Conceptual design of a wearable radiation detector alarm system: a review of the literature

Bismuth chalcohalide-based nanocomposite for application in ionising radiation detectors

Bismuth sulpho iodide (BiSI) belongs to the family of chalcohalides, which present several attractive electro-optic properties. In particular, BiSI is a semiconductor which could be used in X and gamma ray detection due to a band gap of 1.6 eV, density of 6.4 g cm^-3, and absorption coefficient for 60 keV radiation of 5.6 cm² g^-1. This work presents a facile synthesis under solvothermal conditions of a nanocomposite consisting of BiSI nanorods and amorphous carbon structures. Furthermore, it studies its ionising radiation detection properties at room temperature, when prototype detectors were built from pellets. The construction conditions of pellets were also studied, varying the applied pressure and heat treatment to the nanocomposite. Dark current density and response to different exposure rates of a ²⁴¹Am source were measured for the prototype detectors built. It was found that heat treatment of pellets considerably improves detectors performance. Dark current density was one order of magnitude lower than for the pellets without heat treatment, and its response to the ²⁴¹Am source, linear, with a signal to noise ratio of 7 for 20 V. Finally, the resistivity for the heat treated detector was in the order of 10¹¹ Ω cm, comparable to other materials studied for this application.

Multimodal Cueing: The Relative Benefits of the Auditory, Visual, and Tactile Channels in Complex Environments

Determining the most effective modality or combination of modalities for presenting time sensitive information to operators in complex environments is critical to effective display design. This panel of display design experts will briefly review the most important empirical research regarding the key issues to be considered including the temporal demands of the situation, the complexity of the information to be presented, and issues of information reliability and trust. Included in the discussion will be a focus on the relative benefits and potential costs of providing information in one modality versus another and under what conditions it may be preferable to use a multisensory display. Key issues to be discussed among panelists and audience members will be the implications of the existing knowledge for facilitating the design of alerts and warnings in complex environments such as aviation, driving, medicine and educational settings.

User-centered evaluation of handle shape and size and input controls for a neutron detector

Current neutron detectors are big, heavy, difficult to use and are not ergonomically designed. Good handle design and easy to use control mechanisms are imperative for comfort, usability and accuracy for hand-held tools. Two studies were performed to assess these factors; Study I explored handle design (shape and size) preference and Study II evaluated the effects of control mechanisms, device orientations and word orientation on performance time. According to research findings, the recommended handle perimeter is 11 cm with a diameter range of 3.5-4.0 cm. These results demonstrated that as the handle perimeter decreased the handle becomes less preferred by first responders when using layered gloves. For control type, the fastest performance time was found with vertical push buttons and a vertical word orientation. These objective results matched the subjective results, which showed that the most preferred controller was a vertical push button control.