1
|
Shan X, Tao W, Li J, Tao W, Li D, Zhou L, Yang X, Dong C, Huang S, Chu X, Zhang C. Kai-Xin-San ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via the mitochondrial autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118145. [PMID: 38582153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic famous prescription that has been utilized for centuries to address dementia. New investigations have shown that the anti-dementia effect of KXS is connected with improved neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is not well elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We propose to discover the ameliorative impact of KXS on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its regulatory role on the mitochondrial autophagy-nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Y maze, Morris water maze, and new objection recognition tests were applied to ascertain the spatial learning and memory capacities of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice after KXS-treatment. Meanwhile, the biochemical indexes of the hippocampus were detected by reagent kits. The pathological alterations and mitochondrial autophagy in the mice' hippocampus were detected utilizing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Besides, the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways protein expressions were determined employing the immunoblot analysis. RESULTS The results of behavioral tests showed that KXS significantly enhanced the AD mice' spatial learning and memory capacities. Furthermore, KXS reversed the biochemical index levels and reduced amyloid-β protein deposition in AD mice brains. Besides, H&E staining showed that KXS remarkably ameliorated the neuronal damage in AD mice. Concurrently, the results of transmission electron microscopy suggest that KXS ameliorated the mitochondrial damage in microglia and promoted mitochondrial autophagy. Moreover, the immunofluorescence outcomes exhibited that KXS promoted the expression of protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) associated with microtubule and the generation of autophagic flux. Notably, the immunofluorescence co-localization results confirmed the presence of mitochondrial autophagy in microglia. Finally, KXS promoted the protein expressions of the PINK1/Parkin pathway and reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Most importantly, these beneficial effects of KXS were attenuated by the mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. CONCLUSION KXS ameliorates AD-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice by enhancing the mitochondrial autophagy and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wenwen Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Junying Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wenkang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Dawei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Lele Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China; Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Chong Dong
- Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Shunwang Huang
- Hefei Innovation Pharmaceutical Technology Co.ltd., Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu LC, Liang JY, Liu YH, Liu B, Dong XH, Cai WH, Zhang N. The Intersection of cerebral cholesterol metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30523. [PMID: 38726205 PMCID: PMC11079309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, the exact pathogenesis of which remains incompletely understood, and effective preventive and therapeutic drugs are currently lacking. Cholesterol plays a vital role in cell membrane formation and neurotransmitter synthesis, and its abnormal metabolism is associated with the onset of AD. With the continuous advancement of imaging techniques and molecular biology methods, researchers can more accurately explore the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and AD. Elevated cholesterol levels may lead to vascular dysfunction, thereby affecting neuronal function. Additionally, abnormal cholesterol metabolism may affect the metabolism of β-amyloid protein, thereby promoting the onset of AD. Brain cholesterol levels are regulated by multiple factors. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the subtle relationship between cholesterol homeostasis and AD, and to introduce the latest advances in cholesterol-regulating AD treatment strategies, thereby inspiring readers to contemplate deeply on this complex relationship. Although there are still many unresolved important issues regarding the risk of brain cholesterol and AD, and some studies may have opposite conclusions, further research is needed to enrich our understanding. However, these findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and provide important insights for the future development of AD treatment strategies targeting brain cholesterol homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-cheng Liu
- Pharmaceutical Branch, Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jun-yi Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan-hong Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-hong Dong
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-hui Cai
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo W, Xu X, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Shen P, Lu X, Fan X. Salvianolic acid C attenuates cerebral ischemic injury through inhibiting neuroinflammation via the TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway. Chin Med 2024; 19:46. [PMID: 38468280 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability with ischemic stroke being the most common type of stroke. Salvianolic acid C (SalC), a polyphenolic compound found in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in the recovery phase of ischemic stroke. However, its pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms during the early stages of ischemic stroke remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the potential mechanism of action of SalC during the early phase of ischemic stroke using network pharmacology strategies and RNA sequencing analysis. METHODS SalC effects on infarct volume, neurological deficits, and histopathological changes were assessed in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). By integrating RNA sequencing data with a cerebral vascular disease (CVD)-related gene database, a cerebral ischemic disease (CID) network containing dysregulated genes from the tMCAO model was constructed. Network analysis algorithms were applied to evaluate the key nodes within the CID network. In vivo and in vitro validation of crucial targets within the identified pathways was conducted. RESULTS SalC treatment significantly reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and reversed pathological changes in the tMCAO mouse model. The integration of RNA sequencing data revealed an 80% gene reversion rate induced by SalC within the CID network. Among the reverted genes, 53.1% exhibited reversion rates exceeding 50%, emphasizing the comprehensive rebalancing effect of SalC within the CID network. Neuroinflammatory-related pathways regulated by SalC, including the toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4)- triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, were identified. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway was down-regulated by SalC in microglia, which was essential for its anti-inflammatory effect on ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS SalC attenuated cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation mediated by microglia, primarily through the TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of SalC in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Guo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulin Xiao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiatian Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peiqiang Shen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qiu M, Zhang J, Wei W, Zhang Y, Li M, Bai Y, Wang H, Meng Q, Guo DA. Integrated UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Neuroprotective Mechanisms and Potential Pharmacological Ingredients of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:239. [PMID: 38399454 PMCID: PMC10892462 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurantii Fructus (AF) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) have been used for thousands of years as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with sedative effects. Modern studies have shown that Citrus plants also have protective effects on the nervous system. However, the effective substances and mechanisms of action in Citrus TCMs still remain unclear. In order to explore the pharmacodynamic profiles of identified substances and the action mechanism of these herbs, a comprehensive approach combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis and network pharmacology was employed. Firstly, UNIFI 2.1.1 software was used to identify the chemical characteristics of AF and AFI. Secondly, the SwissTargetPrediction database was used to predict the targets of chemical components in AF and AFI. Targets for neuroprotection were also collected from GeneCards: The Human Gene Database (GeneCards-Human Genes|Gene Database|Gene Search). The networks between targets and compounds or diseases were then constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. Finally, the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Database (DAVID) (DAVID Functional Annotation Bioinformatics Microarray Analysis) was used for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. The results showed that 50 of 188 compounds in AF and AFI may have neuroprotective biological activities. These activities are associated with the regulatory effects of related components on 146 important signaling pathways, derived from the KEGG (KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), such as neurodegeneration (hsa05022), the Alzheimer's disease pathway (hsa05010), the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (hsa04064), the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathway (hsa04066), apoptosis (hsa04210), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance signaling pathway (hsa01521), and others, by targeting 108 proteins, including xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B (GRIN2B), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), among others. These targets are thought to be related to inflammation, neural function and cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
| | - Wenlong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hanze Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Qian Meng
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
| | - De-an Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Jiang L, Shi X, Yang J, Wang R, Li W. Constituents, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical applications, and safety profile on the classical prescription Kaixinsan. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1338024. [PMID: 38362144 PMCID: PMC10867185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1338024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Kaixinsan (KXS) is a noteworthy classical prescription, which consists of four Chinese medicinal herbs, namely Polygalae Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. KXS was initially documented in the Chinese ancient book Beiji Qianjin Yaofang written by Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty in 652 A.D. As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, it functions to nourish the heart and replenish Qi, calm the heart tranquilize the mind, and excrete dampness. Originally used to treat amnesia, it is now also effective in memory decline and applied to depression. Although there remains an abundance of literature investigating KXS from multiple aspects, few reviews summarize the features and research, which impedes better exploration and exploitation of KXS. This article intends to comprehensively analyze and summarize up-to-date information concerning the chemical constituents, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical applications, and safety of KXS based on the scientific literature, as well as to examine possible scientific gaps in current research and tackle issues in the next step. The chemical constituents of KXS primarily consist of saponins, xanthones, oligosaccharide esters, triterpenoids, volatile oils, and flavonoids. Of these, saponins are the predominant active ingredients, and increasing evidence has indicated that they exert therapeutic properties against mental disease. Pharmacokinetic research has illustrated that the crucial exposed substances in rat plasma after KXS administration are ginsenoside Re (GRe), ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), and polygalaxanthone III (POL). This article provides additional descriptions of the safety. In this review, current issues are highlighted to guide further comprehensive research of KXS and other classical prescriptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng J, Pei H, Wu H, Chen W, Du R, He Z. Palmatine attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23544. [PMID: 37815058 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the key molecular mechanisms of palmatine for the treatment of neuroinflammation through modulation of a pathway using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation combined with network pharmacology, and animal experiments. Five alkaloid components were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine Huangteng through literature mining. Molecular docking and MD simulation with acetylcholinesterase were used to screen palmatine. At the animal level, mice were injected with LPS intracerebrally to cause a neuroinflammatory model, and the Morris water maze experiment was performed to examine the learning memory of mice. Anxiety levels were tested using the autonomous activity behavior experiment with the open field and elevated behavior experiments. HE staining and Niss staining were performed on brain tissue sections to observe morphological lesions and apoptosis; serum was examined for inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression. The expression of PI3K/AKT/NFkB signaling pathway-related proteins was examined by Western blot. The results of network pharmacology showed that the screening of palmatine activation containing the PI3K/Akt/NFkB signaling pathway exerts antineuroinflammatory effects. Results from behavioral experiments showed that Pal enhanced learning memory in model mice, improved anxiety behavior, and significantly improved brain damage caused by neuroinflammation. The results of HE staining and Niss staining of brain tissue sections showed that palmatine could alleviate morphological lesions and nucleus damage in brain tissue. Palmatine improved the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. SOD, MDA, CAT, ACH, and ACHE in the hippocampus were improved. Western blot results showed that palmatine administration ameliorated LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the PI3K/Akt/NFkB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Zeng
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyan Pei
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry in Xinjiang, Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry in Xinjiang, Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shan X, Yang X, Li D, Zhou L, Qin S, Li J, Tao W, Peng C, Wei J, Chu X, Wang H, Zhang C. Research on the quality markers of antioxidant activity of Kai-Xin-San based on the spectrum-effect relationship. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1270836. [PMID: 38205371 PMCID: PMC10777484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1270836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is one of the classic famous traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for amnesia, which has been applied for thousands of years. Modern pharmacological research has found that KXS has significant therapeutic efficacy on nervous system diseases, which is related to its antioxidant activity. However, the antioxidant material basis and quality markers (Q-makers) of KXS have not been studied. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the Q-makers of antioxidant activity of KXS based on spectrum-effect relationship. Methods: Specifically, the metabolites in KXS extracts were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS. The fingerprint profile of KXS extracts were established by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and seven common peaks were identified. Meanwhile, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used to evaluate the free radical scavenging ability of KXS. The spectrum-effect relationship between its HPLC fingerprint and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was preliminarily examined by the Pearson correlation analysis, grey relation analysis (GRA), and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). Further, the antioxidant effect of KXS and its Q-makers were validated through human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells experiment. Results: The results showed that 103 metabolites were identified from KXS, and the similarity values between HPLC fingerprint of twelve batches of KXS were greater than 0.900. At the same time, the results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the peaks 8, 1, 14, 17, 18, 24, 16, 21, 15, 13, 6, 5, and 3 from KXS were positively correlated with the scavenging activity values of DPPH. Combined with the results of GRA and OPLS-DA, peaks 1, 3, 5 (Sibiricose A6), 6, 13 (Ginsenoside Rg1), 15, and 24 in the fingerprints were screen out as the potential Q-makers of KXS for antioxidant effect. Besides, the results of CCK-8 assay showed that KXS and its Q-makers remarkably reduced the oxidative damage of SH-SY5Y cells caused by H2O2. However, the antioxidant activity of KXS was decreased significantly after Q-makers were knocked out. Conclusion: In conclusion, the metabolites in KXS were successfully identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS, and the Q-makers of KXS for antioxidant effect was analyzed based on the spectrum-effect relationship. These results are beneficial to clarify the antioxidant material basis of KXS and provide the quality control standards for new KXS products development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dawei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lele Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shaogang Qin
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Hefei Food and Drug Inspection Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenkang Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinming Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Haixuan Wang
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Hefei Food and Drug Inspection Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang D, Zheng J, Sun X, Xie L, Yang Y. Study on the Pharmacological Mechanism of Icariin for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Techniques. Metabolites 2023; 14:1. [PMID: 38276291 PMCID: PMC10820555 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the pharmacological mechanism of icariin (ICA) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on network pharmacology and network molecular docking technology. In order to investigate the regulatory effect of ICA on the expression level of AD pathological phosphorylation regulatory proteins, this study further explored the possible molecular mechanism of ICA regulating AD autophagy through network pharmacology. Macromolecular docking network was verified by Autodock Vina 1.1.2 software. The main active ingredients of ICA, the physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetic information of ICA were predicted using online databases and relevant information. The results showed that the targets of MAPK3, AKT1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, and HSP90AA1 were more critical in the treatment of AD. Autophagy, apoptosis, senescence factors, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (P13K/AKT) signaling pathway, MAKP, mTOR, and other pathways were significantly associated with AD. Docking of ICA with HIF-1, BNIP3, PINK1, and Parkin pathway molecules showed that the key targets of the signaling pathway were more stably bound to ICA, which may provide a better pathway for ICA to regulate autophagy by providing a better pathway. ICA can improve AD, and its mechanism may be related to the P13K/AKT, MAKP, and mTOR signaling pathways, thereby regulating autophagy-related proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Wang
- College of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, China; (D.W.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
| | - Jilong Zheng
- College of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, China; (D.W.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
| | - Xingsheng Sun
- College of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, China; (D.W.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
| | - Liuwei Xie
- College of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110854, China; (D.W.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (L.X.)
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110031, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Umar AH, Ratnadewi D, Rafi M, Sulistyaningsih YC, Hamim H, Kusuma WA. Drug candidates and potential targets of Curculigo spp. compounds for treating diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8544-8560. [PMID: 36300505 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2135597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Curculigo spp. is a herb that is commonly used in Indonesia to treat diabetes mellitus (DM) . The main active components of Curculigo spp. were identified through our previous metabolomic study and online database platform. However, the biological mechanisms underlying Curculigo spp. activity in treating DM remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, a network pharmacology was used to explore the active compounds of Curculigo spp. and their potential molecular mechanisms for treating DM. Oral bioavailability and drug-likeness from the compounds of Curculigo spp. were screened using Lipinski's rule of five, BBB, HIA + and Caco-2 permeability criteria. A network of compound-target-disease-pathway was then constructed using Cytoscape. The highest degree compounds and targets were then confirmed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The human body can absorb 33 compounds derived from Curculigo spp. In addition, 58 nodes and 62 edges generated a network analysis with the DM target. The highest degree of the compound-target-disease pathway was for orcinol glucoside, AKR1B1, autoimmune diabetes, bile acid and bile salt metabolism. Furthermore, the computational docking method on Curculigo spp. compounds with the highest degree revealed that orcinol glucoside interacted with PTPN1 through a hydrogen bond and resulted in a binding energy of -7.2 kcal mol-1. Through hydrogen bonds, orcinol glucoside in PTPN1 regulates multiple signaling pathways via the adherens junction pathway, which may play a therapeutic role in DM (type 2 diabetes: obesity). In addition, MD simulation confirmed that orcinol glucoside, is suitable for DM treatment by interacting with PTPN1.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Halim Umar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Makassar (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar), Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Diah Ratnadewi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Hamim Hamim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lei X, Xu H, Wang Y, Gao H, Zhao D, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Zuo K, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang N. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Component Analysis to Study the Potential Mechanisms of Qi-Fu-Yin Decoction in Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2841-2858. [PMID: 37727255 PMCID: PMC10506672 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s402624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the potential mechanisms of QFY for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and explore the effective substances of QFY. Materials and Methods UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was used to identify the chemical constituents of the serum samples and the cerebrospinal fluid samples of rats after QFY administration. Network pharmacology was used to predict potential targets and pathways of QFY against AD. The AD mice model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-gal for 8 consecutive weeks. New object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze test (MWM) were used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of mice. Moreover, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the brain hippocampus of mice were determined by ELISA. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-1, PSD95, SYP, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins in the hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to detect the gene expressions of PSD95, SYP, M1 and M2 polarization markers of microglia, including iNOS, CD16, ARG-1, and IL-10 in the hippocampus. Results A total of 51 prototype compounds were detected in rat serum and 15 prototype components were identified in rat cerebrospinal fluid. Behavioral experiments revealed that QFY significantly increased the recognition index, decreased the escape latency, increased the platform crossing times and increased the residence time in the target quadrant. QFY also could alleviate the ultrastructural pathological changes in the hippocampus of AD mice. Meanwhile, QFY treatment suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18. QFY improved the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus in D-gal model mice by significantly increasing the expression of proteins and mRNAs of PSD95 and SYP. Conclusion QFY could effectively improve the learning and memory impairment of D-gal-induced AD mice by inhibiting the excessive activation of microglia, enhancing the expression of M2 microglia, inhibiting the increase of inflammatory factors, cell adhesion factors and chemokines, anti-apoptosis, and improving synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lei
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongdan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, 214000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hainan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deping Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lang J, Li L, Quan Y, Tan R, Zhao J, Li M, Zeng J, Chen S, Wang T, Li Y, Zhao J, Yin Z. LC-MS-based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of anti-gouty arthritis effect of Wuwei Shexiang pill. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1213602. [PMID: 37637422 PMCID: PMC10450745 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wuwei Shexiang Pill (WSP) is a Tibetan traditional medicine, which has been demonstrated to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and anti-gout effects. However, the specific pharmacological mechanism is not elucidated clearly. In the present study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics was applied to investigate the alteration of serum metabolites induced by WSP treatment in MSU-induced gouty rats. Subsequently, bioinformatics was utilized to analyze the potential metabolic pathway of the anti-gout effect of WSP. The pharmacodynamic data discovered that WSP could ameliorate ankle swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as downregulate the protein expression of IL-1β, p-NF-κB p65, and NLRP3 in the synovial membrane and surrounding tissues of gouty ankles. LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed that there were 30 differential metabolites in the serum between sham-operated rats and gouty ones, which were mainly involved in the metabolism of fructose and mannose, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and cholesterol metabolism. However, compared to the model group, WSP treatment upregulated 11 metabolic biomarkers and downregulated 31 biomarkers in the serum. KEGG enrichment analysis found that 27 metabolic pathways contributed to the therapeutic action of WSP, including linoleic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. The comprehensive analysis-combined network pharmacology and metabolomics further revealed that the regulatory network of WSP against gout might be attributed to 11 metabolites, 7 metabolic pathways, 39 targets, and 49 active ingredients of WSP. In conclusion, WSP could ameliorate the inflammation of the ankle in MSU-induced gouty rats, and its anti-gout mechanism might be relevant to the modulation of multiple metabolic pathways, such as linoleic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. This study provided data support for the secondary development of Chinese traditional patent medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Lang
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyun Quan
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, The “Double-First Class” Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Li
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Sichuan Fengchun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Deyang, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhujun Yin
- Biological Assay Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Engineering Research Center for Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, The “Double-First Class” Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Xiao Z, Pu W, Jiang Z, Wang S, Zhang Y. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of Long Mu Qing Xin mixture for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144907. [PMID: 37007045 PMCID: PMC10063801 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Long Mu Qing Xin Mixture (LMQXM) has shown potentially positive effects in alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the action mechanism is still not fully understood. This study aimed to predict the potential mechanism of LMQXM for ADHD using network pharmacology and molecular docking, which were then validated using animal experiments.Methods: Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the core targets and potential pathways of LMQXMQ for ADHD, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the potential significance of dopamine (DA) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways. To verify the hypothesis, we conducted an animal experiment. In the animal experiment, the young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into the model group (SHR), the methylphenidate hydrochloride group (MPH, 4.22 mg/kg), and 3 LMQXM groups (low-dose (LD) group, 5.28 ml/kg; medium-dose (MD) group, 10.56 ml/kg; and high-dose (HD) group, 21.12 ml/kg), and administered by gavage for 4 weeks; the WKY rats were set as the control group. The open field test and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate the behavioral performance of rats, high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze DA levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of rats, ELISA was used to detect cAMP concentrations in the PFC and striatum, and immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to analyze positive cell expression and mRNA expression for indicators related to DA and cAMP pathways.Results: The results showed that beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, rhynchophylline, baicalein, and formononetin might be key components of LMQXM for ADHD and that these components bind well to the core targets, DA receptors (DRD1 and DRD2). Furthermore, LMQXM might act through the DA and cAMP signaling pathways. In the animal experiment, we found that MPH and LMQXM-MD controlled hyperactivity and improved learning and memory in SHRs, while LMQXM-HD only controlled hyperactivity in SHRs; meanwhile, MPH and LMQXM-MD upregulated DA and cAMP levels, mean optical density (MOD) of cAMP, and MOD and mRNA expression of DRD1 and PKA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of SHRs, while LMQXM-LD and LMQXM-HD upregulated DA and cAMP levels in the striatum, MOD of cAMP in the PFC, and mRNA expression of PKA in the PFC. However, we did not find a significant regulatory effect of LMQXM on DRD2.Conclusion: To sum up, this study demonstrated that LMQXM may increase DA levels mainly by activating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway through DRD1, thereby controlling the behavioral disorders of SHRs, which is most effective at moderate doses, and this may be a key mechanism for LMQXM in the treatment of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Li
- Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Longhua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Xiao, ; Zhiyan Jiang,
| | - Wenyan Pu
- Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Longhua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Xiao, ; Zhiyan Jiang,
| | - Shumin Wang
- Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Longhua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixing Zhang
- Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Longhua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pomegranate Peel in the Amelioration of High-Altitude Disease: A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study of Underlying Mechanisms. J Food Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7186747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
High-altitude disease (HAD) describes the failure to adapt to the lack of oxygen found at high altitudes and therapeutic antioxidant effects have been attributed to pomegranate peel (PP) extract. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation were used to study mechanisms responsible for the alleviation of HAD by PP. The aim was to establish a reference for future research and aid technological development, particularly in clinical settings. Network pharmacology analysis showed that PP affected many targets in HAD via the active ingredients, luteolin 7-O-glycoside, punicalagin, and ellagic acid. HNRNPA1, HSPA1B, HSPA1A, CUL4B, CLTC, PPP1CA, PARP1, RACK1, NEDD8, and MAP3K1 were all targets, responsible for effects on ribosomes, apoptosis, cell cycle, mRNA surveillance pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. PP had an antiapoptosis effect on H9c2 cells damaged by hypoxia, as shown by annexinV-FITC/PI double staining. Practical Applications. HAD comprises a group of diseases caused by failure to adapt to a low-oxygen environment. PP extract has previously been shown to have antioxidant effects. PP attenuated damage to H9c2 cells and reduced the apoptosis rate. The current results lay the foundation for further experimental investigations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bo M, Zhang H, Xu J, Zhao H, Jia X, Wang G, Lu Z. Systematic review of Kaixinsan in treating depression: Efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1061877. [PMID: 36560929 PMCID: PMC9763288 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1061877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kaixinsan (KXS) has been in use as an effective classic formulation of traditional Chinese medicine for depression. However, its active components and action mechanism against depression remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to summarize and evaluate the efficacy and potential pharmacological mechanisms of KXS in antidepressant treatment. Materials and methods Reports on the use of KXS in the treatment of depression were systematically collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, and Wanfang Data from the establishment to July 2022, including those on mood disorders in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Meta-analysis was conducted with the Review Manager 5.3 software. Online datasets, traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacological analysis platform, GeneCards, online Mendelian inheritance in man, and DisGeNET were used to investigate the depression-related genes. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments were performed to construct the 'component-target-pathways' network using Metascape online analyses. Result Ten studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis showed that both low-dose KXS (SMD = 19.66, Z = 7.96, and I 2 = 42%) and high-dose KXS (SMD = 23.84, Z = 8.46, and I 2 = 13%) could increase the sucrose preference in depression models. In addition, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (SMD = 10.91, Z = 2.95, and I 2 = 50%) returned to normal level after the treatment at low dose KXS. In network pharmacology, 50 active components and 376 gene targets were screened out. AKT1, GAPDH, ALB, TNF, and TP53 were the core target proteins. GO analysis showed that KXS mainly treats depression in biological processes such as response to drugs, cellular calcium ion homeostasis, and regulation of chemical synaptic signal transmission. KEGG results show that the mechanism of action of KXS in treating depression is through neural activity ligand-receptor interaction, the calcium signaling and CAMP signaling pathways. Discussion The study reveals the active components and potential molecular mechanism of KXS in the treatment of depression and provides evidence for future basic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Bo
- VIP Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjing Zhang
- Teaching Affairs Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Xu
- VIP Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Teaching Affairs Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinglei Jia
- VIP Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guangdong Wang,
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- VIP Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhengyu Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He Z, Yu H, Wu H, Su L, Shi K, Zhao Y, Zong Y, Chen W, Du R. Antidepressant effects of total alkaloids of Fibraurea recisa on improving corticosterone-induced apoptosis of HT-22 cells and chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviour in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1436-1448. [PMID: 35938494 PMCID: PMC9361772 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2099429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fibraurea recisa Pierre. (Menispermaceae) (FR) is a traditional Chinese medicine known as "Huangteng." The total alkaloids of FR (AFR) are the main active ingredients. However, the pharmacological effects of AFR in the treatment of depression have not been reported. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the antidepressant effects of AFR by network pharmacology and verification experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compound-Target-Pathway (C-P-T) network of FR and depression was constructed through network pharmacology. In vitro, HT-22 cells were treated with corticosterone (CORT) solution (0.35 mg/mL), then AFR (0.05 mg/mL) solution and inhibitor AZD6244 (14 μM/mL) or BAY11-7082 (10 μM/mL) were added, respectively. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups, namely the normal group, the CUMS group, the AFR (400 mg/kg) group, and the 2 groups that were simultaneously administered the inhibitory group AZD6244 (8 mg/kg) and BAY11-7082 (5 mg/kg). Western blotting was used to assess the expression level of the proteins. RESULTS AFR could protect HT-22 cells from CORT-induced damage and increase the cell viability from 49.12 ± 3.4% to 87.26 ± 1.5%. Moreover, AFR significantly increased the levels of BDNF (1.3, 1.4-fold), p-ERK (1.4, 1.2-fold) and p-CERB (1.6, 1.3-fold), and decreased the levels of NLRP3 (11.3%, 31.6%), ASC (19.2%, 34.2%) and caspase-1 (18.0%, 27.6%) in HT-22 cells and the hippocampus, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS AFR can improve depressive-like behaviours and can develop drugs for depression treatment. Further studies are needed to validate its potential in clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - He Yu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Wu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Su
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu H, Xiong XG, Lu Y, Wu HC, Zhang ZH, Sun MJ. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of Oldenlandia diffusa on arthritis model rats: a quantitative proteomic and network pharmacologic study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1098. [PMID: 36388817 PMCID: PMC9652507 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) has been prescribed as a therapeutic herb for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We previously conducted a preliminary study of the anti-inflammatory effect of OD, and the purpose of this study is to further investigate its mechanism. METHODS We performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of synovium, identified the differentially expressed proteins, and performed bioinformatics analyses. With the help of network pharmacology, we aimed to find the key synovial proteins which OD or its key compound might influence. To verify the result, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to quantify and qualify the absorbable potential compounds of OD. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by morphological, histopathological, and cytokine analyses. Target proteins were observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS MMP3 and CAV1 were identified as 2 of the differentially expressed proteins in RA synovium, and might be influenced by quercetin, the active compound of OD. MMP3 might be altered through atherosclerosis signaling, while CAV1 might be altered through caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling. According to our verification, quercetin was identified as the absorbed and effective compound of OD, and it could exert an anti-inflammatory effect on the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, including serum cytokine expression, synovial hyperplasia and lymphocyte infiltration, articular cartilage lesion. Quercetin could also down-regulate the synovial expression of MMP3 and CAV1, and could exert better effects at a high dose. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin was the main active compound of OD in the treatment of RA. OD might alleviate inflammatory responses in CIA rats by suppressing the expression of MMP3 and CAV1 through quercetin, and at a high dose, quercetin could exert a better anti-inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin-Gui Xiong
- Institute of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of General Practice, Dushu Lake Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui-Chun Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-Juan Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Exploring the Protective Effects and Mechanism of Huaji Jianpi Decoction against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5440347. [PMID: 36199550 PMCID: PMC9529445 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5440347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper was designed to predict the mechanisms of the active components of Huaji Jianpi Decoction (HJJPD) against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on network pharmacology-combined animal experiments. The candidate compounds of HJJPD and its relative targets were obtained from TCMSP and PharmMapper web server, and the intersection genes for NAFLD were discerned using OMIM, GeneCards, and DisGeNET. Then, the target protein-protein interaction (PPI) and component-target-pathway networks were constructed. Moreover, gene function annotation (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to study the potential signaling pathways associated with HJJPD’s effect on NAFLD. Molecular docking simulation was preformed to validate the binding affinity between potential core components and key targets. Eventually, the candidate targets, the possible pathway, and the mechanism of HJJPD were predicted by the network pharmacology-based strategy, followed by experimental validation in the NAFLD mice model treated with HJJPD. A total of 55 candidate compounds and 36 corresponding genes were identified from HJJPD that are associated with activity against NAFLD, and then the network of them was constructed. Inflammatory response and lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways were identified as the critical signaling pathways mediating the therapeutic effect of the active bioactive ingredients on NAFLD. Compared with the model group, the liver wet weight, liver/body ratio, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum in the HJJPD low-dose (17.52 g/kg·d), medium-dose (35.04 g/kg·d), and high-dose (70.07 g/kg·d) groups significantly decreased (
). Light microscope observation shows that HJJPD could control the degree of lipid denaturation of the mouse liver tissue to a great extent. RT-qPCR results show that the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma (PPARG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), antiserine/threonine protein kinase 1 (AKT1), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS2) in the liver tissues of the three HJJPD groups (17.52 g/kg·d, 35.04 g/kg·d, and 70.07 g/kg·d) were significantly lower than those in the model group (
). HJJPD can exert its effect by inhibiting hepatic steatosis and related mRNA expression and decreasing the levels of other liver-related indexes. This study suggested that HJJPD exerted its effect on NAFLD by modulating multitargets with multicompounds through multipathways. It also demonstrated that the network pharmacology-based approach might provide insights for understanding the interrelationship between complex diseases and interventions of HJJPD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu J, Pan L. Study on the effect of Pogostemon cablin Benth on skin aging based on network pharmacology. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2022; 18:CAD-EPUB-126079. [PMID: 36056869 DOI: 10.2174/1573409918666220901120750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there is still little research on the anti-aging effect of Pogostemon cablin Benth (PCB) on human skin. In this paper, the mechanism of anti-aging effect of PCB on human skin was studied by using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. OBJECTIVE To analyze the pharmacological mechanism of PCB in the treatment of skin aging, so as to provide reference for new drug development and clinical application. METHODS Active ingredients and related targets of PCB and skin aging-related disease targets are obtained through public databases, and the "drug-disease-target" and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagrams were constructed with the help of software to screen the core targets; Then GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed on the target; Finally, the molecular docking between the components and the targets were verified. RESULTS After screening, 112 intersection targets of active compounds of skin aging and PCB were obtained. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, it is found that these biological processes mainly focus on epithelial cell proliferation, aging, growth factors, longevity regulation pathway, cancer pathway, AGE-RAGE signal pathway, PI3K Akt signal pathway and IL-17 signal pathway. The molecular docking results showed that quercetin, apigenin, irisnepalensis isoflavone, 3,23-dihydroxy-12-oleorene-28-oleic acid, 5-hydroxy-7,4'- dimethoxyflavone and other major compounds were connected with TP53, JUN, HSP90AAL, AKT1 and MAPK1 through hydrogen bonds, and there was high binding energy between them. CONCLUSION Through multi-target prediction and molecular docking verification, it shows that PCB provides a strong effect in the treatment of skin aging, which provides a reference for its further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiting Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Pan
- Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei Y, Yu N, Wang Z, Hao Y, Wang Z, Yang Z, Liu J, Wang J. Analysis of the multi-physiological and functional mechanism of wheat alkylresorcinols based on reverse molecular docking and network pharmacology. Food Funct 2022; 13:9091-9107. [PMID: 35943408 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are phenolic lipids present in the bran part of whole grain wheat and rye, which possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-tumor properties. The physiological activities of ARs have been proven to be diverse; however, the specific molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, reverse virtual screening and network pharmacology were used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of the physiological function of ARs and their endogenous metabolites. The Metascape database was used for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to investigate the interactions between active compounds and potential targets. The results showed that the bioavailability of most ARs and their endogenous metabolites was 0.55 and 0.56, while the bioavailability of certain endogenous metabolites was only 0.11. Multiplex analysis was used to screen 73 important targets and 4 core targets (namely, HSP90AA1, EP300, HSP90AB1 and ERBB2) out of the 163 initial targets. The important targets involved in the key KEGG pathway were pathways in cancer (hsa05200), lipid and atherosclerosis (hsa05417), Th17 cell differentiation (hsa04659), chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation (hsa05207), and prostate cancer (hsa05215). The compounds involved in the core targets were AR-C21, AR-C19, AR-C17, 3,5-DHPHTA-S, 3,5-DHPHTA-G, 3,5-DHPPTA, 3,5-DHPPTA-S, 3,5-DHPPTA-G, 3,5-DHPPTA-Gly and 3,5-DHPPA-G. The interaction force between them was mainly related to hydrogen bonds and van der Waals. Overall, the physiological activities of ARs are not only related to their multiple targets, but may also be related to the synergistic effect of their endogenous metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wei
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Ning Yu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yiming Hao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Zongwei Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Zihui Yang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pei H, Zeng J, Chen W, He Z, Du R. Network pharmacology and molecular docking integrated strategy to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of palmatine in Alzheimer's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23200. [PMID: 35997646 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The key molecular mechanism of palmatine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was investigated in this article. METHODS Network pharmacology techniques constructed drug-target-disease relationship networks and predictive pathways of action. At the cellular level, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce Raw 264.7 cells to establish an inflammation model, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α indicators were examined. Apoptosis was detected using Hoechst 33258. At the animal level, LPS was used to induce AD animal model, and behavioral performance were examined by water maze, and serum biochemical indexes were measured by ELISA. And the expression of PI3K and P-AKT was observed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, molecular level validation was performed using the molecular docking technique. RESULTS The result of Network pharmacological was predicted that palmatine may treat AD mainly through the PI3K pathway. Palmatine has no significant effect on Raw264.7 cells viability within 0.05 mg/ml, Palmatine can significantly induce Raw264.7 cells to secret IL-6 and IL1-β in a concentration-dependent manner, but it has not obvious impact on NO and TNF-α. Palmatine has a significant restorative effect on the cell viability of Raw264.7 in a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Palmatine can be concentration-dependent to downregulate the secretion of LPS-induced IL-6. At the same time, Palmatine also has a significant effect on the level of TNF-α induced by LPS, it also can slightly downregulate the secretion of IL-1β. The results of Hoechst33258 showed that cells in the 0.025 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml delivery groups increased with different degrees of bright blue fluorescence, and apoptosis rate decreased. Animal experiments showed that palmatine effectively improved the learning and memory ability of AD mice. The immunohistochemical results exhibited that the expression of PI3K and P-AKT in the model group decreased, but they were obvious reversed by palmatine The molecular docking results showed that palmatine and key targets had good docking, among which the binding to ERBB2, CDC42, MDM2, and mTOR was the most likely. CONCLUSION Palmatine has neuroprotective effects. Palmatine could effectively ameliorate memory impairment in AD mice by promoting the PI3K-AKT pathway. Molecular docking results showed that palmatine has a better binding ability with mTOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianning Zeng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Du
- Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mechanism of Zhinao Capsule in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Docking Validation. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5708769. [PMID: 36032542 PMCID: PMC9410932 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5708769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the active components of Zhinao capsule (ZNC) and the targets in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) so as to investigate and explore the mechanism of ZNC for AD. Methods The active components and targets of ZNC were determined from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database (TCMSP). The target genes of AD were searched for in GeneCards. Cytoscape was used to construct an herb-component-target-disease network. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the OmicShare. UCSF Chimera and SwissDock were used for molecular docking verification. Finally, four key target genes were validated by Western blotting. Results In total, 55 active components, 287 targets of active components, 1197 disease genes, and 134 common genes were screened, which were significantly enriched in 3975 terms of biological processes (BP), 284 terms of cellular components (CC), 433 terms of molecular functions (MF), and 245 signaling pathways. Caspase-3 (CASP3) and beta-sitosterol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and quercetin, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and baicalein, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and quercetin showed good-to-better docking. Moreover, ZNC not only downregulated CASP3 and TNF-α protein expression but also upregulated the protein expression of VEGFA and MAPK1. Conclusions The active components of ZNC, such as beta-sitosterol, quercetin, and baicalein may act on multiple targets like CASP3, VEGFA, MAPK1, and TNF-α to affect T cell receptor (TCR), TNF, and MAPK signaling pathway, thereby achieving the treatment of AD. This study provides a scientific basis for further exploring the potential mechanism of ZNC in the treatment of AD and a reference for its clinical application.
Collapse
|
22
|
Multiple Mechanisms of Shenqi Pill in Treating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2384140. [PMID: 35795275 PMCID: PMC9251097 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2384140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Shenqi pill (SQP), a traditional Chinese prescription, has proven to be effective in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its bioactive ingredients and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Aim We aimed to predict the active compounds, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of SQP anti-NAFLD by applying network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Methods Active ingredients and related targets of SQP were obtained from the TCMSP database. Potential targets of NAFLD were acquired from OMIM and GeneCards databases. The STRING database and Cytoscape software analyzed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and core targets of overlapping genes between SQP and NAFLD. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed in the DAVID database. Finally, molecular docking was employed to find possible binding conformations of macromolecular targets. Results 15 anti-NAFLD bioactive ingredients and 99 anti-NAFLD potential targets of SQP were determined using Network pharmacology. Quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, diosgenin, and tetrahydroalstonine were the major active ingredients and AKT1, TNF, MAPK8, IL-6, and VEGFA were the key target proteins against NAFLD. The KEGG analysis suggested that the main pathways included PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking predicted that quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, diosgenin, and tetrahydroalstonine could bind with AKT1, TNF, and MAPK8. Conclusion This study successfully predicts the active compounds, potential targets, and signaling pathways of SQP against NAFLD. Moreover, this study contributed to the application and development of SQP.
Collapse
|
23
|
Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of Bushao Tiaozhi capsule (BSTZC) on hyperlipidemia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6992. [PMID: 35484204 PMCID: PMC9051129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushao Tiaozhi Capsule (BSTZC) is a novel drug in China that is used in clinical practice and has significant therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia (HLP). In our previous study, BSTZC has a good regulatory effect on lipid metabolism of HLP rats. However, its bioactive compounds, potential targets, and underlying mechanism remain largely unclear. We extracted the active ingredients and targets in BSTZC from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and literature mining. Subsequently, core ingredients, potential targets, and signaling pathways were determined through bioinformatics analysis, including constructed Drug-Ingredient-Gene symbols-Disease (D-I-G-D), protein–protein interaction (PPI), the Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, the reliability of the core targets was evaluated using in vivo studies. A total of 36 bioactive ingredients and 209 gene targets were identified in BSTZC. The network analysis revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, isorhamnetin, baicalein and luteolin may be the core ingredients. The 26 core targets of BSTZC, including IL-6, TNF, VEGFA, and CASP3, were considered potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the treatment of HLP by BSTZC might be related to lipopolysaccharide, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The pathway analysis showed enrichment for different pathways like MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic, IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. In this study, network pharmacology analysis, and experiment verification were combined, and revealed that BSTZC may regulate key inflammatory markers and apoptosis for ameliorating HLP.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu SS, Hao LJ, Shi YY, Lu ZJ, Yu JL, Jiang SQ, Liu QL, Wang T, Guo SY, Li P, Li F. Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis on the Effects and Mechanism of the Wang-Bi Capsule for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7825-7836. [PMID: 35284738 PMCID: PMC8908527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wang-Bi capsule (WB) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based herbal formula, and it has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China for many years. Additionally, WB is also used as a supplement to the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in clinical practice. Our research aimed to reveal the therapeutic effects and underling mechanism of WB on RA and OA through computational system pharmacology analysis and experimental study. Based on network pharmacology analysis, a total of 173 bioactive compounds interacted with 417 common gene targets related to WB, RA, and OA, which mainly involved the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In addition, the serine-threonine protein kinase 1 (AKT1) might be a core gene protein for the action of WB, which was further emphasized by molecular docking. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of WB in vitro was confirmed by reducing NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. The anti-RA and OA effects of WB in vivo were confirmed by ameliorating the disease symptoms of collagen II-induced RA (CIA) and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA (MIA) in rats, respectively. Furthermore, the role of the PI3K-Akt pathway in the action of WB was preliminarily verified by western blot analysis. In conclusion, our study elucidated that WB is a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of RA and OA, which might be achieved by regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway. It provides us with systematic insights into the effects and mechanism of WB on RA and OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Jun Hao
- School
of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhuo-Jian Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Si-Qi Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Ling Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal
Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Shi-Ying Guo
- China
Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Ping Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sette-de-Souza PH, Silva Bezerra WMD, Gomes Dantas MK, Santos Moura LM, Donato Duarte Filho ES, Lopes DS. Identification of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids multiple targets facing periodontopathogens. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105266. [PMID: 34699926 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play a substantial role in Periodontal Disease (PD) due to their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory actions. However, their antimicrobial mechanism of action against bacteria involved in PD remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the probable targets of EPA and DHA against the seven periodontopathogens. Through in silico analyses, the protein-acids interactions, protein characterization, and molecular docking were performed. We identified 165 proteins from periodontopathogens that may interact with EPA and DHA. Fusobacterium nucleatum has the highest number of predicted proteins among analyzed bacteria (n = 43, 26.06%). The EPA shows more interactions than DHA. The EPA and DHA interact mainly with proteins involved in the metabolism (n = 69, 41.81%). Also, the EPA and DHA interact with proteins located in any subcellular location. The affinities between acids and pathogenic proteins were moderate (binding energy was lower than -4.0 kcal/mol). The interactions between EPA and DHA and periodontopathogens occur in multiples proteins. There is not a predilection about the functional class of pathogenic proteins targeting EPA and DHA. However, there are moderate binding affinities between EPA or DHA and essential pathogenic proteins (TolC, CRISPR, FusA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza
- School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Arcoverde, Arcoverde, Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Socioambiental Development, Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Siqueira Lopes
- School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Arcoverde, Arcoverde, Pernambuco, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Network Pharmacology-Based Study of the Underlying Mechanisms of Huangqi Sijunzi Decoction for Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6480381. [PMID: 34650613 PMCID: PMC8510793 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6480381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Huangqi Sijunzi decoction (HQSJZD) is a commonly used conventional Chinese herbal medicine prescription for invigorating Qi, tonifying Yang, and removing dampness. Modern pharmacology and clinical applications of HQSJZD have shown that it has a certain curative effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods The active components and targets of HQSJZD were searched in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The genes corresponding to the targets were retrieved using UniProt and GeneCard database. The herb-compound-target network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed by Cytoscape. The core targets of HQSJZD were analysed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The main active compounds of HQSJZD were docked with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In vitro experiments were conducted to detect the inhibitory and neuroprotective effects of AChE. Results Compound-target network mainly contained 132 compounds and 255 corresponding targets. The main compounds contained quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, isorhamnetin, hederagenin, and calycosin. Key targets contained AChE, PTGS2, PPARG, IL-1B, GSK3B, etc. There were 1708 GO items in GO enrichment analysis and 310 signalling pathways in KEGG, mainly including the cAMP signalling pathway, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathway, serotonergic synapses, the calcium signalling pathway, type II diabetes mellitus, arginine and proline metabolism, and the longevity regulating pathway. Molecular docking showed that hederagenin and formononetin were the top 2 compounds of HQSJZD, which had a high affinity with AChE. And formononetin has a good neuroprotective effect, which can improve the oxidative damage of nerve cells. Conclusion HQSJZD was found to have the potential to treat AD by targeting multiple AD-related targets. Formononetin and hederagenin in HQSJZD may regulate multiple signalling pathways through AChE, which might play a therapeutic role in AD.
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo YX, Zhang Y, Gao YH, Deng SY, Wang LM, Li CQ, Li X. Role of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Review of the Treatment Potential and Development Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639651. [PMID: 34262447 PMCID: PMC8273381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is mainly mediated by pathological T-cells. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-known animal model of MS that is used to study the underlying mechanism and offers a theoretical basis for developing a novel therapy for MS. Good therapeutic effects have been observed after the administration of natural compounds and their derivatives as treatments for EAE. However, there has been a severe lag in the research and development of drug mechanisms related to MS. This review examines natural products that have the potential to effectively treat MS. The relevant data were consulted in order to elucidate the regulated mechanisms acting upon EAE by the flavonoids, glycosides, and triterpenoids derived from natural products. In addition, novel technologies such as network pharmacology, molecular docking, and high-throughput screening have been gradually applied in natural product development. The information provided herein can help improve targeting and timeliness for determining the specific mechanisms involved in natural medicine treatment and lay a foundation for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Han Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si-Ying Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cui-Qin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu J, Wang F, Sheng P, Xia Z, Jiang Y, Yan BC. A network-based method for mechanistic investigation and neuroprotective effect on treatment of tanshinone Ⅰ against ischemic stroke in mouse. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113923. [PMID: 33617968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tanshinone-Ⅰ (TSNⅠ), a member of the mainly active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Dan Shen), which is widely used for the treatment for modern clinical diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, has been reported to show the properties of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection and other pharmacological actions. However, whether TSNⅠ can improve neuron survival and neurological function against transient focal cerebral ischemia (tMCAO) in mice is still a blank field. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TSNⅠ on ischemic stroke (IS) induced by tMCAO in mice and explore the potential mechanism of TSNⅠ against IS by combining network pharmacology approach and experimental verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the pivotal candidate targets of TSNⅠ against IS were screened by network pharmacology firstly. Enrichment analysis and molecular docking of those targets were performed to identify the possible mechanism of TSNⅠ against IS. Afterwards, experiments were carried out to further verify the mechanism of TSNⅠ against IS. The infarct volume and neurological deficit were evaluated by 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Longa respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe neuronal death in the hippocampus and cortical regions by detecting the change of NeuN. The predicting pathways of signaling-related proteins were assessed by Western blot in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS In vivo, TSNⅠ was found to dose-dependently decrease mice's cerebral infarct volume induced by tMCAO. In vitro, pretreatment with TSNⅠ could increase cell viability of HT-22 cell following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD/R). Moreover, the results showed that 125 candidate targets were identified, Protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway was significantly enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 (MAPK1) and AKT1 could be bound to TSNⅠ more firmly by molecular docking analysis, which implies that TSNⅠ may play a role in neuroprotection through activating AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Meanwhile, TSNⅠ was confirmed to significantly protect neurons from injury induced by IS through activating AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study clarifies that the mechanism of TSNⅠ against IS might be related to AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, which may provide the basic evidence for further development and utilization of TSNⅠ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Fuxing Wang
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Peng Sheng
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Yao Y, Yang Y, Wu H. Investigation of Anti-SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 Effect of Jinhua Qinggan Granules Based on a Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Jinhua Qinggan Granules (JQGs) have achieved certain results in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in China during this coronavirus storm. In this study, we aimed to analyze the common mechanisms of JQG in the treatment of coronavirus-induced diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19 via network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods The active compounds of JQG were collected through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The common targets associated with these 3 diseases were screened from GeneCards database. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of JQG’s core targets were analyzed using The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery and KOBAS 3.0 system. Further, the protein-protein interaction network was built using STRING database. The compound-target- signaling pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2. The core components of JQG were docked with core targets, COVID-19 coronavirus 3 Cl hydrolase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via Discovery Studio 2016 software. Results A total of 139 active compounds, 50 core targets, and 122 signaling pathways were screened out. The results of molecular docking showed that arctiin and linarin had a higher docking score with 3 Cl, ACE2, and core targets of JQH for antiviral effect. Conclusion The potential mechanism of action of JHQ in the treatment of MERS, SARS, and COVID-19 may be associated with the regulation of genes co-expressed with ACE2 and immune- related signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Yao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang M, Yang J, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Zhu S. Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the active ingredients of qidengmingmu capsule for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7382. [PMID: 33795817 PMCID: PMC8016862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Qidengmingmu Capsule (QC) is a Chinese patent medicine used to treat DR, but the molecular mechanism of the treatment remains unknown. In this study, we identified and validated potential molecular mechanisms involved in the treatment of DR with QC via network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The results of Ingredient-DR Target Network showed that 134 common targets and 20 active ingredients of QC were involved. According to the results of enrichment analysis, 2307 biological processes and 40 pathways were related to the treatment effects. Most of these processes and pathways were important for cell survival and were associated with many key factors in DR, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), hypoxia-inducible factor-1A (HIF-1Α), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Based on the results of the PPI network and KEGG enrichment analyses, we selected AKT1, HIF-1α, VEGFA, TNFα and their corresponding active ingredients for molecular docking. According to the molecular docking results, several key targets of DR (including AKT1, HIF-1α, VEGFA, and TNFα) can form stable bonds with the corresponding active ingredients of QC. In conclusion, through network pharmacology methods, we found that potential biological mechanisms involved in the alleviation of DR by QC are related to multiple biological processes and signaling pathways. The molecular docking results also provide us with sound directions for further experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Zhang
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi Er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi Er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Lvyuan Road, Haidin District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi Er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi Er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Siquan Zhu
- Eye School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi Er Qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610036, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Network Pharmacology Strategy to Investigate the Pharmacological Mechanism of Siwu Decoction on Primary Dysmenorrhea and Molecular Docking Verification. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To study the pharmacological mechanisms of Siwu decoction (SWD) on primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) and verify with molecular docking. Methods. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was utilized to acquire the active compounds and their corresponding target genes. The GeneCards database was utilized in the search for target genes that were associated with PDM. The intersection genes from the active target genes of SWD and those associated with PDM represented the active target genes of SWD that act on PDM. The Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were both carried out by RGUI 3.6.1 and Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Cytoscape was also utilized for creating a compound-target network, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created through the STRING database. Molecular docking simulations of the macromolecular protein target receptors and their corresponding compounds were performed using AutoDockTool 1.5.6 and AutoDock Vina software. Results. We identified 14 active compounds as well as 97 active target genes of SWD by using the TCMSP. We compared the 97 active target genes of SWD to the 299 target genes related to PDM, and 23 active target genes for SWD that act on PDM which correlated with 11 active compounds were detected. The compound-target network as well as the PPI network were created, in addition to selecting the most essential compounds and their targets in order to create a key compound-target network. The most essential compounds were kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and myricanone. The key targets were AKT1, PTGS2, ESR1, AHR, CASP3, and PGR. Lastly, molecular docking was used to confirm binding of the target with its corresponding compound. Conclusion. The pharmacological mechanisms of SWD that act on PDM were investigated, and the active compounds in the SWD for treating PDM were further verified.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang W, Cao M, Zhang Y, Gu L, PuYang J, Liu M, Xia Q. Systems bioinformatic approach to determine the pharmacological mechanisms of radix astragali and radix angelicae sinensis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|