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Wang B, Jiang H, Sun N, Wang Z, Wang C, Yang T, Wang Y, Wang L. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides ameliorate 5-FU-induced stress anemia via promoting extramedullary erythroblastic island central macrophage-mediated erythroid differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113061. [PMID: 39260313 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic anemia, especially chemotherapy-induced anemia, is a common and intractable symptom. Puzzlingly, the conventional anemic treatment may lead to various side effects, and the mechanism of stress anemia remains unclear. METHODS Here, peripheral blood, histopathological and transmission electron microscopical examination, colony forming test, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR assay were used to investigate the effects of Angelia sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), one main active ingredient of Chinese herb medicine Angelica sinensis, on ameliorating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced stress anemia. RESULTS We found that intraperitoneal injection to a C57BL/6J mouse ASP 100 mg/kg per day for consecutive 10 days or 14 days, remarkably accelerated the recovery of RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in blood. ASP alleviated 5-FU-caused impairment of bone marrow cell and BFU-E enumeration. Meanwhile, ASP antagonized 5-FU promoting extramedullary erythropoiesis in the spleen, inducing splenomegaly due to stress erythroblastic islands, and occurrence of megakaryocytes and hematopoietic precursors in splenic colonies. ASP increased splenic stress BFU-E enumeration, driving BFU-E differentiation towards Pro-E and end-stage erythroblasts. Furthermore, ASP increased the number of F4/80+VCAM-1+ splenic erythroblastic island central macrophages, upregulating genetic expression of EPOR, Emp, VCAM-1, Hmox-1, Trf, TfR1, Fpn1, Spi-C, DNase2a, Tim4, MertK, and Klf1 in splenocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the possible mechanism of chemotherapy-induced anemia is related to stress erythroid maturation arrest. Whereas, ASP may promote stress erythroid differentiation via elevated EPO sensitivity in extramedullary hematopoietic organs and enhanced macrophage-mediated adhesion, iron homeostasis and transfer, and nuclear engulfment, which may represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyao Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Honghui Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Nianci Sun
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Sun N, Wang Z, Jiang H, Wang B, Du K, Huang C, Wang C, Yang T, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang L. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides promote extramedullary stress erythropoiesis via ameliorating splenic glycolysis and EPO/STAT5 signaling-regulated macrophages. J Mol Histol 2024:10.1007/s10735-024-10219-z. [PMID: 38969952 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Conventional treatments exhibit various side effects on chronic stress anemia. Extramedullary stress erythropoiesis is a compensatory mechanism, which may effectively counteract anemia. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides (ASP) are the main active ingredient found in Angelica sinensis and exhibit antioxidant and hematopoietic effects. However, the effects of ASP on extramedullary stress erythropoiesis remain to be unclear. Here, we demonstrated the protective effects of ASP on chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced decline in peripheral blood parameters such as RBC counts, HGB, HCT, and MCH, and the decline of BFU-E colony enumeration in the bone marrow. Meanwhile, ASP promoted extramedullary erythropoiesis, increasing cellular proliferation in the splenic red pulp and cyclin D1 protein expression, abrogating phase G0/G1 arrest of c-kit+ cells in mouse spleen. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry further revealed that ASP increased macrophage chemokine Ccl2 genetic expression and the number of F4/80+ macrophages in the spleen. The colony-forming assay showed that ASP significantly increased splenic BFU-E. Furthermore, we found that ASP facilitated glycolytic genes including Hk2, Pgk1, Pkm, Pdk1, and Ldha via PI3K/Akt/HIF2α signaling in the spleen. Subsequently, ASP declined pro-proinflammatory factor IL-1β, whereas upregulating erythroid proliferation-associated genes Gdf15, Bmp4, Wnt2b, and Wnt8a. Moreover, ASP facilitated EPO/STAT5 signaling in splenic macrophages, thus enhancing erythroid lineage Gata2 genetic expression. Our study indicated that ASP may improve glycolysis, promoting the activity of splenic macrophages, subsequently promoting erythroid progenitor cell expansion. Additionally, ASP facilitates erythroid differentiation via macrophage-mediated EpoR/STAT5 signaling; suggesting it might be a promising strategy for stress anemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianci Sun
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Honghui Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kunhang Du
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Caihong Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Tian Y, Shen X, Hu T, Liang Z, Ding Y, Dai H, Liu X, Lu T, Yin F, Shu Y, Guo Z, Su L, Li L. Structural analysis and blood-enriching effects comparison based on biological potency of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405342. [PMID: 38953103 PMCID: PMC11215113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Angelica sinensis is a long-standing medicine used by Chinese medical practitioners and well-known for its blood-tonic and blood-activating effects. Ferulic acid, ligustilide, and eugenol in Angelica sinensis activate the blood circulation; however, the material basis of their blood-tonic effects needs to be further investigated. In this study, five homogeneous Angelica sinensis polysaccharides were isolated, and their sugar content, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and infrared characteristics determined. Acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) were used as inducers to establish a blood deficiency model in mice, and organ indices, haematological and biochemical parameters were measured in mice. Results of in vivo hematopoietic activity showed that Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (APS) could elevate erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interleukin-3 (IL-3) serum levels, reduce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in mice, and promote hematopoiesis in the body by regulating cytokine levels. Biological potency test results of the in vitro blood supplementation indicated strongest tonic activity for APS-H2O, and APS-0.4 has the weakest haemopoietic activity. The structures of APS-H2O and APS-0.4 were characterized, and the results showed that APS-H2O is an arabinogalactan glycan with a main chain consisting of α-1,3,5-Ara(f), α-1,5- Ara(f), β-1,4-Gal(p), and β-1,4-Gal(p)A, and two branched chains of β-t-Gal(p) and α-t-Glc(p) connected to each other in a (1→3) linkage to α-1,3,5-Ara(f) on the main chain. APS-0.4 is an acidic polysaccharide with galacturonic acid as the main chain, consisting of α-1,4-GalA, α-1,2-GalA, α-1,4-Gal, and β-1,4-Rha. In conclusion, APS-H2O can be used as a potential drug for blood replenishment in patients with blood deficiency, providing a basis for APS application in clinical treatment and health foods, as well as research and development of new polysaccharide-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorui Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huilian Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangzhou Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachun Shu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- China Resources Sanjiu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianlin Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Shen J, Qin H, Li K, Ding H, Chen X, Peng M, Jiang X, Han Y. The angelica Polysaccharide: a review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and beneficial effects on systemic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112025. [PMID: 38677093 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis is a perennial herb widely distributed around the world, and angelica polysaccharide (APS) is a polysaccharide extracted from Angelica sinensis. APS is one of the main active components of Angelica sinensis. A large number of studies have shown that APS has hematopoietic, promoting blood circulation, radiation resistance, lowering blood glucose, enhancing the body immunity and other pharmacological effects in a variety of diseases. However, different extraction methods and extraction sites greatly affect the efficacy of APS. In recent years, with the emerging of new technologies, there are more and more studies on the combined application and structural modification of APS. In order to promote the comprehensive development and in-depth application of APS, this narrative review systematically summarizes the effects of different drying methods and extraction sites on the biological activity of APS, and the application of APS in the treatment of diseases, hoping to provide a scientific basis for the experimental study and clinical application of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangkang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiqing Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xuehong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Meiyu Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Lin H, Chung M, Sun J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Pan X, Wei M, Cai S, Pan Y. Ganoderma spore lipid ameliorates docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy-induced damage to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoiesis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:158. [PMID: 38610025 PMCID: PMC11010295 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A triplet chemotherapy regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) is used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, it is toxic to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We previously demonstrated that Ganoderma spore lipid (GSL) protect BMSCs against cyclophosphamide toxicity. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of GSL against TPF-induced BMSCs and hematopoietic damage. METHODS BMSCs and C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, TPF, co-treatment (simultaneously treated with GSL and TPF for 2 days), and pre-treatment (treated with GSL for 7 days before 2 days of TPF treatment) groups. In vitro, morphology, phenotype, proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and differentiation of BMSCs were evaluated. In vivo, peripheral platelets (PLTs) and white blood cells (WBCs) from mouse venous blood were quantified. Bone marrow cells were isolated for hematopoietic colony-forming examination. RESULTS In vitro, GSL significantly alleviated TPF-induced damage to BMSCs compared with the TPF group, recovering their morphology, phenotype, proliferation, and differentiation capacity (p < 0.05). Annexin V/PI and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining showed that GSL inhibited apoptosis and delayed senescence in TPF-treated BMSCs (p < 0.05). GSL downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and reduced ROS formation (p < 0.05). In vivo, GSL restored the number of peripheral PLTs and WBCs and protected the colony-forming capacity of bone marrow cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GSL efficiently protected BMSCs from damage caused by TPF and recovered hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Lin
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manhon Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchun Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghui Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Sa Cai
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yu Pan
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Shen X, Wu Y, Chen P, Bai Y, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z. Anti-platelet aggregation activities of different grades of Angelica sinensis and their therapeutic mechanisms in rats with blood deficiency: insights from metabolomics and lipidomics analyses. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1230861. [PMID: 38235114 PMCID: PMC10791921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1230861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, the radix of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (RAS) is mainly used to replenish and invigorate the blood circulation. This study investigated anti-platelet aggregation activities were used by New Zealand rabbits, and high-performance liquid chromatography data were obtained to determine the spectrum-effect relationship for different commercial grades of RAS. Plasma and urine metabolites were examined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the role of these metabolites in a rat model of blood deficiency (BD). Plasma and spleen metabolites were additionally examined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography plus Q-Exactive tandem mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to clarify the mechanisms of RAS in treating BD. The third grade of RAS exhibited the best activity in replenishing and invigorating blood in vitro and in vivo. Ferulic acid, ligustilide, senkyunolide I, uridine, and guanine are quality markers of anti-platelet aggregation activity. Based on the metabolomics results, 19 potential biomarkers were screened in plasma, and 12 potential metabolites were detected in urine. In lipidomics analyses, 73 potential biomarkers were screened in plasma, and 112 potential biomarkers were screened in the spleen. RAS may restore lipid metabolism by regulating disorders of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism (thereby improving energy metabolism), and arachidonic acid metabolism (thereby promoting blood circulation). These results provide a deeper understanding of the effects of different grades of RAS and a scientific reference for the establishment of grading standards and for the clinical use of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Guo T, Huang L, He Z, Wang J, Mei H, Huang X, Wang K. Protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide on pregnant rats suffering from iron deficiency anemia via regulation of the hepcidin-FPN1 axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128016. [PMID: 37967601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common micronutrient deficiency among pregnant women with deleterious maternal and fetal outcomes. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) has been shown to reduce hepcidin expression in IDA rats. However, the role of ASP in the treatment of IDA during pregnancy and its potential mechanisms have not been investigated. Moreover, the effect of ASP on duodenal iron absorption is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive efficacy of ASP against IDA during pregnancy and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that ASP improved maternal hematological parameters, increased serum iron, maternal tissue iron, and fetal liver iron content, and improved pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, ASP combated oxidative stress caused by iron deficiency by improving the body's antioxidant capacity. Western blot results demonstrated that ASP downregulated hepcidin expression by blocking the BMP6/SMAD4, JAK2/STAT3 and TfR2/HFE signaling pathways, which in turn increased the expression of FPN1 in the liver, spleen, and duodenum and promoted iron cycling in the body. Furthermore, ASP increased the expression of DMT1 and Dcytb in the duodenum, thereby facilitating duodenal iron uptake. Our results suggest that ASP is a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of IDA during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zihao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
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