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Fasquelle F, Scuotto A, Howsam M, Betbeder D. Maltodextrin-Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Nasal Vaccines: A Review Article. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:247. [PMID: 38399301 PMCID: PMC10892173 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly being studied as antigen delivery systems for immunization with nasal vaccines. The addition of adjuvants is still generally required in many nanoparticle formulations, which can induce potential side effects owing to mucosal reactogenicity. In contrast, maltodextrin nanoparticles do not require additional immunomodulators, and have been shown to be efficient vaccine delivery systems. In this review, the development of maltodextrin nanoparticles is presented, specifically their physico-chemical properties, their ability to load antigens and deliver them into airway mucosal cells, and the extent to which they trigger protective immune responses against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. We demonstrate that the addition of lipids to maltodextrin nanoparticles increases their potency as a vaccine delivery system for nasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Howsam
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
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Yu C, He S, Zhu W, Ru P, Ge X, Govindasamy K. Human cytomegalovirus in cancer: the mechanism of HCMV-induced carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1202138. [PMID: 37424781 PMCID: PMC10327488 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a well-studied herpesvirus, has been implicated in malignancies derived from breast, colorectal muscle, brain, and other cancers. Intricate host-virus interactions are responsible for the cascade of events that have the potential to result in the transformed phenotype of normal cells. The HCMV genome contains oncogenes that may initiate these types of cancers, and although the primary HCMV infection is usually asymptomatic, the virus remains in the body in a latent or persistent form. Viral reactivation causes severe health issues in immune-compromised individuals, including cancer patients, organ transplants, and AIDS patients. This review focuses on the immunologic mechanisms and molecular mechanisms of HCMV-induced carcinogenesis, methods of HCMV treatment, and other studies. Studies show that HCMV DNA and virus-specific antibodies are present in many types of cancers, implicating HCMV as an important player in cancer progression. Importantly, many clinical trials have been initiated to exploit HCMV as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, particularly in immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of breast cancer and glioblastoma patients. Taken together, these findings support a link between HCMV infections and cellular growth that develops into cancer. More importantly, HCMV is the leading cause of birth defects in newborns, and infection with HCMV is responsible for abortions in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Suna He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Penghui Ru
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kavitha Govindasamy
- School of Arts and Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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Link EK, Brandmüller C, Suezer Y, Ameres S, Volz A, Moosmann A, Sutter G, Lehmann MH. A synthetic human cytomegalovirus pp65-IE1 fusion antigen efficiently induces and expands virus specific T cells. Vaccine 2017; 35:5131-5139. [PMID: 28818566 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause severe complications in newborns and immunocompromised patients, and a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine against HCMV is not available. Here, we generated a HCMV vaccine candidate fulfilling the regulatory requirements for GMP-compliant production and clinical testing. A novel synthetic fusion gene consisting of the coding sequences of HCMV pp65 and IE1 having a deleted nuclear localization sequence and STAT2 binding domain was introduced into the genome of the attenuated vaccinia virus strain MVA. This recombinant MVA, MVA-syn65_IE1, allowed for the production of a stable ∼120kDa syn65_IE1 fusion protein upon tissue culture infection. MVA-syn65_IE1 infected CD40-activated B cells activated and expanded pp65- and IE1-specific T cells derived from HCMV-seropositive donors to at least equal levels as control recombinant MVA expressing single genes for pp65 or IE1. Additionally, we show that MVA-syn65_IE1 induced HCMV pp65- and IE1-epitope specific T cells in HLA-A2.1-/HLA-DR1-transgenic H-2 class I-/class II-knockout mice. Thus, MVA-syn65_IE1 represents a promising vaccine candidate against HCMV and constitutes a basis for the generation of a multivalent vaccine targeting relevant pathogens in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Link
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Christine Brandmüller
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Yasemin Suezer
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Stefanie Ameres
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Gene Vectors, Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Gene Vectors, Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany.
| | - Michael H Lehmann
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany.
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Cross-presentation of HCMV chimeric protein enables generation and measurement of polyclonal T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:676-84. [PMID: 20195281 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cell immunity has a critical function in controlling human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. In immunocompromized individuals, HCMV reactivation or disease can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in transplant recipients. In this setting, adoptive transfer of HCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells is a promising vaccine strategy to restore viral immunity, with most clinical approaches focussing on the use of peptides for the generation of single epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells. We show that using an IE1-pp65 chimeric protein as the antigen source promotes effective cross-presentation, by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), to generate polyclonal CD8(+) T cell epitopes. By exploring human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted immunodominance hierarchies both within and across two immunodominant proteins, we show that HLA-B7 epitopes elicit higher CD8(+) T cell responses compared with HLA-A1, -A2 or -B8. This study provides important evidence highlighting both the efficacy of the IE1-pp65 chimeric protein and the importance of immunodominance in designing future therapeutic vaccines.
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Wang Z, Zhou W, Srivastava T, La Rosa C, Mandarino A, Forman SJ, Zaia JA, Britt WJ, Diamond DJ. A fusion protein of HCMV IE1 exon4 and IE2 exon5 stimulates potent cellular immunity in an MVA vaccine vector. Virology 2008; 377:379-90. [PMID: 18538366 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A therapeutic CMV vaccine incorporating an antigenic repertoire capable of eliciting a cellular immune response has yet to be successfully implemented for patients who already have acquired an infection. To address this problem, we have developed a vaccine candidate derived from modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) that expresses three immunodominant antigens (pp65, IE1, IE2) from CMV. The novelty of this vaccine is the fusion of two adjacent exons from the immediate-early region of CMV, their successful expression in MVA, and robust immunogenicity in both primary and memory response models. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the viral vaccine in mouse models shows that it can stimulate primary immunity against all three antigens in both the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets. Evaluation of human PBMC from healthy CMV-positive donors or patients within 6 months of receiving hematopoietic cell transplant shows robust stimulation of existing CMV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Laboratory of Vaccine Research, Division of Virology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, California 91010, USA
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Zhang J, Rana S, Srivastava RS, Misra RDK. On the chemical synthesis and drug delivery response of folate receptor-activated, polyethylene glycol-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:40-8. [PMID: 17681499 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the chemical synthesis and in vitro drug delivery response of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles, which were activated with a stable ligand, folic acid, and conjugated with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin. The functionalization and conjugation steps in the chemical synthesis were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The drug-release behavior of PEG-functionalized and folic acid-doxorubicin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles was characterized by two stages involving an initial rapid release, followed by a controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Biomaterials Research Group, Center for Structural and Functional Materials, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 44130, Lafayette, LA 70504-4130, USA
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