The role of attachment styles and perceived social support in prediction of methamphetamine abuse

The predictive role of impulsivity and perceived social support in psychiatric symptoms of women with methamphetamine use disorder

Background

Currently, few studies have examined the mental states of Women methamphetamine patients, and the influence of impulsivity and perceived social support on substance misuse-induced mental disorders is unclear. We want to examine the mental state of women with methamphetamine use disorder and compare it to the Chinese norm value of healthy women. Investigate the connection between impulsivity, perceived social support and mental state of women with methamphetamine use disorder.

Method

Two hundred thirty women subjects with a history of methamphetamine usage were recruited. The Chinese version of the SCL-90-R, (SCL-90) was used to evaluate psychological health problems, while the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Barratt Impulsiveness Seale-11 (BIS-11) were utilized to evaluate perceived social support and impulsivity, respectively. The t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, multivariable linear regression, stepwise regression models, moderating effect analysis were used to analyze the statistics.

Results

There was a noticeable difference between the Chinese norm and all participants' SCL-90 ratings, especially for Somatization (t = 24.34, p < 0.001), Anxiety (t = 22.23, p < 0.001), Phobic anxiety (t = 26.47, p < 0.001), and Psychoticism (t = 24.27, p < 0.001). In addition, perceived social support levels and impulsivity levels are independently predictive of SCL-90 scores. Lastly, the impact of Impulsivity on SCL-90 can be modulated by perceived social support.

Conclusion

According to this study, women with methamphetamine use disorder have worse mental health conditions compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, certain psychological symptoms associated with methamphetamine use in women can be aggravated by impulsivity, while perceived social support acts as a protective factor for methamphetamine-related psychiatric symptoms. Specifically, perceived social support weakens the impact of impulsivity on psychiatric symptoms in women with methamphetamine use disorder.

Level and correlates of social support in a community-based sample of Australians who primarily smoke methamphetamine

Little is known about the level and correlates of social support amongst people who use methamphetamine. We aimed to describe, and determine characteristics associated with, social support amongst a community-recruited cohort of Australians who primarily smoked methamphetamine. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Victorian Methamphetamine Cohort Study (VMAX). Adults (aged ≥18 years) who used methamphetamine were recruited from June 2016 to March 2020 across metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas using convenience, snowball, and respondent-driven sampling. Social support was measured using the seven-item Enhancing Recovery In Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) Social Support Inventory (ESSI). Characteristics independently associated with ESSI quartiles were assessed via multivariable partial proportional odds regression. Overall, 718 participants were included for complete-case analysis. Their mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 34.7 (9.7) years and 62% were male. The mean (SD) and median (lower quartile-upper quartile) ESSI scores were 22.6 (7.6) and 24 (16-29), respectively, on a scale of 8 to 34 where higher scores denote better self-perceived social support. Characteristics independently associated with lower ESSI included past-year homelessness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36-0.66), moderate/severe depression (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.42-0.86), increasing age relative to <30 years (aOR[30-39] = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41-0.91; aOR[≥40] = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35-0.91) and greater than fortnightly methamphetamine use (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52-0.91). Characteristics independently associated with higher ESSI were employment (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.06-2.14) and female gender (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.00-1.92). Social support services for people who use methamphetamine could be targeted and tailored to subgroups defined by correlates of social support, such as those who experience homelessness, depression or unemployment.

Psychosocial Needs of the Parents With Teenagers on Drugs: A Qualitative Study

BACKGROUND

Dependence on drugs causes several problems for the individual, family, and society. Such problems are more evident in teenagers and deeply affect the parents. Perceiving these parents' problems and needs is a way to help them with such problems and enable them to provide more support to their children. This study is an attempt to elaborate on the psychological needs of the parents with adolescents who use drugs.

METHODS

The participants were 19 parents with an adolescent with drug use disorder who were selected purposefully. In-depth and semistructured interviews were conducted face-to-face with the participants. All the interviews were recorded and analyzed by conventional content analysis. Guba and Lincoln's four measures of trustworthiness were observed throughout the study.

RESULTS

Analyses of the interviews revealed three themes, seven categories, and 17 subcategories. The themes were receiving support, need for self-confidence, and need for welfare.

CONCLUSION

For different reasons, parents of adolescents who use drugs find it incumbent upon themselves to support and treat their adolescents. Given the many problems, these parents need a variety of social, educational, emotional, interpersonal, and financial supports.

Validation and psychometric properties of the community assessment inventory in Iranian persons who use drug

Objective

Social support is a key factor in the treatment and rehabilitation process of persons who use drug (PWUD). This highlights the need for a valid and reliable tool for assessing social support. The cultural and psychometric properties of community assessment inventory (CAI) in PWUDs under methadone therapy were examined in Iran in 2019.

Methods

The study was carried out as a validation and methodological study. At first, the original tool was translated into Farsi using forward-backward method. After ensuring face validity and content validity, construct reliability of the tool was supported using explorative and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA & CFA) using a sample group of 392 participants. The participants were selected through convenient-quota sampling from 24 drug clinics. Reliability of the questionnaire was supported using Pearson correlation coefficient and internal consistency based on Cronbach’s alpha.

Results

To determine content validity of the tool, CVI and CVR of it were obtained, which were on average equal to 0.79 and 0.59 respectively. The EFA supported correlation of the 37itmes of the tool (KMO = 0.975, Chi-square = 15,051.6, P_value=0.0001). The main indices of the model, based on CFA were higher than 0.9, which support goodness of fit of the model (χ2/DF = 2.98, CFI = 0.91, NFI, TLI = 0.905 GF = 0.92, REMSEA = 0.07, R2 = 0.99). Reliability of the tool based on internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) for the subscales were in 0.8–0.95 interval and equal to 0.85 for the whole tool.

Conclusion

As the results showed, CAI had acceptable indices for Iranian PWUDs under methadone therapy. The tool can be used for assessing social support level in the study population. It is a reliable and valid tool for studies in pertinent fields.

Methamphetamine Abusers' Personality Traits and its Relational with Spiritual Well-being and Perceived Social Support

BACKGROUND

Psychoactive substance abuse is a psychosocial disorder that its, emergence, continuation, and treatment are associated with personality factors, spiritual well-being, and social support.

OBJECTIVE

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between personality traits with spiritual well-being and perceived social support in methamphetamine users undergoing treatment in 2016 in the clinics of Kermanshah City, Iran.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 117 methamphetamine users undergoing treatment in addiction clinics of Kermanshah City, Iran. The formed study population was prepared by convenience sampling according to the inclusion-exclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic form, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Paloutzian and Ellison's spiritual wellbeing scale, and perceived social support inventory of Fleming et al. The collected data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests in SPSS v.23.

RESULTS

The results showed that 82.2% of participants had a moderate level of agreeableness, 88.1% had moderate neuroticism, 93.2% had moderate extraversion, 87.2% had moderate conscientiousness, and 92.2% had a moderate level of openness to experience. In addition, 76.9% of participants had a low level of spiritual well-being and the remaining 23.1% had a moderate spiritual wellness. The mean spiritual well-being and perceived social support scores of participants were 69.94±10.86 and 33.94±7.55, respectively. The findings showed a significant relationship between personality traits and spiritual well-being and social support in methamphetamine users (p = 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that personality traits, perceived social support, and spiritual wellbeing can be considered as risk factors for methamphetamine abuse.

The Effectiveness of Group Spiritual Intervention on Self-esteem and Happiness Among Men Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment

BACKGROUND

Drug dependence or substance use disorder not only affects a person's life but also brings a lot of challenges for families and communities and imposes heavy burdens on them. There are various therapies in the domain of addiction whose main purposes are to reduce or to cut down substance abuse.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group spiritual intervention on selfesteem and happiness among male clients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.

METHODS

This study was an intervention study in which 60 clients affected with substance abuse and undergoing methadone maintenance treatment were recruited. The study samples were selected through convenience sampling method and then divided randomly into two groups of 30 individuals: intervention and control. The intervention group attended group spiritual interventions for 10 sessions. Self-esteem and happiness among the study participants were also measured through Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire before and after the intervention.

RESULTS

The results showed a significant difference between both intervention and control groups in terms of self-esteem and happiness (P < 0.05); so that the participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in their self-esteem and happiness.

CONCLUSION

It was concluded that group spiritual intervention as a useful method could be effective in enhancing self-esteem and happiness among addicted individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. The given treatment could be also used as a complementary therapy beside methadone maintenance treatment to reduce the likelihood of people returning to substance abuse.