Fu HN, Monson E, Otto AR. Relationships between socio-economic status and lottery gambling across lottery types: neighborhood-level evidence from a large city.
Addiction 2021;
116:1256-1261. [PMID:
32924215 DOI:
10.1111/add.15252]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Lottery gambling participation tends to be higher among lower socio-economic status (SES) individuals, but it is unclear how this relationship differs as a function of lottery type. We estimated how the relationship between SES and lottery gambling rates varies across different types of lottery gambling: fixed-prize, progressive-prize (jackpot) and instant-win (scratch card) lottery tickets in a large Canadian city.
DESIGN
Neighborhood-level lottery purchase data obtained from the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Commission were analysed in conjunction with demographic data. Mixed-effects regression was used to assess simultaneously how neighborhood-level SES predicts per-person lottery gambling rates across fixed-prize, progressive-prize lottery and instant-win lotteries.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Neighborhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in the years 2012-15.
MEASUREMENTS
Per-capita sales in dollars (CAD) of fixed-prize lottery, progressive-prize lottery and instant-win tickets in Toronto postal codes. SES was estimated as a composite of income, years of education and white-collar employment.
FINDINGS
Lower-SES neighborhoods engaged in higher rates of lottery gambling overall [β = -0.084, standard error (SE) = 0.24, P = 0.0007]. The predictive effect of SES varied significantly by lottery type (fixed-prize: β = -0.105, SE = 0.004, P < 0.0001, instant-win: β = -0.054, SE = 0.004, P < 0.0001; relative to progressive-prize). The predictive effect of SES was strongest for fixed-prize lotteries and weakest for progressive-prize lotteries, such that we did not observe a significant predictive effect of SES for progressive-prize lotteries (β = -0.031, SE = 0.024, P = 0.198).
CONCLUSIONS
People in lower socio-economic status neighborhoods in Toronto, Canada appear to engage in more lottery gambling than those in higher socio-economic status neighborhoods, with the difference being largest for fixed prize lotteries followed by instant win lotteries, and no clear difference for progressive prize lotteries.
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