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He M, Chen JH, Wu AMS, Tong KK. Fast or slow: applying life history strategies to responsible gambling adherence. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2035422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Turner NE, Maas MVD, Shi J, Liu E, Zangeneh M, Cool S, Molah E, Marshall TE. Knowledge of random events and chance in people with gambling problems: an item analysis. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.2014930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel E. Turner
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jing Shi
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleanor Liu
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masood Zangeneh
- Liberal Arts and Sciences, Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Cool
- Liberal Arts and Sciences, Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Peel Board of Education, Peel, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ernest Molah
- Liberal Arts and Sciences, Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Elton Marshall
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Russell AMT, Browne M, Hing N, Rockloff M, Newall P. Are any samples representative or unbiased? reply to Pickering and Blaszczynski. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1973535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. T. Russell
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Browne
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Nerilee Hing
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Philip Newall
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, CQUniversity, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Sydney, Australia
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Williams BM, Browne M, Rockloff M, Stuart G, Smith BP. Protective Action and Risky Beliefs: The Relationship Between Religion and Gambling Fallacies. J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:253-263. [PMID: 33914236 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have explored the relationship between religious beliefs and gambling (including gambling fallacies and gambling harm) but report seemingly contradictory findings. While some studies have found religious belief to be positively associated with gambling fallacies, others have found it to be a protective factor from gambling harms. One explanation for these differing effects is that gambling fallacies and metaphysical religious belief share properties of supernatural and magical thinking. Nevertheless, social support and moral strictures associated with religion might help protect against an unhealthy engagement with gambling. Using a multidimensional measure of religiosity, we hypothesised that only the supernatural facet of religious adherence would present a risk for gambling fallacies. We analysed two archival data sources collected in Canada (Quinte Longitudinal Study: N = 4121, Mage = 46, SDage = 14, Female = 54%; Leisure, Lifestyle and Lifecycle Project: N = 1372, Mage = 37, SDage = 17, Female = 56%). Using the Rohrbaugh-Jessor Religiosity Scale, we confirmed that the supernatural theistic domain of religion was a positive risk factor for gambling fallacies. However, participation in ritual (behavioural) aspects, such as churchgoing, was negatively associated with risk, and no effect was observed for the consequential (moral) domain. We conclude that multidimensional aspects in religious measures may account for conflicting prior findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton M Williams
- School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, Branyan, QLD, 4670, Australia.
| | - Matthew Browne
- School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, Branyan, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, Branyan, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - George Stuart
- School of Medical, Health and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, Branyan, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Bradley P Smith
- Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, 44 Greenhill Rd, Wayville, Adelaide, SA, 5034, Australia
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Pickering D, Blaszczynski A. Paid online convenience samples in gambling studies: questionable data quality. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1884735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Pickering
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alex Blaszczynski
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Armstrong T, Rockloff M, Browne M, Blaszczynski A. Encouraging Gamblers to Think Critically Using Generalised Analytical Priming is Ineffective at Reducing Gambling Biases. J Gambl Stud 2020; 36:851-869. [PMID: 31728742 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gambling has been associated with an array of fallacious beliefs that foster risky gambling decisions. Research into other belief systems suggests that the endorsement of non-evidence based beliefs, such as the paranormal or conspiracy theories, can be reduced when people think more analytically. The purpose of this study was to explore whether an intervention designed to elicit analytical thinking was effective in altering the gambling beliefs and simulated gambling behaviour of 178 regular electronic gaming machine (EGM) gamblers (102 males, 76 female). Participants were randomly allocated to complete either an analytic or a neutral priming task, followed by completion of belief measures (erroneous and protective) and play on a simulated EGM game. Results failed to show that priming for analytical thinking changed betting on an EGM; including features of bet size, bet change, persistence and theoretical losses. Contrary to expectations, results suggest that priming analytical thinking using generalised interventions does not appear to be effective in altering peoples' simulated gambling involvement or gambling beliefs. In fact, priming people to think more critically might be counterproductive by contributing to greater positive expectations about gambling outcomes. The results further suggested that the number of times a player alters their bet is a good indicator of theoretical gambling losses and is associated with irrational gambling cognitions. Interventions designed to promote safer thinking in gamblers should be implemented with care, as results from our study suggest that encouraging critical thinking in at-risk or problem gamblers may not be effective in reducing risky gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Armstrong
- School of Human, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, SA, 5034, Australia
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- School of Human, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, University Drive, Bundaberg, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Matthew Browne
- School of Human, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, University Drive, Bundaberg, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Alexander Blaszczynski
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, M02F Mallett Street Campus, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Armstrong T, Rockloff M, Browne M, Blaszczynski A. Beliefs About Gambling Mediate the Effect of Cognitive Style on Gambling Problems. J Gambl Stud 2020; 36:871-886. [PMID: 32215774 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-020-09942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Problem gambling is often accompanied by a range of irrational cognitions that promote excessive gambling. The cognitive basis for these beliefs has been largely overlooked in the gambling literature. Dual process theory suggests there are two parallel cognitive processing systems, an intuitive and an analytic system, and that there are potential individual differences in preference for one or the other cognitive style. The current study explored whether people's cognitive styles are an important factor in the development of specific beliefs about gambling that in-turn contribute to gambling problems. The sample consisted of 1168 regular gamblers (539 female, ranging from 18 to 78 years of age; M = 35.47, SD = 10.78) recruited via Mechanical Turk. Participants completed a survey assessing cognitive style, problem gambling severity, and measures of protective and erroneous beliefs. In a path model, greater analytical thinking and lower intuitive thinking was associated with fewer erroneous gambling beliefs, which in turn were related to fewer gambling problems. A second model showed that protective beliefs also mediated the relationship between cognitive style and gambling, demonstrating that greater analytical thinking and lower intuitive thinking was associated with protective beliefs that similarly reduced problem gambling severity. Results suggest that a person's cognitive style influences peoples gambling by contributing to the endorsement of irrational or unsafe beliefs about gambling. Encouraging people to think more analytically may be useful in reducing erroneous beliefs about gambling that promote problematic gambling behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Armstrong
- School of Human, Medical, and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, SA, 5034, Australia.
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- School of Human, Medical, and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, Bundaberg, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Matthew Browne
- School of Human, Medical, and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, Bundaberg, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Alexander Blaszczynski
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, M02F Mallett Street Campus, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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