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Jeserich F, Klein C, Brinkhaus B, Teut M. Sense of coherence and religion/spirituality: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on a methodical classification of instruments measuring religion/spirituality. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289203. [PMID: 37535597 PMCID: PMC10399782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coherence hypothesis assumes that sense of coherence (SOC) explains the positive link between religion/spirituality (R/S) and mental health. The aim of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the evidence for the association between SOC (sensu Antonovsky) and different aspects of R/S and thus to contribute to the verification of the coherence hypothesis. Eighty-nine English- and German-language primarily cross-sectional studies with 67,913 participants met the inclusion criteria. The R/S scales of all included studies were subjected to item-by-item qualitative content analysis in order to determine whether scales do actually measure religion or spirituality and which R/S aspects dominated the instrument. Based on this classification, overall and subgroup meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model. The adjusted effect size between SOC and all positive R/S measures was r+ = .120, 95% CI [.092, .149]. Particularly significant (r+ < -.180 or > .180) were correlations with negative R/S scales (r+ = -.405, 95% CI [-.476, -.333]), R/S instruments measuring primarily positive emotions (r+ = .212, 95% CI [.170, .253]) or meaning-making (r+ = .196, 95% CI [.126, .265]). Both sample characteristics (age, culture, gender, health status, religious affiliation) and study characteristics (e.g., publication year) had a moderating effect on the R/S-SOC connection. The correlation was particularly high in studies from Southern Asia (r+ = .226, 95% CI [.156, .297]), the African Islamic cultural value zone (r+ = .196, 95% CI [.106, .285]), and in a small subgroup of Iranian studies (r+ = .194, 95% CI [.117, .271]). The results confirm that R/S and SOC are clearly associated and suggest that there are different religious/spiritual pathways to a strong SOC. The strength of the associations presumably depends not only on individual differences, but also on cultural embeddedness and social plausibility of R/S. Trial registration. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021240380. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID = CRD42021240380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jeserich
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
- Contilia Academy, Contilia GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Constantin Klein
- Department of Practical Theology, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benno Brinkhaus
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Teut
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
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Zewude GT, Hercz M. The Teacher Well-Being Scale (TWBS): Construct validity, model comparisons and measurement invariance in an Ethiopian setting. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2022.2027623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girum Tareke Zewude
- Doctoral School of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Hercz
- Department of Education, Faculty of Primary Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Ramírez-Luzuriaga MJ, Ochaeta L, Ramírez-Zea M, DiGirolamo A, Waford R, Wray C, Martorell R, Stein AD. Cognitive and socio-emotional correlates of psychological well-being and mental health in Guatemalan adults. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:148. [PMID: 34556179 PMCID: PMC8459534 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about associations of psychological and mental well-being with cognitive and socioemotional factors in low and middle-income countries, particularly among vulnerable populations born in adverse environments that may restrict developmental potential. This study aimed to examine the cognitive and socioemotional correlates of psychological well-being and mental health in a cohort of Guatemalan adults born in contexts of poverty and malnutrition. METHODS From Dec 2017 to Apr 2019, data were collected from 704 women and 564 men ages 40-57 years living in four rural villages in eastern Guatemala and Guatemala City. We measured latent domains of psychological well-being, spirituality and religion, emotional support, and executive function using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Under a Structural Equation Modeling framework, we examined intercorrelations among latent domains and observed measures of intelligence and mental health. RESULTS CFA supported the construct validity of factor structures in this population. Correlations of psychological well-being with spirituality and religion were moderate in women (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and men (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). Executive function was weakly correlated with psychological well-being in men (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) and showed no association in women. Correlations of psychological well-being with emotional support and IQ were weak in women (r = 0.34, and r = 0.15, respectively; p < 0.001 for both) and men (r = 0.35, and r = 0.25, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Mental health and IQ were weakly correlated in men (r = 0.09, p < 0.05) and showed no association in women. Mental health showed weak correlations with emotional support (r = 0.18, p < 0.001 in women; r = 0.09, p < 0.05 in men), psychological well-being (r = 0.32 and r = 0.35, in women and men respectively; p < 0.001 for both) and showed no association with executive function in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Of all examined factors, spirituality and religion made the greatest contribution to psychological well-being. These findings support the notion that in populations experiencing difficult circumstances, religion can perhaps make a greater contribution to well-being and aid coping. More research is needed to examine mediators of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Ramírez-Luzuriaga
- Nutrition and Health Science Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Ochaeta
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Ann DiGirolamo
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Waford
- Nutrition and Health Science Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charlotte Wray
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Nutrition and Health Science Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Nutrition and Health Science Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Koen V, Robertson ND. A qualitative exploration of psychosocial well-being experiences in a South African rural community. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1195-1211. [PMID: 33963773 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore and describe the psychosocial well-being experiences of a South African rural community. The study employed a qualitative explorative-descriptive research design in which participants (n = 20) were sampled through purposive sampling and participated in a world café session. Data were analyzed thematically. The findings identify three main themes with subthemes, namely contributing factors to psychosocial well-being (such as spirituality/religion and community cohesion), hindering factors to psychosocial well-being (such as crime and unemployment), and means to promote psychosocial well-being (such as provision of infrastructure). The findings provide insight into the psychosocial well-being experiences of an understudied and vulnerable South African rural community and makes recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Koen
- School of Psychosocial Health, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Neville D Robertson
- Community Psychosocial Research (COMPRES), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychosocial Health, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Dadfar M, Lester D, Turan Y, Beshai JA, Unterrainer HF. Religious spiritual well-being: results from Muslim Iranian clinical and non-clinical samples by age, sex and group. JOURNAL OF RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY & AGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15528030.2020.1818161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Oluyinka O. Psychological Predictors of Attitude towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help in a Nigerian University Student Population. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/008124631104100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although research on the relationship between psychological factors and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help has been conducted in a wide range of settings, some psychological factors remained unexplored, especially among Nigerian university students. Therefore this study investigated predictive powers of psychological factors (health locus of control, mindfulness, openness to experience, personal growth initiative, and sense of coherence) on atitude towards seeking professional psychological help among 452 students in a Nigerian university. The study was comprised of 234 (51.77%) males and 218 (48.23%) females with mean age of 22 years ( SD = 2.16). Participants completed measures of health locus of control, mindfulness, openness to experience, personal growth initiative, sense of coherence, and attitude towards seeking professional psychological help. Results reveal significant independent and joint influence of health locus of control, mindfulness, openness to experience, personal growth initiative, and sense of coherence on attitude towards seeking professional psychological help. Findings from this study suggest that professionals in the areas of mental health and psychological well-being might improve students' engagement in psychological counseling through changing their attitudes toward seeking professional help by modifying their unfulfilled psychological, emotional, and social needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojedokun Oluyinka
- Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
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