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Auvin S, Guillo S, de Rycke Y, Tran D, Tubach F. Benzodiazepines for pediatric epilepsies and their risks in a cohort within the French health care data. Epilepsia 2024; 65:900-908. [PMID: 38353414 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The management of antiseizure treatment in patients with epilepsy relies on the benefit-risk ratio. Data on antiseizure medication (ASM) use in children are limited. We described antiseizure medication use in children with epilepsy (CwE) in France, with a focus on the chronic use of benzodiazepines and related implications. METHODS We conducted a 5-year cohort study from January 2012, using data from the French national health care data system (Système National des Données de Santé). We included CwE identified through International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes and medications from January 2012 to December 2015 and followed them until December 2016. We described ASMs and assessed whether the risk of initiating a polytherapy after a bitherapy depends on whether benzodiazepine was included in the bitherapy. RESULTS We identified 62 885 CwE. Valproate was the most reimbursed ASM (40%), followed by lamotrigine (17.6%), levetiracetam (9.3%), clobazam (6.1%), and carbamazepine (5.8%). Prescriptions were initiated at the hospital in 74.5% of CwE. We observed a decrease in the number of CwE with at least one benzodiazepine reimbursement from 15.3% in 2013 to 10.1% in 2016 (p < .0001). The prevalence of CwE with levetiracetam reimbursements increased, whereas that of CwE with valproate decreased. A switch from a bitherapy to a polytherapy was more likely when the bitherapy included a benzodiazepine (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] = 1.20 [1.03-1.39]). SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of CwE with at least one benzodiazepine reimbursement decreased during the study period. Benzodiazepines were associated with an increased use of subsequent ASM polytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Auvin
- INSERM NeuroDiderot, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Pediatric Neurology Department, CRMR Epilepsies Rares, EpiCARE member, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Guillo
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yann de Rycke
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Diep Tran
- Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), CIC-1901, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Rinaldi VE, Di Cara G, Mencaroni E, Verrotti A. Therapeutic Options for Childhood Absence Epilepsy. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:658-667. [PMID: 34941639 PMCID: PMC8705546 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a common pediatric generalized epileptic syndrome. Although it is traditionally considered as a benign self-limited condition, the apparent benign nature of this syndrome has been revaluated in recent years. This is mainly due to the increasing evidence that children with CAE can present invalidating neuropsychological comorbidities that will affect them up to adulthood. Moreover, a percentage of affected children can develop drug-resistant forms of CAE. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent studies and new concepts concerning CAE treatment, in particular concerning drug-resistant forms of CAE. A Pubmed search was undertaken to identify all articles concerning management and treatment of CAE, including articles written between 1979 and 2021. Traditional anticonvulsant therapy of CAE that is still in use is based on three antiepileptic drugs: ethosuximide which is the drug of choice, followed by valproic acid and lamotrigine. In the case of first line treatment failure, after two monotherapies it is usual to start a bi-therapy. In the case of absence seizures that are refractory to traditional treatment, other antiepileptic drugs may be introduced such as levetiracetam, topiramate and zonisamide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Di Cara
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (G.D.C.); (E.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Mencaroni
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (G.D.C.); (E.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (G.D.C.); (E.M.); (A.V.)
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Chen M, Jiang Y, Ma L, Zhou X, Wang N. Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Valproate and Levetiracetam on Pediatric Epilepsy and the Effects of Nerve Growth Factor and γ-Aminobutyric Acid. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:520-530. [PMID: 34178799 PMCID: PMC8214608 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i3.5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of sodium valproate combined with levetiracetam on pediatric epilepsy and the effects of nerve growth factor and γ-aminobutyric acid. Methods: Eighty-three epileptic children admitted to Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou, China) from Jan 2018 to Nov 2019 were collected and divided into a control group (40 cases, treated with sodium valproate alone) and an observation group (43 cases, treated with sodium valproate combined with levetiracetam). The therapeutic effect and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. The levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) of children were compared. Changes of cognitive function and the total effective rate were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the therapeutic effect. Results: After treatment, NGF, GABA and NSE in the observation group were significantly improved compared with those before treatment. The cognitive function of the observation group was significantly improved after treatment when compared with the control group. The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. Adverse reactions in the observation group were less than those in the control group. Seizure type, NGF, GABA, NSE and treatment methods were independent risk factors affecting the therapeutic effect of pediatric epilepsy. Conclusion: The application of sodium valproate combined with levetiracetam in the treatment of pediatric epilepsy is helpful to improve the overall therapeutic effect, significantly improve the cognitive function of children, and improve the levels of NGF, GABA and NSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yazhou Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xuedian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Heping Women and Children's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Nuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou City, 221116, China
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Dai X, Yan X, Xie P, Lian J. [Sodium valprovate suppresses autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells via activating miR-34c-5p/ATG4B signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1415-1420. [PMID: 30613007 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of sodium valproate (VPA) on activation of miR-34c-5p/ATG4B signaling pathway and autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS Routinely cultured SH-SY5Y cells were treated with VPA at different doses for 24 h, and the changes in the mRNA levels of ATG4B and miR-34c-5p and the protein expression of ATG4B were assessed using qRTPCR and immunoblotting, respectively. The effect of transfection with a plasmid containing ATG4B promoter on the promoter activity of ATG4B in VPA-treated SH-SY5Y cells was assessed using the reporter gene assay. The stability of ATG4B mRNA was analyzed with qPCR in SH-SY5Y cells treated with VPA alone or with VPA combined with the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. The expression level of miR-34c-5p was detected using qPCR in SH-SY5Y cells treated with VPA alone or with VPA combined with miR-34c-5p mimics or antagonist, and the role of miR-34c-5p in VPA-induced ATG4B down-regulation was evaluated. The changes in the level of autophagy were evaluated by detecting LC3-Ⅱ expression in the cells after treatment with VPA or VPA combined with miR-34c-5p antagonist. RESULTS VPA dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of ATG4B at both the mRNA and protein levels in SH-SY5Y cells. VPA treatment did not significantly affect the promoter activity of ATG4B, but obviously lowered the mRNA stability of ATG4B in SH-SY5Y cells. VPA treatment up-regulated the expression of miR-34c-5p, and the miR-34c-5p antagonist reversed VPA-induced down-regulation of ATG4B in SH-SY5Y cells. VPA also down-regulated the expression level of LC3-Ⅱ in SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSIONS VPA suppresses autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells possibly via activating miR-34c-5p/ATG4B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Psychological Diagnosis and Educational Technology for Children with Special Needs.,Facultiy of Educationfor Children with Special Needs, College of Education Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department ofBiochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department ofBiochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiqin Lian
- Department ofBiochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Liu AH, Wu YT, Wang YP. MicroRNA-129-5p inhibits the development of autoimmune encephalomyelitis-related epilepsy by targeting HMGB1 through the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:139-149. [PMID: 28528202 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the effects of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) on the development of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (AE)-related epilepsy by targeting HMGB1 through the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway in a rat model. AE-related epilepsy models were established. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control, model, miR-129-5p mimics, miR-129-5p inhibitor, HMGB1 shRNA, TLR4/NF-kB (TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway was inhibited) and miR-129-5p mimics+HMGB1 shRNA groups respectively. Latency to a first epilepsy seizure attack was recorded. Neuronal injuries in the hippocampus regions were detected using HE, Nissl and FJB staining methods 24h following model establishment. Microglial cells were detected by OX-42 immunohistochemistry. Expressions of miR-129-5p, HMGB1 and TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expressions of HMGB1 and TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-129-5p was negatively targeting HMGB1. Neurons of hippocampal tissues in rats were heavily injured by an injection of lithium chloride. Compared with the model and control groups, neuronal injury of the hippocampus and AE-related epilepsy decreased and microglial cells increased in the miR-129-5p mimics, HMGB1 shRNA and TLR4/NF-kB groups; however, in the miR-129-5p inhibitor group, miR-129-5p expression decreased, HMGB1 expression increased, TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway was activated, latency to a first epilepsy seizure attack was shortened, and neuronal injury increased. This study provides evidence that miR-129-5p inhibits the development of AE-related epilepsy by suppressing HMGB1 expression and inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Ya-Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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