Park S, Kim KH, Lee CH, Kim SK. Effects of Fermented Artemisia annua L. and Salicornia herbacea L. on Inhibition of Obesity In Vitro and In Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2022. [PMID: 37432154 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of fermented Artemisia annua (AW) and Salicornia herbacea (GW) in vitro and in mice. The metabolite profiling of AW and GW extracts was performed using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS, and gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR for adipocyte difference factors. The anti-obesity effects in mice were measured using serum AST, ALT, glucose, TG, and cholesterol levels. Metabolites of the plant extracts after fermentation showed distinct differences with increasing anti-obesity active substances. The efficacy of inhibitory differentiation adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was better for GW than AW in a concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR showed that the GW extract significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Fas). In C57BL/6 mice fed the HFD, the group supplemented with AW and GW showed reduced liver weight, NAS value, and fatty liver by suppressing liver fat accumulation. The GW group significantly reduced ALT, blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. This study displayed significant metabolite changes through biotransformation in vitro and the increasing anti-obesity effects of GW and AW in mice. GW may be applicable as functional additives for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeon On
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mee Kim
- Institute of Animal Resource Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Resource Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Anti-Obesity and Anti-Dyslipidemic Effects of Salicornia arabica Decocted Extract in Tunisian Psammomys obesus Fed a High-Calorie Diet. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061185. [PMID: 36981112 PMCID: PMC10048570 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicornia is a halophyte plant that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of scurvy, goiter, and hypertension. It is commercialized in Europe and Asia as fresh salads, pickled vegetables, green salt, or tea powder. This work is the first to assess the potential anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects of Salicornia arabica decocted extract (SADE). SADE was characterized by its significant in vitro radical scavenging activity (using DPPH and ABTS assays). The effect of SADE on food intake, weight loss, serum biochemical parameters, liver and kidney weights, adiposity index and on liver histology was investigated in the Tunisian gerbil Psammomys obesus (P. obesus), which is recognized as a relevant animal model of human obesity and diabetes. P. obesus animals were firstly randomly divided into two groups: the first received a natural low-calorie chow diet (LCD), and the second group received a high-calorie diet (HCD) over 12 weeks. On day 90, animals were divided into four groups receiving or not receiving SADE (LCD, LCD + SADE, HCD, and HCD + SADE). If compared to the HCD group, SADE oral administration (300 mg/kg per day during 4 weeks) in HCD + SADE group showed on day 120 a significant decrease in body weight (−34%), blood glucose (−47.85%), serum levels of total cholesterol (−54.92%), LDL cholesterol (−60%), triglycerides (−48.03%), and of the levels of hepatic enzymes: ASAT (−66.28%) and ALAT (−31.87%). Oral administration of SADE restored the relative liver weight and adiposity index and significantly limited HCD-induced hepatic injury in P. obesus. SADE seems to have promising in vivo anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects.
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Hulkko LSS, Rocha RM, Trentin R, Fredsgaard M, Chaturvedi T, Custódio L, Thomsen MH. Bioactive Extracts from Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods Biorefinery as a Source of Ingredients for High-Value Industries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1251. [PMID: 36986939 PMCID: PMC10056203 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt-tolerant plants, also known as halophytes, could provide a novel source of feedstock for biorefineries. After harvesting fresh shoots for food, the lignified fraction of Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods could be used to produce bioactive botanical extracts for high-value industries such as nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and biopharmaceuticals. The residual fraction after extraction can be further used for bioenergy or lignocellulose-derived platform chemicals. This work analysed S. ramosissima from different sources and growth stages. After pre-processing and extractions, the obtained fractions were analysed for their contents of fatty acids, pigments, and total phenolics. Extracts were also evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibitory effect towards enzymes related to diabetes, hyperpigmentation, obesity, and neurogenerative diseases. The ethanol extract from the fibre residue and the water extract from completely lignified plants showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds along with the highest antioxidant potential and enzyme-inhibitory properties. Hence, they should be further explored in the context of biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Miranda Rocha
- RIASEARCH, Lda., Cais da Ribeira de Pardelhas 21, 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Trentin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Malthe Fredsgaard
- AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Tanmay Chaturvedi
- AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Bioactive Compounds in Plasma as a Function of Sex and Sweetener Resulting from a Maqui-Lemon Beverage Consumption Using Statistical and Machine Learning Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032140. [PMID: 36768467 PMCID: PMC9917032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study analyses the effect of a beverage composed of citrus and maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) with different sweeteners on male and female consumers. Beverages were designed and tested (140 volunteers) as a source of polyphenols, in a previous work. Plasma samples were taken before and after two months of daily intake. Samples were measured for bioactive-compound levels with metabolomics techniques, and the resulting data were analysed with advanced versions of ANOVA and clustering analysis, to describe the effects of sex and sweetener factors on bioactive compounds. To improve the results, machine learning techniques were applied to perform feature selection and data imputation. The results reflect a series of compounds which are more regulated for men, such as caffeic acid or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and for women, trans ferulic acid (TFA) or naringenin glucuronide. Regulations are also observed with sweeteners, such as TFA with stevia in women, or vanillic acid with sucrose in men. These results show that there is a differential regulation of these two families of polyphenols by sex, and that this is influenced by sweeteners.
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Limongelli F, Crupi P, Clodoveo ML, Corbo F, Muraglia M. Overview of the Polyphenols in Salicornia: From Recovery to Health-Promoting Effect. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227954. [PMID: 36432054 PMCID: PMC9696959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there has been considerable attention paid toward the recovery of waste plant matrices as possible sources of functional compounds with healthy properties. In this regard, we focus our attention on Salicornia, a halophyte plant that grows abundantly on the coasts of the Mediterranean area. Salicornia is used not only as a seasoned vegetable but also in traditional medicine for its beneficial effects in protecting against diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In numerous research studies, Salicornia consumption has been highly suggested due to its high level of bioactive molecules, among which, polyphenols are prevalent. The antioxidant and antiradical activity of polyphenols makes Salicornia a functional food candidate with potential beneficial activities for human health. Therefore, this review provides specific and compiled information for optimizing and developing new extraction processes for the recovery of bioactive compounds from Salicornia; focusing particular attention on polyphenols and their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Limongelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo e Degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari, Campus Universitario E. Quagliarello Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Università degli Studi Aldo Moro Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Università degli Studi Aldo Moro Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Campus Universitario E. Quagliarello Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Campus Universitario E. Quagliarello Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Rhee B, Mahbubur RM, Jin C, Choi JS, Lim HW, Huh W, Park JS, Han J, Kim S, Lee Y, Park J. Evaluation of safety and anti-obesity effects of DWP16001 in naturally obese dogs. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:237. [PMID: 35733159 PMCID: PMC9214997 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2 inhibitor), in naturally obese dogs. A total of 20 dogs were divided into four equal groups: one obese control (OC group), and three treated groups; DWP0.2 group, DWP0.5 group, and DWP1 group. OC group fed with food for maintenance and treated groups were fed with food for maintenance with 0.2 mg/kg DWP16001, 0.5 mg/kg DWP16001 and 1 mg/kg DWP16001, respectively. The food for maintenance was provided to dogs as 2 RER (Resting energy requirement) in kcal and DWP16001-supplemented food was administered once a day for 8 weeks. Results Body condition score, body weight, and fat thickness were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the DWP0.2 group compared with the OC group, respectively without affecting the food consumption. At the 10th week the food consumption rate was 101.35 ± 2.56, 166.59 ± 4.72, 98.47 ± 1.44 and 123.15 ± 2.45% compared with initial food consumption rate. Body fat percentage, chest and waist circumference, blood glucose, and insulin were reduced compared to OC group but not significantly different from those of the OC group during experimental period. Serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, and creatinine were significantly reduced in DWP0.2 group on 8 weeks. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced but not significantly. No specific adverse effects were observed throughout the experiment, and hematological parameters were unchanged. The results indicate that DWP16001 was not harmful to the dogs in our study and might have anti-obesity effects in naturally obese dogs. Conclusions The above results and discussion suggest that DWP16001 is safe and might have anti-obesity effects in naturally obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Rhee
- KNOTUS Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Changfan Jin
- KNOTUS Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Choi
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Lim
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Huh
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumi Han
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokho Kim
- KNOTUS Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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Han JH, Kim MT, Myung CS. Garcinia Cambogia Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Glucose Imbalance by Enhancing Calcium/CaMKII/AMPK/GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100669. [PMID: 35213784 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) is known to have antiobesity effects. In this study, the therapeutic effects of G. cambogia on glucose homeostasis in obesity-induced diabetes are explored and the underlying mechanisms are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS C2C12 myotubes are treated with G. cambogia; glucose uptake, intracellular Ca2+ levels, and related alterations in signaling pathways are examined. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are administered G. cambogia for 8 weeks; oral glucose tolerance is evaluated, and the regulation of identified targets of signaling pathways in quadriceps skeletal muscle are examined in vivo. G. cambogia increases glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and induces the upregulation of AMPK, ACC, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Notably, G. cambogia markedly elevates both intracellular Ca2+ levels, activating CaMKII, a Ca2+ -sensing protein, and TBC1D4-mediated GLUT4 translocation, to facilitate glucose uptake. Furthermore, high-glucose-induced inhibition of glucose uptake and signal transduction is reverted by G. cambogia. In an HFD-induced diabetes mouse model, G. cambogia administration results in significant blood glucose-lowering effects, which are attributed to the regulation of targets that have been identified in vitro, in quadricep skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which G. cambogia regulates glucose homeostasis in obesity-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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Verma P, Joshi BC, Bairy PS. A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220211162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering significant social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase the health risks including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancer. Synthetic drugs available on the market reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity got to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants which helps to search the new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.
Objective:
This review aim to update the data and provide a comprehensive report of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phyto-chemical constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.
Methodology:
An electronic search of the periodical databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar with information reported the period 1991-2019, was used to retrieve published data.
Results:
A comprehensive report of the present review manuscript is an attempt to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. The review focused on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds with their mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, clinical studies for further scientific research.
Conclusion:
This review is the compilation of the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the managements of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the drug for the management of obesity and their associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents were also screened by preclinical In-vitro and In-vivo, clinical trials and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen large number of plant extracts and this approach can surely be a driving force for the discovery of anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Partha Sarathi Bairy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
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Todorović M, Zlatić N, Bojović B, Kanjevac M. Biological properties of selected Amaranthaceae halophytic species: A review. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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13
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Garcinia cambogia Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Mediated Steatosis and Apoptosis through NRF2-ARE Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081226. [PMID: 34439474 PMCID: PMC8388869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) is used as an anti-obesity supplement, and its protective potential against NAFLD has been investigated. This study aims to present the therapeutic effects of G. cambogia on NAFLD and reveal underlying mechanisms. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were administered G. cambogia for eight weeks, and steatosis, apoptosis, and biochemical parameters were examined in vivo. FFA-induced HepG2 cells were treated with G. cambogia, and lipid accumulation, apoptosis, ROS level, and signal alterations were examined. The results showed that G. cambogia inhibited HFD-induced steatosis and apoptosis and abrogated abnormalities in serum chemistry. G. cambogia increased in NRF2 nuclear expression and activated antioxidant responsive element (ARE), causing induction of antioxidant gene expression. NRF2 activation inhibited FFA-induced ROS production, which suppressed lipogenic transcription factors, C/EBPα and PPARγ. Moreover, the ability of G. cambogia to inhibit ROS production suppressed apoptosis by normalizing the Bcl-2/BAX ratio and PARP cleavage. Lastly, these therapeutic effects of G. cambogia were due to hydroxycitric acid (HCA). These findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which G. cambogia regulates NAFLD progression.
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Murugan DD, Balan D, Wong PF. Adipogenesis and therapeutic potentials of antiobesogenic phytochemicals: Insights from preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5936-5960. [PMID: 34219306 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in both developed and developing countries in recent years. While lifestyle and diet modifications are the most important management strategies of obesity, these may be insufficient to ensure long-term weight reduction in certain individuals and alternative strategies including pharmacotherapy need to be considered. However, drugs option remains limited due to low efficacy and adverse effects associated with their use. Hence, identification of safe and effective alternative therapeutic agents remains warranted to combat obesity. In recent years, bioactive phytochemicals are considered as valuable sources for the discovery of new pharmacological agents for the treatment of obesity. Adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia increases with obesity and undergo molecular and cellular alterations that can affect systemic metabolism giving rise to metabolic syndrome and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Many phytochemicals have been reported to target adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis, inducing lipolysis, suppressing the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes, reducing energy intake, and boosting energy expenditure mainly in vitro and in animal studies. Nevertheless, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals. This review outlines common pathways involved in adipogenesis and phytochemicals targeting effector molecules of these pathways, the challenges faced and the way forward for the development of phytochemicals as antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharvind Balan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gao J, Mao K, Wang X, Mi S, Fu M, Li X, Xiao J, Simal-Gandara J, Sang Y. Tibet Kefir Milk Regulated Metabolic Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet via Amino Acids, Bile Acids, and Equol Metabolism in Human-Microbiota-Associated Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6720-6732. [PMID: 34081859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to confirm the effects of Tibet kefir milk (TKM) on gut microbiota and metabolism. An obesity model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to human-microbiota-associated rats. Next-generation sequencing and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were applied for gut microbiota and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. After 8 weeks of feeding, the enterotype in the HFD group was switched from ET1 (Prevotella/Akkermansia-dominant) to ET2 (Bacteroides/Akkermansia-dominant). Branched-chain amino-acids- and aromatic amino-acids-metabolism increased, and taurine-conjugated bile acids decreased in the HFD group. Compared with the HFD group, taurocholic acid increased in the TKM1 group, while l-threonine decreased, and equol, taurochenodeoxycholate, and taurodeoxycholic acid increased in the TKM2 group. The metabolite alteration suggested restorative bile acid metabolism, modified metabolic pattern of amino acids, and elevation of anti-obesity factors in the TKM-intervened animals. It can be deduced that changes by TKM intervention in the host gut metabolites are the major contributors to reducing fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596, Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei CN 071000, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing CN 100048, China
| | - Kemin Mao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596, Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei CN 071000, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596, Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei CN 071000, China
| | - Si Mi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596, Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei CN 071000, China
| | - Mengqi Fu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596, Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei CN 071000, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596, Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei CN 071000, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, E-32004, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, ES 36310, Spain
| | - Yaxin Sang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596, Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei CN 071000, China
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Sargin SA. Plants used against obesity in Turkish folk medicine: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113841. [PMID: 33460757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is one of the growing public health problems in Turkey, as well as all over the world, threatening people of almost all ages. Turkey has a large potential for research on this topic due to owning broad ethnomedicinal experience and the richest flora (34% endemic) of Europe and the Middle East. Herbs that they have utilized for centuries to treat and prevent obesity can provide useful options to overcome this issue. AIM OF THE STUDY This survey was carried out to disclose the inventory of plant taxa that the people of Turkey have been using for a few centuries in treating obesity without any side effects or complications, and to compare them with experimental studies in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was achieved in two phases on the matter above by using electronic databases, such as Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, HighWire Press, PubMed and Google Scholar. Both results were shown in separate tables as well as the regional comparative analysis. RESULTS 117 herbal taxa belonging to 45 families were identified among the selected 74 studies conducted in the seven regions of Turkey. However, only 49 (41.9%) of them were found to be subjected to worldwide in vitro and in vivo research conducted on anti-obesity activity. Quercetin (9.1%), gallic acid (6.1%) and ferulic acid and epigallocatechin gallate (4.5%) have been recorded as the most common active ingredients among the 66 active substances identified. Prunus avium (32.4%) and Rosmarinus officinalis (25.7%) were identified as the most common plants used in Turkey. Also, Portulaca oleracea and Brassica oleracea emerged as the most investigated taxa in the literature. CONCLUSION This is the first country-wide ethnomedical review conducted on obesity treatment with plants in Turkey. Evaluating the results of the experimental anti-obesity research conducted in the recent years in the literature, it was determined that forty-nine plants were verified. This clearly shows that these herbs have a high potential to be a pharmacological resource. Moreover, 68 (41.9%) taxa, which haven't been investigated yet, are likely to be a promising resource for national and international pharmacological researchers in terms of new natural medicine searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyid Ahmet Sargin
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Education, Alanya, Antalya, 07400, Turkey.
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17
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Li L, Zhao Y, Han G, Guo J, Meng Z, Chen M. Progress in the Study and Use of Seawater Vegetables. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5998-6006. [PMID: 32374599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As global soil salinization increases, halophytes that can grow in saline soils are the primary choice for improving soil quality. Some halophytes can even be irrigated with seawater and used as vegetables. These so-called seawater vegetables include those that can be planted on saline and alkali soils and some edible halophytes and ordinary vegetables that are salt-tolerant. The cultivation of seawater vegetables on saline soil has become a matter of increasing interest. In this review, we focus on the salt-tolerance mechanisms and potential applications of some seawater vegetables. We also summarize their value to health, medicine, industry, and the economy as a whole. Further improvement and development to support the use of seawater vegetables will require in-depth research at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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The drying process of Sarcocornia perennis: impact on nutritional and physico-chemical properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:4443-4458. [PMID: 33087958 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Sarcocornia genus is an extreme salt-tolerant plant that can be cultivated in saline habitats almost worldwide. To preserve Sarcocornia perennis, convective drying experiments were conducted and their effects on the physico-chemical properties and phenolic content of the plant were studied using conventional and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The drying process of Sarcocornia perennis at temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C revealed three periods of convective drying process with drying times ranging between 4.5 and 24.9 h, respectively to higher and lower temperatures. The heating-up period can be neglected as compared with the drying process, and the duration of constant rate period, as a percentage of the total drying time, ranged between 34 and 20% respectively at 40 °C and 70 °C. The Modified Page model was proposed to describe the drying process at the different temperatures. From a nutritional point of view, this halophyte plant may be considered as a good source of fibres, phenolic compounds and natural minerals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The convective drying, in the temperature range currently used, was found to preserve the colour, nutritional characteristics and phytochemical value of Sarcocornia perennis. These results were confirmed by FTIR-ATR and highlight the potential use of the dried plant in novel food products.
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Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184556. [PMID: 31540021 PMCID: PMC6770307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease of great public health significance worldwide: It entails several complications including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension, and its prevalence is increasing around the world. The pathogenesis of obesity is closely related to reactive oxygen species. The role of reactive oxygen species as regulatory factors in mitochondrial activity in obese subjects, molecules taking part in inflammation processes linked to excessive size and number of adipocytes, and as agents governing the energy balance in hypothalamus neurons has been examined. Phytotherapy is the traditional form of treating health problems using plant-derived medications. Some plant extracts are known to act as anti-obesity agents and have been screened in in vitro models based on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and activity of pancreatic lipase methods and in in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity rat/mouse models and human models. Plant products may be a good natural alternative for weight management and a source of numerous biologically-active chemicals, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract the oxidative stress associated with obesity. This review presents polyphenols as natural complementary therapy, and a good nutritional strategy, for treating obesity without serious side effects.
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Karri S, Sharma S, Hatware K, Patil K. Natural anti-obesity agents and their therapeutic role in management of obesity: A future trend perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:224-238. [PMID: 30481727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present scenario, obesity is a challenging health problem and its prevalence along with comorbidities are on the rise around the world. According to world health organization and organisation for economic co-operation and development epidemiology reports, overweight and obesity are the fifth foremost causes of deaths globally. The increasing rate of obesity is becoming a mammoth problem which enormously affects an individual's quality of life. The conventional therapy of obesity mainly involves synthetic moieties and surgical procedures, which has many harmful side effects and chances of recurrence with severity. Hence, the Present review is a metanalysis of all the available data on the use of the plants with their biological source, active phytochemical constituents and a probable mechanism of action as natural anti-obesity agents. The metanalysis of data during the period of 2000-2018 was performed with the help of scientific data search engine National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/PubMed). This data reveals the need and scope of further research in the development of new natural phytoconstituents for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Karri
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ketan Hatware
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran Patil
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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