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Hermawan A, Wulandari F, Yudi Utomo R, Asmah Susidarti R, Kirihata M, Meiyanto E. Transcriptomics analyses reveal the effects of Pentagamaboronon-0-ol on PI3K/Akt and cell cycle of HER2+ breast cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101847. [PMID: 38028209 PMCID: PMC10652209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monoclonal antibodies and targeted therapies against HER2+ breast cancer has improved overall and disease-free survival in patients; however, encountering drug resistance causes recurrence, necessitating the development of newer HER2-targeted medications. A curcumin analog PGB-0-ol showed most cytotoxicity against HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells than against other subtypes of breast cancer cells. Objective Here, we employed next-generation sequencing technology to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PGB-0-ol on HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells. Methods The molecular mechanism underlying the action of PGB-0-ol on HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells was determined using next-generation sequencing technologies. Additional bioinformatics studies were performed, including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, disease-gene, and drug-gene associations, network topology analysis (NTA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results We detected 2,263 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (1,459 upregulated and 804 downregulated) in the PGB-0-ol- and DMSO-treated HCC1954 cells. KEGG enrichment data revealed the control of phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and ErbB signaling following PGB-0-ol treatment. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that these DEGs governed cell cycle, participated in the mitotic spindle and nuclear membrane, and controlled kinase activity at the molecular level. According to the NTA data for GO enrichment, GSEA data for KEGG, drug-gene and disease-gene, PGB-0-ol regulated PI3K/Akt signaling and cell cycle in breast cancer. Overall, our investigation revealed the transcriptomic profile of PGB-0-ol-treated HCC1954 breast cancer cells following PGB-0-ol therapy. Bioinformatics analyses showed that PI3K/Akt signaling and cell cycle was modulated. However, further studies are required to validate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Febri Wulandari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Asmah Susidarti
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research Center for BNCT, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Dowling GP, Daly GR, Keelan S, Boland F, Toomey S, Hill ADK, Hennessy BT. Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:847-855.e2. [PMID: 37775347 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC), primarily used in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of T-DXd in treating breast cancer, based on clinical trials. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of T-DXd in breast cancer. Clinical trials of any phase were included. Outcome measures were any adverse events and survival. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible. Pooled prevalence for each adverse event of any grade and grade 3 or greater were estimated. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rates (ORRs) were also reported to evaluate the efficacy of T-DXd in breast cancer. A total of 1593 patients from 6 clinical trials were included. Common adverse events of any grade were nausea, anemia, neutropenia, vomiting, fatigue, constipation and diarrhea, occurring in greater than 30% of cases. In terms of adverse events of grade 3 or more, only anemia and neutropenia occurred at a relatively high rate. Median PFS ranged from 11.1 to 22.1 months. There was evidence of a benefit of T-DXd compared to controls in terms of both PFS (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.45) and OS (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.78). ORRs ranged from 37% to 79.9%. The present systematic review shows evidence that T-DXd is a safe and effective agent in the treatment of breast cancer based on currently available data. The most common adverse events affected the blood, lymphatic and gastrointestinal systems. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a notable and potentially serious adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Dowling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical Oncology Lab, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Bons Secours Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gordon R Daly
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Keelan
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Boland
- Data Science Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Toomey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical Oncology Lab, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arnold D K Hill
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical Oncology Lab, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Sun J, Li X, Chen P, Gao Y. From Anti-HER-2 to Anti-HER-2-CAR-T Cells: An Evolutionary Immunotherapy Approach for Gastric Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4061-4085. [PMID: 35873388 PMCID: PMC9304417 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s368138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current Therapeutic modalities provide no survival advantage to gastric cancer (GC) patients. Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is a viable therapeutic strategy against advanced HER-2 positive GC. Antibody-drug conjugates, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and bispecific antibodies are emerging as novel drug forms that may abrogate the resistance to HER-2-specific drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) targeting HER-2 have shown considerable therapeutic potential in GC and other solid tumors. However, due to the high heterogeneity along with the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of GC that often leads to immune escape, the immunological treatment of GC still faces many challenges. Here, we reviewed and discussed the current progress in the research of anti-HER-2-CAR-T cell immunotherapy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
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Linehan AS, Fitzpatrick OM, Morris PG. Profile of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in the Management of Patients with HER2-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer: An Evidence-Based Review. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:151-159. [PMID: 33658846 PMCID: PMC7920506 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s245024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab deruxtecan is a novel antibody–drug conjugate for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, including breast cancer, which overexpress or have amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The novel structure of this exciting new agent means that it can deliver a highly potent cytotoxic agent to HER2-expressing tissues resulting in selective killing of cancer cells. In phase I and II trials, trastuzumab deruxtecan has shown impressive response rates in heavily pretreated populations, including patients who had received prior treatment with trastuzumab emtansine, another highly active antibody–drug conjugate. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal and hematological. Importantly, a high rate of interstitial lung disease was seen in early trials, but this appears manageable in most patients with corticosteroids. In light of its efficacy, this promising new drug may change the treatment paradigm of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Linehan
- Cancer Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla M Fitzpatrick
- Cancer Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Cancer Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Rahardja S, Tan RYC, Sultana R, Leong FL, Lim EH. Efficacy, patterns of use and cost of Pertuzumab in the treatment of HER2+ metastatic breast cancer in Singapore: The National Cancer Centre Singapore experience. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:143-151. [PMID: 32257845 PMCID: PMC7103528 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pertuzumab is a humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody found in a Phase III clinical trial to significantly improve median survival in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) when used in combination with a taxane and Trastuzumab, and its clinical efficacy has transformed the therapeutic landscape of HER2-positive breast cancer. There are currently few reports on the pattern of use and value of Pertuzumab in real world settings. Our study describes the clinical efficacy and treatment costs of Pertuzumab in HER2-positive MBC treated in a tertiary cancer centre in Singapore in a predominantly Asian population.
AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and treatment costs of Pertuzumab in HER2-positive MBC in an Asian population in Singapore.
METHODS A retrospective study of 304 HER2-positive MBC patients seen at National Cancer Centre Singapore between 2011-2017 was conducted. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Clinical characteristics and billing data of patients who received Pertuzumab were compared with those who did not.
RESULTS Thirty-one (62.0%) of the fifty (16.4%) patients who received Pertuzumab as first-line therapy. With a median follow-up of 21.5 mo, there was a statistically significant difference in the median overall survival between Pertuzumab and non-Pertuzumab groups [51.5 (95%CI: 35.8–60.0) vs 32.9 (95%CI: 28.1–37.5) mo; P = 0.0128]. Two (4.88%) patients in the Pertuzumab group experienced grade 3 (G3) cardiotoxicity. The median treatment cost incurred for total chemotherapy for the Pertuzumab group was 130456 Singapore Dollars compared to 34523 Singapore Dollars for the non-Pertuzumab group. The median percentage of total chemotherapy costs per patient in the Pertuzumab group spent on Pertuzumab was 50.3%.
CONCLUSION This study shows that Pertuzumab use in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer is associated with a significantly better survival and a low incidence of serious cardiotoxicity. However, the proportionate cost of Pertuzumab therapy remains high and further cost-effectiveness studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwan Rahardja
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | | | | | - Fun Loon Leong
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
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Deng H, Du X, Wang L, Chen M. Six Months vs. 12 Months of Adjuvant Trastuzumab Among Women With HER2-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Oncol 2020; 10:288. [PMID: 32266131 PMCID: PMC7098966 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Both 12 and 6 months of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy are effective for HER2+ early-stage breast cancer. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness and the toxicity of the two durations. Methods and Materials: We acquired relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Our endpoints included disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), number of recurrences, mortality and early stopping of trastuzumab, and adverse events (AEs). Results: We included five good-quality studies. Both durations of trastuzumab were effective among women with HER2+ early-stage breast cancer, but 12 months of trastuzumab appeared to have better DFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.23, P = 0.09] and better OS than 6 months of trastuzumab (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.99-1.32, P = 0.07). However, the 12 month group had more AEs, especially cardiac events [risk ratio (RR) = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56-0.77, P < 0.00001]. In our sub-analyses, the 12 months duration had better DFS among patients using trastuzumab concurrently than the 6 months duration (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.44, P = 0.006). Additionally, the 12 months duration had superior OS in women with ER-negative breast cancer (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.08, P = 0.01) and patients treated with trastuzumab concurrently than the 6 months duration (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13-2.29, P = 0.008). Conclusions: Twelve months was the standard duration of adjuvant trastuzumab among patients with HER2+ early-stage breast cancer, with a tendency toward superior survival. However, patients in the 12 month group had more significant cardiac toxicity than those in the 6 month group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Du
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Del Prete S, Caraglia M, Luce A, Montella L, Galizia G, Sperlongano P, Cennamo G, Lieto E, Capasso E, Fiorentino O, Aliberti M, Auricchio A, Iodice P, Addeo R. Clinical and pathological factors predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: A single center experience. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3873-3879. [PMID: 31516598 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) of breast cancer (BC) improves outcomes, especially in patients with locally advanced and inflammatory cancer. Further insight into clinic-pathological factors influencing outcomes is essential to define the optimal therapeutic strategy for each category of patients and to predict the response to the treatment. In total, 117 patients with BC were treated with NAC with or without trastuzumab between 2010 and 2015. The histologic response to NAC was defined as a pathological complete response (pCR) when there was no evidence of residual invasive tumor in the breast or axillary lymph nodes. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log rank analysis. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The median age of the 117 patients enrolled in the present study was 52 years (age range, 35-85 years). The overall response rate (complete and partial responses) assessed by radiological and pathological evaluation were 76 and 72%, respectively. pCR was achieved in 35 out of 117 patients (~30%). In total, 6 patients (5%) developed progressive disease during chemotherapy. The RFS was 85 months (SE=3; 95% CI 79-91). The median was not reached and the mean follow-up time was 55 months (median 52 months; range 11-100 months). In this time, 20 patients (17%) experienced tumor recurrence. From the univariate analysis, the pathological response was significantly associated with receptor-based subtype, menopausal status and T-stage. From the multivariate analysis by using linear multiple regression and including receptor- menopausal status and T-stage, the model was not significant (P=0.062). However, by using the multiple logistic regression, and including age, pCR was significantly associated with ER+ HER2neg (P=0.006), T2 (P=0.043) and T3 (P=0.018). T-stage, menopausal status and receptor status are significantly associated with the pathological response in patients with inoperable BC treated with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Del Prete
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital', ASL NA2NORD, I-80027 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Liliana Montella
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital', ASL NA2NORD, I-80027 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galizia
- Division of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sperlongano
- Division of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gregorio Cennamo
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital', ASL NA2NORD, I-80027 Naples, Italy
| | - Eva Lieto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Capasso
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital', ASL NA2NORD, I-80027 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Fiorentino
- Pathologist Department, Medicina Futura Group, I-80011 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Aliberti
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital', ASL NA2NORD, I-80027 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Auricchio
- Division of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Iodice
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital', ASL NA2NORD, I-80027 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Addeo
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital', ASL NA2NORD, I-80027 Naples, Italy
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Nami B, Maadi H, Wang Z. Mechanisms Underlying the Action and Synergism of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100342. [PMID: 30241301 PMCID: PMC6210751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 20⁻30% of breast cancers. HER2 is a preferred target for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are two HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use as adjuvant therapy in combination with docetaxel to treat metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Adding the monoclonal antibodies to treatment regimen has changed the paradigm for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Despite improving outcomes, the percentage of the patients who benefit from the treatment is still low. Continued research and development of novel agents and strategies of drug combinations is needed. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab is essential for moving forward to achieve high efficacy in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. This review examined and analyzed findings and hypotheses regarding the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab and proposed a model of synergism based on available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nami
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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