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Danpanichkul P, Chen VL, Tothanarungroj P, Kaewdech A, Kanjanakot Y, Fangsaard P, Wattanachayakul P, Duangsonk K, Kongarin S, Yang JD, Wong RJ, Noureddin M, Díaz LA, Arab JP, Liangpunsakul S, Wijarnpreecha K. Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated liver disease in adolescents and young adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 60:378-388. [PMID: 38828940 DOI: 10.1111/apt.18101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The objective of the study was to analyse the prevalence, incidence, and death of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) among adolescents and young adults globally, continentally, and nationally, focusing on trends over time. METHODS The study analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study between 2000 and 2019. It examined ALD's prevalence, incidence, and death in adolescents and young adults aged 15-29, segmented by region, nation, and sociodemographic index. The analysis utilised Joinpoint regression modelling to calculate the annual per cent change (APC) in the rate of these parameters over time. RESULTS In 2019, there were 281,450 ALD prevalences, 18,930 incidences, and 3190 deaths among adolescents and young adults globally. From 2000 to 2019, the age-adjusted prevalence rate per 100,000 increased in the 25-29 age group (APC: +0.6%, p = 0.003), remained stable among ages 20-24 (p = 0.302) and ages 15-19 (p = 0.160). Prevalence increased significantly from age 15-19 to 20-24 (19-fold increase) and from age 20-24 to 25-29 (2.5-fold increase). ALD prevalence rates increased in all age groups in adolescents and young adults in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean region. Around three-quarters of countries and territories experienced an increase in ALD incidence rates in young adults. CONCLUSION Over two decades, the burden of ALD among adolescents and young adults has increased globally. The study emphasises the importance of public health policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and preventing ALD among younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Apichat Kaewdech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Yatawee Kanjanakot
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Panisara Fangsaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA
| | | | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Ju Dong Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert J Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Gastroenterology Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Houston Research Institute and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, The District Of Columbia, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Banner-University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Buli BG, Lehtinen-Jacks S, Larm P, Nilsson KW, Hellström-Olsson C, Giannotta F. Trends in psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents and the role of lifestyle factors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:878. [PMID: 38515098 PMCID: PMC10958834 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental health problems are on the rise globally, including in Sweden. One indicator of this trend is increased psychosomatic symptoms (PSS) over time. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may influence the time trends in PSS; however, the evidence base is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time trends in PSS and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of 9,196 fifteen-year-old boys and girls in Sweden using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) symptom checklist. The sample comprised nearly equal proportions of girls (50.5%) and boys. The lifestyle factors examined in this study included PA, regular breakfast intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, or soft drinks, smoking, and alcohol drunkenness. We used data from 2002 to 2018 and stratified by family affluence scale (FAS) to demonstrate how the associations varied among the FAS groups. We fitted separate regression models for the high- and low-FAS groups, where interaction terms between the year of survey and each lifestyle factor were used to estimate the level and direction of associations between the factors and trends in PSS. RESULTS There was a generally increasing trend in PSS mean scores from 2.26 in 2002 to 2.49 in 2018 (p <.001). The changes in each survey year compared to the average mean scores during the preceding years were significant in all years except 2010. Regular breakfast intake, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and higher PA were associated with lower PSS mean scores, while smoking and drunkenness had opposite associations with PSS. The only significant interaction between survey year and the lifestyle factors was observed regarding drunkenness in the high FAS group, suggesting that the association between trends in PSS and the experience of getting drunk at least twice got stronger over time (B = 0.057; CI:0.016, 0.097; p <.01). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate increasing trends in PSS among young people in Sweden from 2002 to 2018, with a significant increase observed among adolescents in the high FAS group who reported getting drunk on at least two occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti Geleta Buli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent W Nilsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fabrizia Giannotta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, 721 23, Västerås, Box 883, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Sjödin L, Karlsson P, Raninen J. Psychosocial correlates of drinking transitions: A longitudinal study among adolescents in Sweden. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:643-653. [PMID: 36855294 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-drinkers have been shown in older studies to have poorer mental health and social life compared to their alcohol-using counterparts. Given the profound decline in adolescent drinking observed in most high-income countries, this pattern may have changed. This study explores drinking transitions and examines psychosocial factors among adolescents by longitudinal drinking status. METHODS Data were based on two waves of a prospective longitudinal nationwide study (n = 4018). The first wave (T1) of data was collected in 2017 (age 15/16) and the second wave (T2) was in 2019 (age 17/18). Respondents were asked about their past year drinking status, general health, psychosomatic problems, psychiatric medication, school enjoyment, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, prosocial ability, friendships satisfaction and satisfaction with relation to mother/father. Comparisons by mean values were assessed and multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations. RESULTS Abstainers and later drinkers differed significantly from early drinkers on 9/10 factors respectively at T1. Fewer psychosomatic problems, less psychiatric medication, higher school enjoyment, more emotional symptoms, higher parental relationship satisfaction, more peer problems and lower friendships satisfaction at T1 were associated with abstaining and/or later drinking. All factors were more strongly associated with abstaining. School enjoyment predicted abstaining but not later drinking. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal drinking status relates to small to moderate systematic psychosocial differences. Adolescents with better mental health, more content relationships with parents and lower friendships satisfaction are more often abstainers. Those generally worse off are more likely early drinkers but they also have better friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Sjödin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- La Trobe University, Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Melbourne, Australia
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Corre T, Barrense-Dias Y, Surís JC. The Growing Trend of Young People Abstaining from Drinking Alcohol: A Literature Review. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:77-84. [PMID: 36510814 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2148479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Youth alcohol use and misuse lead to adverse outcomes. However, the literature has not always associated complete abstinence with better health. Since recent literature indicates an increased proportion of young abstainers, the aim of this paper is to review the studies investigating this upward trend and the factors associated with it, such as socio-demographics, school performance, social life, physical and mental health, and parental influence. Methods: Different databases were searched and appropriated terms were used. Given that the trend has only emerged in recent years, the review was limited to papers published since 2000. A total of 970 papers were returned and 10 were retained for the present review. Results: All papers covered by the review acknowledge the existence of a new significant trend resulting in more young people in developed countries who are choosing to abstain completely from drinking alcohol. They are in good physical and mental health and perform better at school than their drinking peers. The quality of their social life, albeit slightly more limited than that of their drinking peers, appeared to be good. Conclusion: Young alcohol abstainers represent a group situated at the beginning of a continuum of alcohol consumption, they do well and are not very different from light drinkers. Alcohol abstinence at young age does not seem to have any downsides and should therefore be generally advised. To further promote such behavior, measures to encourage parental monitoring and more generous public expenditure on health services and family benefits should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Corre
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yara Barrense-Dias
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joan-Carles Surís
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hasan MM, Fatima Y, Cleary A, McDaid L, Munir K, Smith SS, Dias S, Baxter J, Mamun A. Geographical variations in the prevalence of traditional and cyberbullying and its additive role in psychological and somatic health complaints among adolescents in 38 European countries. J Psychosom Res 2023; 164:111103. [PMID: 36521322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore geographical variations in the prevalence of traditional and cyberbullying and their individual and additive role on psychological and somatic health issues of adolescents. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 188,003 adolescents (50.9% females; mean age 13.6 years) from the nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2014 survey in 38 European countries. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the role of bullying on health outcomes whilst meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled regression coefficients. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of traditional bullying was 26.9%, ranges from 8.8% in Armenia to 49.7% in Latvia, and cyberbullying was 15.8%, ranges from 5.8% in Greece to 38.3% in Greenland. 1 in 10 (8.4%) adolescents reported experiencing both forms of bullying, with the prevalence ranging from 2.5% (Greece) to 21.0% (Greenland). Meta-analytic estimates suggest a significant role of both traditional and cyberbullying in poor somatic and psychological health issues. The additive effect of both forms of bullying was more prominent on psychological health issues (β 0.70, 95% CI 0.66-0.74) than on somatic health issues (β 0.50, 95% CI 0.47-0.53). These associations varied across countries. CONCLUSION The prevalence of traditional and cyberbullying varied significantly across European countries while their individual and additive links with an increased risk of poor psychological and somatic health issues remain common in majority countries. To ensure both forms of bullying are prevented, a multifaceted approach and particular attention to mental health issues in bullying victims are needed in countries with high prevalence of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hasan
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia.
| | - Yaqoot Fatima
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia; Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne Cleary
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Lisa McDaid
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Kerim Munir
- Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simon S Smith
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Shannon Dias
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janeen Baxter
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia
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Stephenson M, Aliev F, Kuo SIC, Edwards AC, Pandey G, Su J, Kamarajan C, Dick D, Salvatore JE. The role of adolescent social relationships in promoting alcohol resistance: Interrupting the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1841-1855. [PMID: 36873306 PMCID: PMC9976711 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse, but not all individuals at high genetic risk develop problems. The present study examined adolescent relationships with parents, peers, and romantic partners as predictors of realized resistance, defined as high biological risk for disorder combined with a healthy outcome, to alcohol initiation, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Data were from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (N = 1,858; 49.9% female; mean age at baseline = 13.91 years). Genetic risk, indexed using family history density and polygenic risk scores for alcohol problems and AUD, was used to define alcohol resistance. Adolescent predictors included parent-child relationship quality, parental monitoring, peer drinking, romantic partner drinking, and social competence. There was little support for the hypothesis that social relationship factors would promote alcohol resistance, with the exception that higher father-child relationship quality was associated with higher resistance to alcohol initiation (β ^ = - 0.19 , 95% CI = -0.35, -0.03). Unexpectedly, social competence was associated with lower resistance to heavy episodic drinking (β ^ = 0.10 , 95% CI = 0.01, 0.20). This pattern of largely null effects underscores how little is known about resistance processes among those at high genetic risk for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Associations between Mental Resilience, Mood, Coping, Personality, and Hangover Severity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082240. [PMID: 35456334 PMCID: PMC9029171 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research exists on relationships between psychological constructs and alcohol consumption. However, research on relationships with hangover severity remains limited. This study aimed to assess the associations between mental resilience, mood (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), coping, personality, and hangover severity. A total of N = 690 participants completed an online survey by answering questions regarding their demographics, alcohol use, hangover prevalence and severity, and several psychological assessments (Brief Resilience Scale, DASS-21, Brief Cope, and Brief Version of the Big Five Personality Inventory). Significant associations were found between hangover severity and mental resilience, mood, and avoidant coping. Higher levels of mental resilience were associated with less severe hangovers, whereas poorer mood was associated with more severe hangovers. No significant associations were found with personality traits. These findings demonstrate that several associations between psychological constructs and hangover severity exist and suggest a role of psychological factors in the pathology of the alcohol hangover. As our findings contrast with the results of previous studies that did not report an association between mental resilience and the presence and severity of hangovers, further research is warranted.
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Raninen J, Larm P, Svensson J, Livingston M, Sjödin L, Karlsson P. Normalization of Non-Drinking? Health, School Situation and Social Relations among Swedish Ninth Graders That Drink and Do Not Drink Alcohol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11201. [PMID: 34769720 PMCID: PMC8583688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a major contributor to the disease burden among adolescents. The adolescent alcohol abstainer is still often depicted as problematic in the research literature and in prominent theoretical frameworks. However, over the past two decades, there has been a marked trend of declining youth drinking in Sweden. The declining trend has led to a shift in the majority behaviour of youth, from drinking to non-drinking. It is plausible that this trend has also shifted the position of non-drinkers. This paper examines the position of non-drinkers in a nationally representative sample of Swedish adolescents. A survey was carried out in 2017 in 500 randomly selected schools. A total of 5549 respondents (15-16-year-olds) agreed to participate and answered the questionnaire. A minority (42.8%) had consumed alcohol during their lifetime. The results show that non-drinkers had better health and school performance when compared to drinkers. The results also showed that there were no differences in the social position between non-drinkers and drinkers. These findings are new and indicate a changed position of non-drinkers among Swedish adolescents. With non-drinking being the majority behaviour among Swedish adolescents this seems to have shifted the position of non-drinkers. There is a need for research on the long-term importance of not drinking during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), 116 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.R.); (J.S.)
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.); (L.S.)
- Unit of Social Work, School of Social Sciences, Södertörn University, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Johan Svensson
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), 116 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.R.); (J.S.)
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.); (L.S.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Michael Livingston
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.); (L.S.)
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lars Sjödin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sæther SMM, Knapstad M, Askeland KG, Skogen JC. Alcohol consumption, life satisfaction and mental health among Norwegian college and university students. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 10:100216. [PMID: 31692685 PMCID: PMC6806384 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-level alcohol consumption is common in, and central to, the student community. Among adults, high-level alcohol consumption, and sometimes also low, has been associated with poorer social integration and mental health. We aimed to investigate how alcohol consumption relates to life satisfaction and mental health among students in higher education. METHODS Data from the Norwegian study of students' health and well-being (SHoT, 2014, n = 9632) were used. Associations between alcohol consumption (AUDIT; abstainers, low risk, risky and hazardous consumption) and life satisfaction and mental health complaints, as well as number of close friends, and social and emotional loneliness were investigated using linear regression models. Crude models and models adjusted for age, gender and relationship status were conducted. RESULTS Students reporting hazardous consumption reported lower life satisfaction, more mental health complaints, and more emotional and social loneliness than students with low risk consumption. Students reporting risky consumption reported slightly reduced life satisfaction and more mental health complaints, but more close friends and less social loneliness. Abstainers did not report reduced life satisfaction or more mental health complaints, despite reporting fewer close friends and more social loneliness. CONCLUSION High-level alcohol consumption among students might indicate increased risk of several problems in the future - but also currently. Our findings further imply that the quality of friendships might be more important for life satisfaction and mental health than the number of friends, but also that social integration in student communities might be more difficult for students who do not drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solbjørg Makalani Myrtveit Sæther
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Knapstad
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway (KoRFor), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Butler A, Romano I, Patte K, Ferro MA, de Groh M, Jiang Y, Leatherdale ST. Psychological correlates and binge drinking behaviours among Canadian youth: a cross-sectional analysis of the mental health pilot data from the COMPASS study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028558. [PMID: 31256035 PMCID: PMC6609040 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine associations between depression, anxiety and binge drinking among a large sample of Canadian youth, while testing the moderating effect of flourishing. This research uses data from the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, Sedentary Behaviour (COMPASS) study (2012-2021) with a large sample size collecting data on youth health behaviours within Canadian secondary schools. DESIGN Cross-sectional SETTING: 14 secondary schools across Ontario and British Columbia, Canada. PARTICIPANTS A sample of grade 9-12 students (n=6570) who participated in the Mental Health pilot of the COMPASS study PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported questionnaires assessed student binge drinking behaviours (5≥drinks), symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Revised)-10 scores≥10) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale scores≥10), and flourishing (Diener's Flourishing Scale: 8-40). RESULTS In our sample of 6570 students, 37.0% of students reported binge drinking in the last year, and 41.4% and 31.7% of students report clinically-relevant symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Anxiety (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.57, (99% CI 0.15 to 2.22)) and depression (AOR: 1.98, (99% CI 0.76 to 5.13)) symptoms were not found to be associated with binge drinking and we did not detect any moderating role of flourishing. Rather, factors that were associated with increased odds of binge drinking included sports team participation (AOR: 1.67, (99% CI 1.37 to 2.03)) and use of other substances (tobacco (AOR: 3.00, (99% CI 2.12 to 4.25)) and cannabis (AOR: 7.76, (99% CI 6.36 to 9.46))). Similar associations were found for frequency of binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with existing literature, binge drinking behaviours were problematic, as well as clinically-relevant symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, mental health problems and well-being may not be responsible for explaining patterns of binge drinking in youth. Targeted intervention efforts towards student athletes and concurrent substance users are necessary for addressing binge drinking in youth populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Butler
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Romano
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Johannessen EL, Andersson HW, Bjørngaard JH, Pape K. Anxiety and depression symptoms and alcohol use among adolescents - a cross sectional study of Norwegian secondary school students. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:494. [PMID: 28535753 PMCID: PMC5442592 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the associations between symptoms of anxiety and depression and alcohol drinking behavior among adolescents, by focusing on the importance of symptom load, as well as gender differences. Methods Data was derived from a cross-sectional school based survey among adolescents in upper secondary schools in Norway. Among other variables adolescents reported on symptoms of anxiety and depression, time of onset and extent of alcohol use. The sample consisted of 6238 adolescents aged 16–18 years. We estimated prevalence of alcohol drinking behaviors in relation to severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results Higher levels of depression symptoms were associated with earlier onset of alcohol use, more frequent consumption and intoxications. The associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and early drinking onset were stronger for girls than for boys. Higher levels of anxiety symptoms were only associated with alcohol consumption among girls. Conclusions Boys and girls with depressive symptoms and girls with anxiety symptoms are more likely to have unhealthy patterns of alcohol drinking. Preventive strategies at all levels could possibly profit from a common approach to mental health and alcohol use, in particular for girls in mid-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helle Wessel Andersson
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Forensic Department and Research Centre Bröset, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Pape
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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12
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Bailly D. [The adolescent abstainers: A risk group?]. Encephale 2016; 43:480-485. [PMID: 27693044 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE If abstinence from substance in adolescents may nowadays be regarded statistically as a deviant behavior, what is its significance from a developmental point of view? The aim of this article is to examine the mental health characteristics and the social integration of adolescent abstainers. METHODS A comprehensive literature review of epidemiological studies including data on adolescent abstainers was conducted. RESULTS Compared to the abundant literature devoted to adolescent substance abusers, few studies report data on adolescent abstainers. In addition, many methodological problems limit their interpretability and their comparison. However that may be, this body of work suggests that if abstinence may be due to something intrinsic about the individual (such as psychosocial adjustment difficulties, personality traits or gender), many other environmental factors (such as family background of temperance, cultural practices, upbringing or religion) may determine abstaining behavior. By this way, from a psychopathological angle, adolescent abstainers certainly constitute a more heterogeneous group than the adolescent substance abusers. Some of them are quite psychologically healthy, whereas others are more socially withdrawn and may suffer from emotional disorders. CONCLUSION In terms of prevention, these data highlight the need for longitudinal prospective studies examining the psychosocial status of adolescent abstainers, their antecedents, their outcome and their motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bailly
- Pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, AP-HM, 270, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13374 Marseille cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille université, 13284 Marseille, France.
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13
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Fridh M, Lindström M, Rosvall M. Subjective health complaints in adolescent victims of cyber harassment: moderation through support from parents/friends - a Swedish population-based study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:949. [PMID: 26399422 PMCID: PMC4581473 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Victimization in cyberspace has emerged as a new public health issue among the young. The main purpose of this study was to analyze associations between cyber victimization defined as cyber harassment (CH) (a somewhat broader concept than cyberbullying) and subjective health complaints (SHC), to study whether these associations were modified by parental/friend support (measured as communication), and to explore the influence of traditional bullying victimization (TBV) on the association between CH and SHC. Methods The study population consisted of 8544 students in 9th grade (around 15 years old) who participated in the 2012 Scania public health survey of children and adolescents. The survey was a cross-sectional total-population study conducted in school, with a response rate of 83 %. Main and interaction (stress-buffering) effects of social support on the relationship between CH and SCH were investigated by hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders, including TBV. Results The past-year prevalence of CH (once or several times) was 14 % among boys and 20 % among girls. Having been cyber harassed once or several times during the past year was associated with higher levels of SHC, controlling for age, parental occupation, parental origin, daily smoking, intense alcohol consumption, and disability. Among both boys and girls, the associations were stronger for CH occurring several times than for CH occurring only once. Main effects of parental/friend support were seen for both boys and girls, while stress-buffering effects were indicated for boys only. Additional analysis further adjusting for TBV did not change the associations substantially, indicating that CH has an effect of its own on SHC. Conclusion Intervention programs aimed at improving the quality of peer and family relationships among children and adolescents might reduce the incidence of both cyber harassment and traditional bullying and lower the prevalence of psychosomatic complaints. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2239-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fridh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Health Policy, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Martin Lindström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Health Policy, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University School of Economics and Management, SE-220 07, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Maria Rosvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Health Policy, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University School of Economics and Management, SE-220 07, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Johansson K, San Sebastian M, Hammarström A, Gustafsson PE. Neighbourhood disadvantage and individual adversities in adolescence and total alcohol consumption up to mid-life-Results from the Northern Swedish Cohort. Health Place 2015; 33:187-94. [PMID: 25841093 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study tests if neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and family social and material adversities during adolescence are independently related to total alcohol consumption from adolescence through to mid-life. Self-reports from the Northern Swedish Cohort (effective sample=950) at ages 16, 18, 21, 30 and 42 was combined with register data on the socioeconomic composition of neighbourhoods at age 16. Total volume of alcohol consumed between age 16-42 was estimated based on the five survey waves, and self-reported social and material adversities were computed as composite variables. Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage at age 16 was associated with alcohol consumption age 16-42 for men but not for women. Social adversities at age 16 were associated with alcohol consumption age 16-42 for both women and men, but material adversity or parental class was not. In conclusion, neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage in adolescence has a significant relationship with later alcohol consumption among men, even independently from individual factors. On family level, social factors but not socioeconomic factors in adolescence independently predict later alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Johansson
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Family Medicine, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Miguel San Sebastian
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Social Medicine, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Per E Gustafsson
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Social Medicine, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
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15
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Bedendo A, Noto AR. Sports practices related to alcohol and tobacco use among high school students. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2015; 37:99-105. [PMID: 25714754 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana R. Noto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
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16
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Pesola F, Shelton KH, Heron J, Munafò M, Maughan B, Hickman M, van den Bree MB. The mediating role of deviant peers on the link between depressed mood and harmful drinking. J Adolesc Health 2015; 56:153-9. [PMID: 25620300 PMCID: PMC4961232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One's peer group can have a strong impact on depressed mood and harmful drinking in adolescence. It remains unclear whether affiliation with deviant peers explains the link between these traits. Our study aims to (1) explore the developmental relationship between harmful drinking and depressed mood in adolescence and (2) establish to which extent affiliation with deviant peers explains this relationship. METHODS A total of 4,863 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were assessed between the ages of 14 and 16 years. Harmful drinking was established using age-appropriate measures: the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism in mid-adolescence (age, 14 years) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in late adolescence (age, 16 years). Depressed mood was measured by the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire at both ages. Affiliation with deviant peers was assessed at the age of 15 years. RESULTS Harmful drinking at the age of 14 years predicted depressed mood 2 years later. This association was explained by affiliation with deviant peers and remained present even after adjustment for earlier depressed mood. Depressed mood at the age of 14 years predicted harmful drinking at the age of 16 years via affiliation with deviant peers; however, this indirect effect disappeared when adjusting for adolescents' earlier harmful alcohol use (age, 14 years). No gender differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who engage in early harmful drinking and subsequently become affiliated with a deviant peer group may be at particular risk of later depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pesola
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | | | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus Munafò
- Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK & MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Barbara Maughan
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marianne B.M. van den Bree
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK,Corresponding author: Marianne B.M. van den Bree, PhD, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Phone: 029 20688433.
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17
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Katainen A, Lehto AS, Maunu A. Adolescents' sense-making of alcohol-related risks: The role of drinking situations and social settings. Health (London) 2014; 19:542-58. [PMID: 25411165 DOI: 10.1177/1363459314557966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article explores how young people understand the risks of alcohol use and how these understandings are associated with differing drinking situations and social settings. By taking account of situational factors, the aim is to demonstrate how young people have highly nuanced notions of drinking styles that suit different drinking situations and of associated risks. The data for the research were gathered in 18 group interviews with Finnish ninth graders aged 14-15 years. Short film clips portraying young people in different drinking situations were used as stimulus material for the interviews. Data analysis focussed on the risk factors related to the social situations illustrated in the film clips. The results show that young people's risk assessments are not based on alcohol itself, but the magnitude of risk is estimated in relation to the social setting of the drinking situation. What is relevant for young people is whether the social situation allows them to make choices with which they feel comfortable. At the opposite pole of problem drinking was social drinking for the purpose of having fun together with other people in such a way that one remains in control of the drinking situation. From a prevention point of view, a key implication is that awareness of the risks is closely associated with situational and social factors. However, the awareness of those risks does not necessarily prevent young people from drinking because they may be accepted as part of the drinking experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antti Maunu
- EHYT - Finnish Association for Substance Abuse Prevention, Finland
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18
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Skogen JC, Sivertsen B, Lundervold AJ, Stormark KM, Jakobsen R, Hysing M. Alcohol and drug use among adolescents: and the co-occurrence of mental health problems. Ung@hordaland, a population-based study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005357. [PMID: 25245403 PMCID: PMC4173106 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of alcohol and drugs is prevalent among adolescents, but too little is known about the association between debut of alcohol and drug use, problematic use and concurrent mental health. The aim of the study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between debut of any alcohol or drug use and alcohol-related and drug-related problems and mental health. We also wanted to examine potential interactions between gender and age, and alcohol-related and drug-related variables. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Population-based sample of Norwegian adolescents. PARTICIPANTS Data stem from the large population-based ung@hordaland study (N=9203), where all adolescents aged 17-19 years living in Hordaland county (Norway) were invited to participate. The main independent variables were debut of alcohol and drug use, alcohol consumption and the presence of alcohol and drug problems as measured by CRAFFT. OUTCOMES The dependent variables were self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, inattention and hyperactivity. Statistical analyses included logistic regression models. RESULTS Debut of alcohol and drug use were associated with symptoms of depression, inattention and hyperactivity (crude ORs 1.69-2.38, p<0.001), while only debut of drug use was associated with increased symptoms of anxiety (OR=1.33, CI 95% 1.05 to 1.68, p=0.017). Alcohol-related and drug-related problems as measured by CRAFFT were associated with all mental health problems (crude ORs 1.68-3.24, p<0.001). There was little evidence of any substantial age or gender confounding on the estimated associations between alcohol-related and drug-related measures and mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS Early debut of alcohol and drug use and drug problems is consistently associated with more symptoms of mental health problems, indicating that these factors are an important general indicator of mental health in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Division of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Division of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
- Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Morten Stormark
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reidar Jakobsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
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Balogun O, Koyanagi A, Stickley A, Gilmour S, Shibuya K. Alcohol consumption and psychological distress in adolescents: a multi-country study. J Adolesc Health 2014; 54:228-34. [PMID: 24064281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between alcohol use and psychological distress among adolescents in a range of developing countries. METHODS Secondary data analysis of the Global School-Based Student Health Survey was conducted using nationally representative data from 12 developing countries: Botswana, Grenada, Indonesia, Kenya, Myanmar, the Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Seychelles, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uganda. The surveys were conducted between 2003 and 2008 and involved 32,001 adolescents primarily aged 13-15 years. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the association between alcohol use and psychological distress. RESULTS The prevalence of past 30-day alcohol use and lifetime drunkenness varied widely across countries, as did the occurrence of psychological distress (anxiety-induced sleeplessness and/or depression). The risk of psychological distress was significantly higher among adolescents when using alcohol in all countries except Myanmar. In nine of the 12 countries, past 30-day alcohol use was associated with psychological distress, while students who had been drunk at least once in their lifetime had an increased risk of experiencing psychological distress in 11 of the study countries. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents and the strength of the association with psychological distress present a major public health challenge in developing countries. The urgent need to reduce adolescent alcohol use necessitates the implementation of context- and culture-specific strategies that reduce the physical availability of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukunmi Balogun
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Reiter SF, Hjörleifsson S, Breidablik HJ, Meland E. Impact of divorce and loss of parental contact on health complaints among adolescents. J Public Health (Oxf) 2013; 35:278-85. [PMID: 23292092 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fds101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health consequences related to divorce have been documented, but might be caused by concomitant factors such as conflicts and loss of parental contact (PC). We investigated these relationships and mental health among adolescents. METHODS The study was based on data from four cross-sectional surveys carried out between 1997 and 2009 among tertiary school students in Førde, Norway. We established two groups according to divorce experience (DE) with or without loss of PC. Frequencies of DEs were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. The group with no DE was used as reference group in all the analyses. RESULTS The divorce rate increased by 34% (6.8% absolute increase) between 1997 and 2009, but no sign of attenuated effects on emotional health was observed. Mental complaints were not attenuated as time since divorce increased. A majority of those losing contact with parents had no contact with their fathers. The study revealed only a modest increase of health complaints if PC was preserved, but a marked increase when the adolescents experienced loss of PC following the divorce. Interaction analyses showed no gender differences, and parental support and confidence in parent(s) did not mediate the associations between divorce and distress. CONCLUSIONS Emotional distress after divorce is not attenuated as divorce prevalence increases, but the deleterious effects of divorce on the well-being of adolescents seem to be confined to those experiencing a concomitant loss of PC. Efforts aiming at reducing parental hostility and improving mutual parental responsibility and care therefore seem important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Frizell Reiter
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Post Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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Pape H. Young people's overestimation of peer substance use: an exaggerated phenomenon? Addiction 2012; 107:878-84. [PMID: 22324656 PMCID: PMC3509214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This paper queries the notion that young people overestimate peer substance use, asking whether there is robust evidence that such misperceptions are widespread and whether the phenomenon may have been exaggerated in the research literature. METHOD An examination of the research literature was conducted, focusing mainly on studies published since 2000. Some analyses of relevant data on cannabis use from a Norwegian youth survey were also undertaken. RESULTS The research in question is characterized by many weaknesses, including low response rates and widespread use of convenience samples, as well as the presence of contextual factors and the use of assessment tools that may have created a bias in favour of 'demonstrating' that youth overestimate peer drinking or drug use. Moreover, in some cases, the apparent tendency to hold such misbeliefs may reflect the reality. Further, although most studies conclude that the modal tendency is to overestimate, high levels of underestimation of peer substance use have been reported. There is also suggestive evidence that many youth may have no pre-existing beliefs when responding to items on the issue. Results from the Norwegian youth survey added to this picture. CONCLUSION Young people's tendency to overestimate peer drinking and drug use has been exaggerated, while the uncertainty surrounding the evidence in question has been understated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Pape
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway.
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Nygren K, Janlert U, Nygren L. Norm compliance and self-reported health among Swedish adolescents. Scand J Public Health 2011; 39:44-50. [PMID: 21266588 DOI: 10.1177/1403494810389846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examines the relationship between norm compliance and self-reported health in adolescents, and how this differs between genders. Our specific aim was to investigate if extremely high norm compliance revealed any particular health patterns. METHODS This empirical study used a web-based survey from 2005, which was distributed to all students (n = 5,066) in years 7-9 of compulsory school within six municipalities in northern Sweden. The respondents answered questions about their general health as well as specific health problems such as headaches, stomach ache, sleeping difficulties and stress. Compliance was measured according to different norm-related behaviour, such as truancy, crime and use of tobacco, alcohol and narcotics. RESULTS The majority of respondents reported good health and norm-compliant behaviour. Girls reported more health problems than boys, a difference that increased with age. Those who were more norm compliant reported better health, fewer somatic complaints and less stress, which goes against our initial hypothesis that extremely high norm compliance and self-reported ill-health are related. There seemed to be a stronger relationship between self-reported health and norm compliance for girls than boys, in absolute terms. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly show a relationship between norm compliance and health, and suggest inequalities between genders.
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Dahle T, Dalen HA, Meland E, Breidablik HJ. [Unwanted sexual experiences and health complaints among adolescents]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2010; 130:1912-6. [PMID: 20930878 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong indicators support a causal relationship between sexual assaults and impaired emotional health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of unwanted sexual experiences among adolescents and potential associations between such experiences and other health problems. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study is based on a survey among senior high school students in Førde in 2001. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between negative sexual experiences and emotional and somatic impairment. RESULTS 837 students participated, representing 93 % of the student mass. 7.5 % of the girls and 1.4 % of the boys had experienced a sexual assault. Students with such experiences reported earlier sexual debut and more alcohol intoxication in association with their sexual debut than students without negative experiences. They also had more depression, anxiety and somatic complaints than students without a sexual debut (beta values 0.15-0.18, p < 0.001 in the multivariable analyses). The associations were partly mediated by reduced parental support and lack of self-confidence. INTERPRETATION Health impairment is associated with earlier unwanted sexual experiences. The study indicates that such experiences may be prevented by consumption of less alcohol in association with the sexual debut, sexual debut at a higher age, and that the health consequences can be alleviated by parental support and the promotion of self-confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjørg Dahle
- Institutt for samfunnsmedisinske fag Forskningsgruppe for allmennmedisin, Kalfarveien 31, 5018 Bergen, Norway.
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Okulicz-Kozaryn K. Gender and family differences in adolescent's heavy alcohol use: the power-control theory perspective. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2010; 25:780-791. [PMID: 20513655 PMCID: PMC2936555 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyq032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
According to the power-control theory, growing independence of adolescent girls, manifest in more prevalent problem behaviors, may be explained by changes in family structure (increasing level of authority gained in the workplace by mothers). To verify this hypothesis, self-report data from Warsaw adolescents (N = 3087, age 14-15 years, 50% boys) were used. Results indicate that parenting practices differ across child gender and structure of parents' work authority. Girls, especially in patriarchal households, spend more time with mothers and perceive stronger maternal control. In egalitarian families, fathers tend to be more involved with sons than with daughters. When parental control, support and adolescents' risk preferences are controlled, the gender-by-household type interaction effect is observed--girls in patriarchal families have the lowest risk of getting drunk. Study results provide support for power-control theory showing the relationship between parental work authority and adolescent's heavy alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okulicz-Kozaryn
- Department of Psychology and Mental Heath Promotion, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland.
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Meland E, Rydning JH, Lobben S, Breidablik HJ, Ekeland TJ. Emotional, self-conceptual, and relational characteristics of bullies and the bullied. Scand J Public Health 2010; 38:359-67. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494810364563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To clarify distributions of emotional and somatic symptoms among different groups involved in bullying behaviour during early adolescence; to explore differences in social integration and self-perceptions; to explore how different cut-off limits for bullying behaviour may affect the impact of these measures; and to interpret our findings in the light of theories of identity that may suggest directions for interventions against bullying in schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study, based on self-completion questionnaire, of 1237 pupils aged 11—15 years in autumn 2000 in Ålesund, Norway. Results: Bullies and their victims reported similar and greater emotional impairments and psychosomatic complaints, lack of self-confidence, and pessimism than students not involved in bullying. With increasing involvement, bullies differed from non-involved students only in regard to depressive complaints and pessimism. The bullied group reported more depressive, somatic and anxiety complaints, and self-reproach with increasing victimisation. Both bullies and the bullied reported problems relating to school, parents, and teachers. Bullies enjoyed friendships to the same degree or better than their peers not involved in bullying, whereas the bullied group reported impaired peer relations and increasing problems with more serious involvement. Bullies, the bullied, and bully-victims reported diminishing peer support in their class with increasing involvement. Conclusions: Both the bullied and bullies share relational, emotional, and self-conceptual problems, but they also differ in whether they succeed in social arenas and to what extent they are affected by different emotional and self-conceptual problems. They are, however, fellow sufferers in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Meland
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for General Practice, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, N-5018 Bergen, Norway,
| | - Jan Henrik Rydning
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for General Practice, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, N-5018 Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Lobben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for General Practice, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, N-5018 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Johan Breidablik
- Department of Research and Development, District General Hospital of Førde, N-6800 Førde, Norway
| | - Tor-Johan Ekeland
- Department of Social Sciences, Volda University College, Postboks 500, N-6101 Volda, Norway
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Strandheim A, Holmen TL, Coombes L, Bentzen N. Alcohol use and physical health in adolescence: a general population survey of 8,983 young people in North-Trøndelag, Norway (the Young-HUNT study). Subst Use Misuse 2010; 45:253-65. [PMID: 20025452 DOI: 10.3109/10826080903080680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship between adolescents' alcohol use and physical health. DESIGN A total population, cross-sectional survey of adolescents, aged 13-19 years, attending secondary or high school in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. 8,983 youths (91%) answered the Young-Hunt questionnaire in the 1995-1997 HUNT-survey. METHOD Self-reported data mainly analyzed by logistic regression models. Findings 80% of the respondents had tried alcohol, and 29% reported more than 10 intoxications. Ill health perception was associated with frequent alcohol intoxications. Tension symptoms had the closest relationship to frequency of intoxications in both genders. Girls that frequently used health services had frequent alcohol intoxications. FUNDING Central Norway Regional Health and the County Council of Nord-Trøndelag. CONCLUSIONS There is a close association of physical health complaints and alcohol intoxication frequency in Norwegian teenagers. The study's limitations were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arve Strandheim
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Reingle J, Thombs DL, Weiler RM, Dodd VJ, O'Mara R, Pokorny SB. An exploratory study of bar and nightclub expectancies. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2009; 57:629-637. [PMID: 19433401 DOI: 10.3200/jach.57.6.629-638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors identified the principal components of bar and nightclub expectancy in college students and the associations between these factors and the risk behavior of night-clubbing. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4,384 undergraduates enrolled at a large, public university participated. METHODS In the first phase (July-September 2007), the authors collected preliminary data from a convenience sample. In the second phase (March 2008), the authors collected data from a separate probability sample. RESULTS A principal components analysis revealed 4 reliable and distinct expectancy factors. Regression analyses revealed that after adjusting for the effects of alcohol and demographic variables, expectancies explained a significant proportion of variance in bar/nightclub attendance. Different expectancy profiles distinguished high-frequency nightclubbers from the most common bar attendance practice and nonmonogamous nightclubbers from monogamous nightclubbers. CONCLUSIONS From a developmental perspective, nightclubbing appears to assist young adults with establishing and maintaining social networks, romantic and sexual relationships, and collegiate acculturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Reingle
- The Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Simões C, Batista-Foguet JM, Matos MG, Calmeiro L. Alcohol use and abuse in adolescence: proposal of an alternative analysis. Child Care Health Dev 2008; 34:291-301. [PMID: 18294257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A national, representative, school-based sample of Portuguese youths was used to examine the prevalence of alcohol use in this population and to analyse differences between demographic variables such as gender and age, as well as to propose a statistical procedure that optimally quantifies categorical variables. METHODS Data on 6109 state school students from Portugal, in the 6th, 8th and 10th grades, aged 11-18, who participated in the 2002 (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children/WHO) survey of adolescent health, were analysed. Adolescents aged between 11 and 14 were placed in the younger group, and those 15-18 years old were placed in the older group. Optimal scaling was used to optimize the computation of factor scores, which were subsequently submitted to multiple regression analysis in order to analyse the impact of gender and age on alcohol use. RESULTS The results of this study show that the majority of Portuguese school-aged adolescents attending regular school at 6th, 8th and 10th grades do not drink alcoholic beverages (beer, wine or spirits) on a regular basis (at least once a month). However, about 8% of these adolescents do drink beer, 3% do drink wine and 12% do drink spirits on a regular basis. With regard to age and gender, about a quarter of the older boys stated that they drink beer or spirits regularly. The multiple regression analysis showed that age and gender had a significant impact on alcohol use. CONCLUSION Alcohol - in particular spirits - is a substance used by some Portuguese adolescents. Alcohol use and abuse is more frequent in boys and increases with age. The importance of these findings for health promotion strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simões
- Technical University of Lisbon, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Niemelä SM, Sourander A, Poikolainen K, Elonheimo H, Helenius H, Sillanmäki L, Multimäki P, Parkkola K. ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND SERVICE USE AMONG 18-YEAR-OLD BOYS WITH DRUNKENNESS-RELATED ALCOHOL USE. Alcohol Alcohol 2006; 41:143-50. [PMID: 16396922 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agh261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the associations between drunkenness frequency and adaptive functioning, psychopathology and service use among 18-year-old Finnish boys in a nation-wide population-based study. METHODS Information about drunkenness frequency within the previous six months was collected from the Finnish boys born in 1981 (n = 2306) at the boys' obligatory military call-up in 1999. Self-report questionnaires were used to study demographic factors, adaptive functioning, risk behaviour, life events, and mental health service use. Psychopathology and adaptive functioning was assessed with the Young Adult Self-Report (YASR) questionnaire. RESULTS Of the boys, 85% reported drunkenness within the previous 6 months. Most of the subjects were occasionally drunk: 39% reported drunkenness less than a month, and 35% less than once a week, while 10% reported being frequently drunk once a week or more often. Occasional drunkenness was associated with better adaptive functioning and psychosocial well-being in general. Refraining from drunkenness was associated with suicidal ideation and internalizing problems in the YASR scale. Frequent drunkenness associated with daily smoking, illicit drug use, and externalizing problems in the YASR scale, especially delinquent behaviour. In the multivariate analysis, number of friends, having a regular relationship and cigarette smoking had a linear association with frequency of drunkenness, while drunkenness-related alcohol use was less common among those with poor friendship quality. Among the participants, entering substance use treatment was rare (0.2%). Frequent drunkenness was found to be common among mental health service users. CONCLUSIONS Among late-adolescent boys, occasional drunkenness is a normative alcohol use pattern and associates with social competence and good psychosocial functioning. Late-adolescent boys refraining from drunkenness in addition to those with frequent drunkenness may be in a need of mental health assessment. As entering substance use treatment is infrequent, establishing integrated services with multi-professional co-operation for late-adolescent males with frequent drunkenness is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solja M Niemelä
- Addiction Clinic at Turku Psychiatric Services, 20700 Turku, Finland.
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