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Hsieh SL, Shih YW, Chiu YM, Tseng SF, Li CC, Wu CC. By-Products of the Black Soybean Sauce Manufacturing Process as Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Materials for Use as Functional Foods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122579. [PMID: 34961049 PMCID: PMC8709241 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential of by-products of the black bean fermented soybean sauce manufacturing process as new functional food materials, we prepared black bean steamed liquid lyophilized product (BBSLP) and analysed its antioxidant effects in vitro. RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured and treated with BBSLP for 24 h, and 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was then used for another 24 h to induce inflammation. The cellular antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response were then analysed. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in RAW264.7 macrophages was also analysed. Results showed BBSLP had 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS+) radical-scavenging abilities and reducing power in vitro. The levels of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were reduced after RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with BBSLP after LPS induction. After RAW264.7 macrophage treatment with BBSLP and induction by LPS, the levels of inflammatory molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α, decreased. NF-κB signaling activity was inhibited by reductions in IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB DNA-binding activity after RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with BBSLP after LPS induction. In conclusion, BBSLP has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities and can be a supplement material for functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Wen Shih
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Ming Chiu
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Tungs’ Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Feng Tseng
- Department of Quality Control and Research, Ta-Tung Soya Sauce Co. Ltd., Yunlin 64069, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-26328001 (ext. 15318)
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Zhang Q, Zhang W, Liu J, Yang H, Hu Y, Zhang M, Bai T, Chang F. Lysophosphatidylcholine promotes intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via an orphan G protein receptor 2-mediated signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4520-4535. [PMID: 34346841 PMCID: PMC8806654 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1956671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxLDL-based bioactive lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a key regulator of physiological processes including endothelial cell adhesion marker expression. This study explored the relationship between LPC and the human umbilical vein endothelial cell expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) with a particular focus on the regulation of the LPC-G2A-ICAM-1/VCAM-1 pathway in this context. We explored the LPC-inducible role of orphan G protein receptor 2 (G2A) in associated regulatory processes by using human kidney epithelial (HEK293) cells that had been transfected with pET-G2A, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in which an shRNA was used to knock down G2A, and western blotting and qPCR assays that were used to confirm changes in gene expression. For in vivo studies, a rabbit model of atherosclerosis was established, with serum biochemistry and histological staining approaches being used to assess pathological outcomes in these animals. The treatment of both HEK293 cells and HUVECs with LPC promoted ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 upregulation, while incubation at a pH of 6.8 suppressed such LPC-induced adhesion marker expression. Knocking down G2A by shRNA and inhibiting NF-κB activity yielded opposite outcomes. The application of a Gi protein inhibitor had no impact on LPC-induced ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression. Atherosclerotic model exhibited high circulating LDL and LPC levels as well as high aortic wall ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression. Overall, these results suggested that the LPC-G2A-ICAM-1/VCAM-1 pathway may contribute to the atherogenic activity of oxLDL, with NF-κB antagonists representing potentially viable therapeutic tools for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haisen Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tuya Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fuhou Chang
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Screening Engineering and Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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