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Holliman PJ, Connell A, Jones EW, Kershaw CP. Metal Oxide Oxidation Catalysts as Scaffolds for Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040949. [PMID: 32093276 PMCID: PMC7079644 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Whilst the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) perovskite solar cell (PSC) devices that have reported to date have been fabricated by high temperature sintering (>500 °C) of mesoporous metal oxide scaffolds, lower temperature processing is desirable for increasing the range of substrates available and also decrease the energy requirements during device manufacture. In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) mesoporous scaffolds have been compared with metal oxide oxidation catalysts: cerium dioxide (CeO2) and manganese dioxide (MnO2). For MnO2, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a low energy band gap metal oxide has been used as a scaffold in the PSC devices. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that organic binder removal is completed at temperatures of 350 °C and 275 °C for CeO2 and MnO2, respectively. By comparison, the binder removal from TiO2 pastes requires temperatures >500 °C. CH3NH3PbBr3 PSC devices that were fabricated while using MnO2 pastes sintered at 550 °C show slightly improved PCE (η = 3.9%) versus mesoporous TiO2 devices (η = 3.8%) as a result of increased open circuit voltage (Voc). However, the resultant PSC devices showed no efficiency despite apparently complete binder removal during lower temperature (325 °C) sintering using CeO2 or MnO2 pastes.
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Hybrid Al 2O 3-CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskites towards Avoiding Toxic Solvents. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13010243. [PMID: 31935896 PMCID: PMC6981513 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of organometal halide perovskites by milling CH3NH3I and PbI2 directly with an Al2O3 scaffold to create hybrid Al2O3-CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, without the use of organic capping ligands that otherwise limit the growth of the material in the three dimensions. Not only does this improve the ambient stability of perovskites in air (100 min versus 5 min for dimethylformamide (DMF)-processed material), the method also uses much fewer toxic solvents (terpineol versus dimethylformamide). This has been achieved by solid-state reaction of the perovskite precursors to produce larger perovskite nanoparticles. The resulting hybrid perovskite–alumina particles effectively improve the hydrophobicity of the perovskite phase whilst the increased thermal mass of the Al2O3 increases the thermal stability of the organic cation. Raman data show the incorporation of Al2O3 shifts the perovskite spectrum, suggesting the formation of a hybrid 3D mesoporous stack. Laser-induced current mapping (LBIC) and superoxide generation measurements, coupled to thermogravimetric analysis, show that these hybrid perovskites demonstrate slightly improved oxygen and thermal stability, whilst ultra-fast X-ray diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation show substantial (20×) increase in humidity stability. Overall, these data show considerably improved ambient stability of the hybrid perovskites compared to the solution-processed material.
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Leupold N, Schötz K, Cacovich S, Bauer I, Schultz M, Daubinger M, Kaiser L, Rebai A, Rousset J, Köhler A, Schulz P, Moos R, Panzer F. High Versatility and Stability of Mechanochemically Synthesized Halide Perovskite Powders for Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30259-30268. [PMID: 31347356 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We show that mechanochemically synthesized halide perovskite powders from a ball milling approach can be employed to fabricate a variety of lead halide perovskites with exceptional intrinsic stability. Our MAPbI3 powder exhibits higher thermal stability than conventionally processed thin films, without degradation after more than two and a half years of storage and only negligible degradation after heat treatment at 220 °C for 14 h. We further show facile recovery strategies of nonphase-pure powders by simple remilling or mild heat treatment. Moreover, we demonstrate the mechanochemical synthesis of phase-pure mixed perovskite powders, such as (Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15, from either the individual metal and organic halides or from readily prepared ternary perovskites, regardless of the precursor phase purity. Adding potassium iodide (KI) to the milling process successfully passivated the powders. We also succeeded in preparing a precursor solution on the basis of the powders and obtained uniform thin films for integration into efficient perovskite solar cells from spin-coating this solution. We find the KI passivation remains in the devices, leading to improved performance and significantly reduced hysteresis. Our work thus demonstrates the potential of mechanochemically synthesized halide perovskite powders for long-time storage and upscaling, further paving the way toward commercialization of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefania Cacovich
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile de France (IPVF) , 30 route départementale 128 , 91120 Palaiseau , France
| | | | | | | | | | - Amelle Rebai
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile de France (IPVF) , 30 route départementale 128 , 91120 Palaiseau , France
| | - Jean Rousset
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile de France (IPVF) , 30 route départementale 128 , 91120 Palaiseau , France
- EDF R&D , 30 route départementale 128 , 91120 Palaiseau , France
| | | | - Philip Schulz
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile de France (IPVF) , 30 route départementale 128 , 91120 Palaiseau , France
- CNRS, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile de France (IPVF), UMR 9006 , 30 route départementale 128 , 91120 Palaiseau , France
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Yang D, Yang R, Priya S, Liu S(F. Recent Advances in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Fabrication and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4466-4483. [PMID: 30332522 PMCID: PMC6582445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread research effort because of their potential in portable electronics. The efficiency has exceeded 18 % owing to the high-quality perovskite film achieved by various low-temperature fabrication methods and matching of the interface and electrode materials. This Review focuses on recent progress in flexible perovskite solar cells concerning low-temperature fabrication methods to improve the properties of perovskite films, such as full coverage, uniform morphology, and good crystallinity; demonstrated interface layers used in flexible perovskite solar cells, considering key figures-of-merit such as high transmittance, high carrier mobility, suitable band gap, and easy fabrication via low-temperature methods; flexible transparent electrode materials developed to enhance the mechanical stability of the devices; mechanical and long-term environmental stability; an outlook of flexible perovskite solar cells in portable electronic devices; and perspectives of commercialization for flexible perovskite solar cells based on cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
- Materials Science and EngineeringPenn StateUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
| | - Shashank Priya
- Materials Science and EngineeringPenn StateUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
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Yang D, Yang R, Priya S, Liu S(F. Flexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen: Herstellung und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
- Materials Science and Engineering Penn State University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Shashank Priya
- Materials Science and Engineering Penn State University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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Abstract
Research progress in hybrid perovskite solar cells has increased enormously over the last years, making perovskites very promising candidates for future PV technologies. Perovskite solar cells use abundant and low-cost starting materials, providing economic advantages for large-scale implementation. A transition from laboratory-scale fabrication to industrial manufacturing requires scaling up of the dimension of the devices; manufacturing of large-area modules, considering the development of interconnection as an important step toward upscaling; and development of deposition methods alternative to spin coating, which are industrially compatible and facilitate high power conversion efficiency of the manufactured devices. This Perspective provides an overview of the recent developments toward industrial-scale manufacturing. Advances and perspectives in the developments of sheet-to-sheet and roll-to-roll deposition methods are discussed along with other related technologies required for industrial-scale methods, e.g., laser ablation, drying, post-treatment, and the use of alternative industry-compatible solvents for manufacturing of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Galagan
- TNO - Solliance , High Tech Campus 21, Eindhoven 5656AE , The Netherlands
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Burkitt D, Searle J, Watson T. Perovskite solar cells in N-I-P structure with four slot-die-coated layers. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29892402 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.r572v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of perovskite solar cells in an N-I-P structure with compact titanium dioxide blocking, mesoporous titanium dioxide scaffold, single-step perovskite and hole-transport layers deposited using the slot-die coating technique is reported. Devices on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass substrates with evaporated gold top contacts and four slot-die-coated layers are demonstrated, and best cells reach stabilized power conversion efficiencies of 7%. This work demonstrates the suitability of slot-die coating for the production of layers within this perovskite solar cell stack and the potential to transfer to large area and roll-to-roll manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Burkitt
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Justin Searle
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Trystan Watson
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
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Burkitt D, Searle J, Watson T. Perovskite solar cells in N-I-P structure with four slot-die-coated layers. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172158. [PMID: 29892402 PMCID: PMC5990809 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of perovskite solar cells in an N-I-P structure with compact titanium dioxide blocking, mesoporous titanium dioxide scaffold, single-step perovskite and hole-transport layers deposited using the slot-die coating technique is reported. Devices on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass substrates with evaporated gold top contacts and four slot-die-coated layers are demonstrated, and best cells reach stabilized power conversion efficiencies of 7%. This work demonstrates the suitability of slot-die coating for the production of layers within this perovskite solar cell stack and the potential to transfer to large area and roll-to-roll manufacturing processes.
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Ariyarit A, Yoshikawa R, Takenaka I, Gillot F, Shiratori S. Improvement of the Dynamic Spin-Washing Effect with an Optimized Process of a Perovskite Solar Cell in Ambient Air by the Kriging Method. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atthaporn Ariyarit
- School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yoshikawa
- School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken 223-8522, Japan
| | - Issei Takenaka
- School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken 223-8522, Japan
| | - Frédéric Gillot
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Syst̀emes, Ecole
Centrale de Lyon-36, Avenue Guy de Collongues, 69130 Ecully, France
| | - Seimei Shiratori
- School
of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken 223-8522, Japan
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Jones EW, Holliman PJ, Connell A, Davies ML, Baker J, Hobbs RJ, Ghosh S, Furnell L, Anthony R, Pleydell-Pearce C. A novel dimethylformamide (DMF) free bar-cast method to deposit organolead perovskite thin films with improved stability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4301-4. [PMID: 26962574 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a solvent-free approach to synthesizing organolead perovskites by using solid state reactions to coat perovskite crystals onto Al2O3or TiO2nanoparticles followed by addition of terpineol affording perovskite inks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leo Furnell
- School of Chemistry
- Bangor University
- Bangor
- UK
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