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Peredo AP, Tsinman TK, Bonnevie ED, Jiang X, Smith HE, Gullbrand SE, Dyment NA, Mauck RL. Developmental morphogens direct human induced pluripotent stem cells toward an annulus fibrosus-like cell phenotype. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1313. [PMID: 38283179 PMCID: PMC10810760 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Therapeutic interventions for intervertebral disc herniation remain scarce due to the inability of endogenous annulus fibrosus (AF) cells to respond to injury and drive tissue regeneration. Unlike other orthopedic tissues, such as cartilage, delivery of exogenous cells to the site of annular injury remains underdeveloped, largely due to a lack of an ideal cell source and the invasive nature of cell isolation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated to specific cell fates using biochemical factors and are, therefore, an invaluable tool for cell therapy approaches. While differentiation protocols have been developed for cartilage and fibrous connective tissues (e.g., tendon), the signals that regulate the induction and differentiation of human iPSCs toward the AF fate remain unknown. Methods iPSC-derived sclerotome cells were treated with various combinations of developmental signals including transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), or the Hedgehog pathway activator, Purmorphamine, and gene expression changes in major AF-associated ECM genes were assessed. The top performing combination treatments were further validated by using three distinct iPSC lines and by assessing the production of upregulated ECM proteins of interest. To conduct a broader analysis of the transcriptomic shifts elicited by each factor combination, and to compare genetic profiles of treated cells to mature human AF cells, a 96.96 Fluidigm gene expression array was applied, and principal component analysis was employed to identify the transcriptional signatures of each cell population and treatment group in comparison to native AF cells. Results TGF-β3, in combination with PDGF-BB, CTGF, or IGF-1, induced an upregulation of key AF ECM genes in iPSC-derived sclerotome cells. In particular, treatment with a combination of TGF-β3 with PDGF-BB for 14 days significantly increased gene expression of collagen II and aggrecan and increased protein deposition of collagen I and elastin compared to other treatment groups. Assessment of genes uniquely highly expressed by AF cells or SCL cells, respectively, revealed a shift toward the genetic profile of AF cells with the addition of TGF-β3 and PDGF-BB for 14 days. Discussion These findings represent an initial approach to guide human induced pluripotent stem cells toward an AF-like fate for cellular delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Peredo
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tonia K. Tsinman
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Edward D. Bonnevie
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Harvey E. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sarah E. Gullbrand
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nathaniel A. Dyment
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Translational Musculoskeletal Research CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Xu Y, Lin WW, Luo Z, Han Z, Liu S, Qi B, Sun C, Go K, Kang XR, Chen J. Single-Cell Integration Analysis of Heterotopic Ossification and Fibrocartilage Developmental Lineage: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Effector Xbp1 Transcriptionally Regulates the Notch Signaling Pathway to Mediate Fibrocartilage Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7663366. [PMID: 34737845 PMCID: PMC8563124 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7663366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regeneration of fibrochondrocytes is essential for the healing of the tendon-bone interface (TBI), which is similar to the formation of neurogenic heterotopic ossification (HO). Through single-cell integrative analysis, this study explored the homogeneity of HO cells and fibrochondrocytes. METHODS This study integrated six datasets, namely, GSE94683, GSE144306, GSE168153, GSE138515, GSE102929, and GSE110993. The differentiation trajectory and key transcription factors (TFs) for HO occurrence were systematically analyzed by integrating single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing, bulk RNA sequencing, and assay of transposase accessible chromatin seq. The differential expression and enrichment pathways of TFs in heterotopically ossified tissues were identified. RESULTS HO that mimicked pathological cells was classified into HO1 and HO2 cell subsets. Results of the pseudo-temporal sequence analysis suggested that HO2 is a differentiated precursor cell of HO1. The analysis of integrated scRNA data revealed that ectopically ossified cells have similar transcriptional characteristics to cells in the fibrocartilaginous zone of tendons. The modified SCENIC method was used to identify specific transcriptional regulators associated with ectopic ossification. Xbp1 was defined as a common key transcriptional regulator of ectopically ossified tissues and the fibrocartilaginous zone of tendons. Subsequently, the CellPhoneDB database was completed for the cellular ligand-receptor analysis. With further pathway screening, this study is the first to propose that Xbp1 may upregulate the Notch signaling pathway through Jag1 transcription. Twenty-four microRNAs were screened and were found to be potentially associated with upregulation of XBP1 expression after acute ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION A systematic analysis of the differentiation landscape and cellular homogeneity facilitated a molecular understanding of the phenotypic similarities between cells in the fibrocartilaginous region of tendon and HO cells. Furthermore, by identifying Xbp1 as a hub regulator and by conducting a ligand-receptor analysis, we propose a potential Xbp1/Jag1/Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, 60657 Illinois, USA
| | - Ken Go
- Department of Clinical Training Centre, St. Marianna Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - x.-R. Kang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Stevenson AW, Melton PE, Moses EK, Wallace HJ, Wood FM, Rea S, Danielsen PL, Alghamdi M, Hortin N, Borowczyk J, Deng Z, Manzur M, Fear MW. A methylome and transcriptome analysis of normal human scar cells reveals a role for FOXF2 in scar maintenance. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1489-1498.e12. [PMID: 34687743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Scar is maintained for life and increases in size during periods of growth such as puberty. Epigenetic changes in fibroblasts after injury may underpin the maintenance and growth of scar. Here, we, combined methylome and transcriptome data from normotrophic mature scar and contralateral uninjured normal skin fibroblasts to identify potential regulators of scar maintenance. 219 significantly differentially expressed and 1199 significantly differentially methylated promoters were identified, of which there were 12 genes both significantly differentially methylated and expressed. Of these the two transcription factors, Forkhead Box F2 (FOXF2) and Mohawk Homeobox (MKX) were selected for further analysis. Immunocytochemistry and qPCR suggested FOXF2 but not MKX had elevated expression in scar fibroblasts. Using RNASeq, FOXF2 knockdown was shown to significantly reduce expression of extracellular matrix related genes, whilst MKX did not appear to affect similar pathways. Finally, FOXF2 knockdown was also shown to significantly decrease collagen I production in scar and keloid fibroblasts. This study provides insights into the maintenance of normotrophic scar, suggesting FOXF2 is an important regulator of this process. Targeting genes responsible for maintenance of scar phenotype may ameliorate scar appearance and improve patient outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Phillip E Melton
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Eric K Moses
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hilary J Wallace
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Suzanne Rea
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Patricia L Danielsen
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mansour Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalised Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicole Hortin
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zhenjun Deng
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mitali Manzur
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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The Cellular Composition of Bovine Coccygeal Intervertebral Discs: A Comprehensive Single-Cell RNAseq Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094917
expr 996488947 + 961598850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and its medical consequences is still one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. To support potential regenerative treatments for degenerated IVDs, we sought to deconvolute the cell composition of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the annulus fibrosus (AF) of bovine intervertebral discs. Bovine calf tails have been extensively used in intervertebral disc research as a readily available source of NP and AF material from healthy and young IVDs. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) coupled to bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to unravel the cell populations in these two structures and analyze developmental changes across the rostrocaudal axis. By integrating the scRNAseq data with the bulk RNAseq data to stabilize the clustering results of our study, we identified 27 NP structure/tissue specific genes and 24 AF structure/tissue specific genes. From our scRNAseq results, we could deconvolute the heterogeneous cell populations in both the NP and the AF. In the NP, we detected a notochordal-like cell cluster and a progenitor stem cell cluster. In the AF, we detected a stem cell-like cluster, a cluster with a predominantly fibroblast-like phenotype and a potential endothelial progenitor cluster. Taken together, our results illustrate the cell phenotypic complexity of the AF and NP in the young bovine IVDs.
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Calió M, Gantenbein B, Egli M, Poveda L, Ille F. The Cellular Composition of Bovine Coccygeal Intervertebral Discs: A Comprehensive Single-Cell RNAseq Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094917. [PMID: 34066404 PMCID: PMC8124861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and its medical consequences is still one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. To support potential regenerative treatments for degenerated IVDs, we sought to deconvolute the cell composition of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the annulus fibrosus (AF) of bovine intervertebral discs. Bovine calf tails have been extensively used in intervertebral disc research as a readily available source of NP and AF material from healthy and young IVDs. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) coupled to bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to unravel the cell populations in these two structures and analyze developmental changes across the rostrocaudal axis. By integrating the scRNAseq data with the bulk RNAseq data to stabilize the clustering results of our study, we identified 27 NP structure/tissue specific genes and 24 AF structure/tissue specific genes. From our scRNAseq results, we could deconvolute the heterogeneous cell populations in both the NP and the AF. In the NP, we detected a notochordal-like cell cluster and a progenitor stem cell cluster. In the AF, we detected a stem cell-like cluster, a cluster with a predominantly fibroblast-like phenotype and a potential endothelial progenitor cluster. Taken together, our results illustrate the cell phenotypic complexity of the AF and NP in the young bovine IVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Calió
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology (TOM), Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.G.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Space Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland;
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology (TOM), Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.G.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Egli
- Space Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland;
| | - Lucy Poveda
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Fabian Ille
- Space Biology Group, Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-41-349-36-15
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Tam V, Chen P, Yee A, Solis N, Klein T, Kudelko M, Sharma R, Chan WC, Overall CM, Haglund L, Sham PC, Cheah KSE, Chan D. DIPPER, a spatiotemporal proteomics atlas of human intervertebral discs for exploring ageing and degeneration dynamics. eLife 2020; 9:64940. [PMID: 33382035 PMCID: PMC7857729 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal proteome of the intervertebral disc (IVD) underpins its integrity and function. We present DIPPER, a deep and comprehensive IVD proteomic resource comprising 94 genome-wide profiles from 17 individuals. To begin with, protein modules defining key directional trends spanning the lateral and anteroposterior axes were derived from high-resolution spatial proteomes of intact young cadaveric lumbar IVDs. They revealed novel region-specific profiles of regulatory activities and displayed potential paths of deconstruction in the level- and location-matched aged cadaveric discs. Machine learning methods predicted a ‘hydration matrisome’ that connects extracellular matrix with MRI intensity. Importantly, the static proteome used as point-references can be integrated with dynamic proteome (SILAC/degradome) and transcriptome data from multiple clinical samples, enhancing robustness and clinical relevance. The data, findings, and methodology, available on a web interface (http://www.sbms.hku.hk/dclab/DIPPER/), will be valuable references in the field of IVD biology and proteomic analytics. The backbone of vertebrate animals consists of a series of bones called vertebrae that are joined together by disc-like structures that allow the back to move and distribute forces to protect it during daily activities. It is common for these intervertebral discs to degenerate with age, resulting in back pain and severely reducing quality of life. The mechanical features of intervertebral discs are the result of their proteins. These include extracellular matrix proteins, which form the external scaffolding that binds cells together in a tissue, and signaling proteins, which allow cells to communicate. However, how the levels of different proteins in each region of the disc vary with time has not been fully examined. To establish how protein composition changes with age, Tam, Chen et al. quantified the protein levels and gene activity (which leads to protein production) of intervertebral discs from young and old deceased individuals. They found that the position of different mixtures of proteins in the intervertebral disc changes with age, and that young people have high levels of extracellular matrix proteins and signaling proteins. Levels of these proteins decreased as people got older, as did the amount of proteins produced. To determine which region of the intervertebral disc different proteins were in, Tam, Chen et al. also performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the samples to correlate image intensity (which represents water content) with the corresponding protein signature. The data obtained provides a high-quality map of how the location of different proteins changes with age, and is available online under the name DIPPER. This database is an informative resource for research into skeletal biology, and it will likely advance the understanding of intervertebral disc degeneration in humans and animals, potentially leading to the development of new treatment strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen of Research Institute and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anita Yee
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nestor Solis
- Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Theo Klein
- Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mateusz Kudelko
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wilson Cw Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen of Research Institute and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, HKU-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pak C Sham
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences (CPOS), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences,, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen of Research Institute and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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Khatibzadeh SM, Menarim BC, Nichols AEC, Werre SR, Dahlgren LA. Urinary Bladder Matrix Does Not Improve Tenogenesis in an In Vitro Equine Model. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1848-1859. [PMID: 31042311 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is responsible for tendon strength and elasticity. Healed tendon ECM lacks structural integrity, leading to reinjury. Porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) provides a scaffold and source of bioactive proteins to improve tissue healing, but has received limited attention for treating tendon injuries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of UBM to induce matrix organization and tenogenesis using a novel in vitro model. We hypothesized that addition of UBM to tendon ECM hydrogels would improve matrix organization and cell differentiation. Hydrogels seeded with bone marrow cells (n = 6 adult horses) were cast using rat tail tendon ECM ± UBM, fixed under static tension and harvested at 7 and 21 days for construct contraction, cell viability, histology, biochemistry, and gene expression. By day 7, UBM constructs contracted significantly from baseline, whereas control constructs did not. Both control and UBM constructs contracted significantly by day 21. In both groups, cells remained viable over time and changed from round and randomly oriented to elongated along lines of tension with visible compaction of the ECM. There were no differences over time or between treatments for nuclear aspect ratio, DNA, or glycosaminoglycan content. Decorin, matrix metalloproteinase 13, and scleraxis expression increased significantly over time, but not in response to UBM treatment. Mohawk expression was constant over time. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein expression decreased over time in both groups. Using a novel ECM hydrogel model, substantial matrix organization and cell differentiation occurred; however, the addition of UBM failed to induce greater matrix organization than tendon ECM alone. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1848-1859, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Khatibzadeh
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Bruno C Menarim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Anne E C Nichols
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Laboratory for Statistical Design and Study Analysis, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Linda A Dahlgren
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, Virginia
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