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Zhou X, Dong S, Zhou Y, He Z, Zhang Z, Liao L, Zou B, Zheng X, Peng K, Duan X. EMX2 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma progress via modulating Akt/FOXO3a pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:951-961. [PMID: 38362840 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Empty spiracles homeobox 2 (EMX2) is initially identified as a key transcription factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of neuronal development and some brain disorders. Recently, several studies emphasized that EMX2 could as a tumor suppressor, but its role in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of EMX2 in the regulation of ccRCC progress. Our results demonstrated that EMX2 expression was markedly decreased in ccRCC tissues and cell lines, and low EMX2 expression predicted the poor prognosis of ccRCC patients. In addition, forced expression of EMX2 significantly inhibited the cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as ccRCC tumor growth in nude mice, via, at least in part, regulating Akt/FOXO3a pathway. In detail, EMX2 could attenuate the phosphorylation levels of Akt and FOXO3a, and increase FOXO3a expression without affecting total Akt expression in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, shRNA-mediated knockdown of FOXO3a expression could obviously attenuate the effects of EMX2 on cell growth, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Furthermore, EMX2 could significantly attenuate the interaction between Akt and FOXO3a. Taken together, our results demonstrated that EMX2 could inhibit ccRCC progress through, at least in part, modulating Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway, thus representing a novel role and underlying mechanism of EMX2 in the regulation of ccRCC progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sicheng Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Liao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangyu Zou
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaoqing Peng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
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Yang S, Yang X, Hou Z, Zhu L, Yao Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Teng J, Fang C, Chen S, Jia M, Liu Z, Kang S, Chen Y, Li G, Niu Y, Cai Q. Rationale for immune checkpoint inhibitors plus targeted therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29215. [PMID: 38623200 PMCID: PMC11016731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a frequent urological malignancy characterized by a high rate of metastasis and lethality. The treatment strategy for advanced RCC has moved through multiple iterations over the past three decades. Initially, cytokine treatment was the only systemic treatment option for patients with RCC. With the development of medicine, antiangiogenic agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin and immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged and received several achievements in the therapeutics of advanced RCC. However, ICIs have still not brought completely satisfactory results due to drug resistance and undesirable side effects. For the past years, the interests form researchers have been attracted by the combination of ICIs and targeted therapy for advanced RCC and the angiogenesis and immunogenic tumor microenvironmental variations in RCC. Therefore, we emphasize the potential principle and the clinical progress of ICIs combined with targeted treatment of advanced RCC, and summarize the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianrui Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zekai Hou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhili Yao
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yanzhuo Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Teng
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Taihe County People's Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Songmao Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Mingfei Jia
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Urology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Shaosan Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yegang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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3
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Miller CP, Shokri F, Akilesh S, Xu Y, Warren EH, Tykodi SS, Tretiakova M. Immunohistochemical Detection of 5T4 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:135-144. [PMID: 36735485 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
5T4 (trophoblast glycoprotein encoded by TPBG ) is a cancer/testis antigen highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and many other cancers but rarely in normal tissues. Interest in developing 5T4 as a prognostic biomarker and direct targeting of 5T4 by emerging receptor-engineered cellular immunotherapies has been hampered by the lack of validated 5T4-specific reagents for immunohistochemistry (IHC). We tested 4 commercially available monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the detection of 5T4 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded RCC and normal tissues. Using parental and TPBG -edited A498 cells, 3 mAbs showed 5T4 specificity. Further analyses focused on 2 mAbs with the most robust staining (MBS1750093, Ab134162). IHC on tissue microarrays incorporating 263 renal tumors showed high staining concordance of these 2 mAbs ranging from 0.80 in chromophobe RCC to 0.89 in advanced clear cell RCC (ccRCC). MBS1750093, the most sensitive, exhibited 2+/3+ staining in papillary RCC (92.2%) > advanced ccRCC (60.0%) > chromophobe RCC (43.6%) > localized ccRCC (39.6%) > oncocytoma (22.7%). RNA in situ hybridization also revealed high levels of TPBG RNA were present most frequently in papillary and advanced ccRCC. In advanced ccRCC, there was a trend towards higher 5T4 expression and regional or distant metastases. Normal organ controls showed no or weak staining with the exception of focal moderate staining in kidney glomeruli and distal tubules by IHC. These data identify mAbs suitable for detecting 5T4 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and demonstrate both interpatient and histologic subtype heterogeneity. Our validated 5T4 IHC protocol will facilitate biomarker studies and support the therapeutic targeting of 5T4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Miller
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | | | | | - Yuexin Xu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Edus H Warren
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Scott S Tykodi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Santoni M, Rizzo A, Kucharz J, Mollica V, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Tassinari E, Monteiro FSM, Soares A, Molina-Cerrillo J, Grande E, Battelli N, Massari F. Complete remissions following immunotherapy or immuno-oncology combinations in cancer patients: the MOUSEION-03 meta-analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:1365-1379. [PMID: 36633661 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has determined unprecedented long-term responses in several hematological and solid tumors. In the MOUSEION-03 study, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the possibility of achieving complete remissions (CR) with immunotherapy or immuno-oncology combinations in cancer patients. METHODS The primary endpoint was to assess the incidence of CR in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or in combination with other agents versus control treatments. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for CR rate were extracted. RESULTS A total of 12,130 potentially relevant trials were identified; 5 phase II and 80 phase III randomized studies (37 monotherapies and 48 combinations) and 49,425 cancer patients were included. The most frequent types of malignancies were non-small cell lung cancer (n = 14,249; 29%), urothelial cancer (n = 6536; 13%), renal cell carcinoma (n = 5743; 12%), and melanoma (n = 2904; 6%). In patients treated with immunotherapy (as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents), the pooled OR was 1.67 (1.52-1.84). The highest OR was registered by immune-based combinations with two ICIs (3.56, 95% CI 1.28-9.90). CONCLUSIONS To the best of the authors' knowledge, no comprehensive meta-analysis on the use of ICIs and ICI-based combinations in solid tumors to systematically investigate the probability to achieve CR has been published so far. Although CR is not a common event in several cancer patients receiving immunotherapy, the MOUSEION-03 suggests that the use of ICIs may significantly increase the chance of achieving CR in comparison with control treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Di Oncologia Medica Per La Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico ″Don Tonino Bello″, Istituto Di Ricerca E Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II-Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Jakub Kucharz
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Tassinari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernando Sabino Marques Monteiro
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group - LACOG, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Santa Lucia, SHLS 716 Cj. C, Brasília, DF, 70390-700, Brazil
| | - Andrey Soares
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group - LACOG, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centro Paulista de Oncologia/Oncoclínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Enrique Grande
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Ramón Y Cajal, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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5
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Master VA, Schmeusser BN, Osunkoya AO, Palacios AR, Midenberg E, Yantorni L, Ogan K, Bilen MA. Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2022; 6:50-55. [PMID: 36751655 PMCID: PMC9888517 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma with level IV tumor thrombus is a condition necessitating aggressive surgical management. Many solid organ malignancies often benefit from neoadjuvant treatments for tumor debulking and improvement of surgical outcomes. However, neoadjuvant treatments for renal cell carcinoma have been limited by its resistance to traditional chemotherapy and radiation. Emerging treatment modalities, such as immunotherapies, are exciting new options that may be therapeutically effective. The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab has exhibited success in managing metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Limited data exist for its use in nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus. This case illustrates the use of nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy in delaying tumor growth, producing observable tumor thrombus histologic and radiologic treatment changes, and, most importantly, facilitating a less invasive surgical approach of a level IV renal cell carcinoma tumor thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj A. Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Adeboye O. Osunkoya
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
,Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arnold R. Palacios
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Midenberg
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren Yantorni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth Ogan
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehmet A. Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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6
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Hong P, Huang W, Du H, Hu D, Cao Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Tong S, Li Z, Tong M. Prognostic value and immunological characteristics of a novel cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs risk signature in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1009555. [PMID: 36406128 PMCID: PMC9669974 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1009555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cuproptosis has been found as a novel cell death mode significantly associated with mitochondrial metabolism, which may be significantly associated with the occurrence and growth of tumors. LncRNAs take on critical significance in regulating the development of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), whereas the correlation between cuproptosis-related LncRNAs (CRLs) and KIRC is not clear at present. Therefore, this study built a prognosis signature based on CRLs, which can achieve accurate prediction of the outcome of KIRC patients. Methods: The TCGA database provided the expression profile information and relevant clinical information of KIRC patients. Univariate Cox, Lasso, and multivariate Cox were employed for building a risk signature based on CRLs. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were employed for the verification and evaluation of the reliability and accuracy of risk signature. Then, qRT-PCR analysis of risk LncRNAs was conducted. Finally, the possible effect of the developed risk signature on the microenvironment for tumor immunization was speculated in accordance with ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms. Results: A prognosis signature composed of APCDD1L-DT, MINCR, AL161782.1, and AC026401.3 was built based on CRLs. As revealed by the results of the K-M survival study, the OS rate and progression-free survival rate of highrisk KIRC patients were lower than those of lowrisk KIRC patients, and the areas under ROC curves of 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.828, 0.780, and 0.794, separately. The results of the immune analysis showed that there were significant differences in the status of immunization and the microenvironment of tumor between groups at low-risk and at high-risk. The qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expression level of MINCR and APCDD1L-DT were higher in 786-O and 769-P tumor cells than in HK-2 cells, which were normal renal tubular epithelial cells. Conclusion: The developed risk signature takes on critical significance in the prediction of the prognosis of patients with KIRC, and it can bring a novel direction for immunotherapy and clinical drug treatment of KIRC. In addition, 4 identified risk LncRNAs (especially APCDD1L-DT and MINCR) can be novel targets for immunotherapy of KIRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Weichao Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huifang Du
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ding Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qingfei Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yinjie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huashan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Siqiao Tong
- The First Clinical College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zizhi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Santoni M, Massari F. Cancer Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Immune System to Fight Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6356. [PMID: 36362584 PMCID: PMC9658344 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cancer immunotherapy has represented an unprecedented revolution in patients with hematological and solid tumors [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Jin S, Liu C, Shi G, Mu Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Su H, Ye D. IL-1A is associated with postoperative survival and immune contexture in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:111.e1-111.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Zhang Z, Tang Y, Li L, Yang W, Xu Y, Zhou J, Ma K, Zhang K, Zhuang H, Gong Y, Gong K. Downregulation of FXYD2 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Increased Regulatory T Cell Infiltration in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4946197. [PMID: 36313180 PMCID: PMC9606837 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4946197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FXYD2, a gene coding for the γ subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase, was demonstrated to involve in carcinogenesis recently. However, the specific role of FXYD2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unknown. The current study was conducted to investigate the expression, biological function, and potentially immune-related mechanisms of FXYD2 in ccRCC. Materials and methods. The data from TCGA-KIRC, ICGC, GEO, Oncomine, ArrayExpress, TIMER, HPA datasets, and our clinical samples were used to determine and validate the expression level, prognostic roles, and potentially immune-related mechanisms in ccRCC. Cell function assays were performed to investigate the biological role of FXYD2 in vitro. RESULTS FXYD2 was identified to be downregulated in ccRCC tissue compared to normal tissue, which was confirmed by our RT-PCR, WB, and IHC analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis suggested that downregulated FXYD2 could independently predict poor survival of ccRCC patients. Through the ESTIMATE algorithm, ssGSEA algorithm, CIBERSORT algorithm, TIMER database, and our laboratory experiment, FXYD2 was found to correlate with the immune landscape, especially regulatory T cells (Treg), in ccRCC. Gain-of-function experiment revealed that FXYD2 could restrain cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Functional enrichment analysis illustrated that TGF-β-SMAD2/3, Notch, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways may be potential signaling pathways of FXYD2 in ccRCC. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of FXYD2 is associated with ccRCC tumorigenesis, poor prognosis, and increased Treg infiltration in ccRCC, which may be related to TGF-β-SMAD2/3, Notch, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways. This will probably provide a novel prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Tang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wuping Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifang Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkai Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hereditary Kidney Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
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10
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Cancer Immunotherapy: Current and Future Perspectives on a Therapeutic Revolution. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225246. [PMID: 34830536 PMCID: PMC8625599 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Pontes O, Oliveira-Pinto S, Baltazar F, Costa M. Renal cell carcinoma therapy: Current and new drug candidates. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:304-314. [PMID: 34265458 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common and lethal tumor of the urological system. Curative treatment of localized RCC includes nephrectomy, radio-ablation, and active surveillance, whereas metastatic RCC (mRCC) requires a combination of surgery and systemic therapy. Response to conventional therapy is limited but, recently, many novel therapies for mRCC have emerged, including targeted therapies and new immunotherapeutic agents. Nevertheless, development of resistance and limited durable responses demand new anticancer candidates with improved selectivity and efficacy. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical studies of novel natural and synthetic compounds to treat RCC, detailing their mechanisms of action and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia Pontes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sofia Oliveira-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marta Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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12
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Santoni M, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Ricci AD, Grilli G, Greco A, Montironi R, Ardizzoni A, Massari F. Comparative effectiveness of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors according to IMDC risk groups in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:783-793. [PMID: 33906376 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations have become the new standard of primary systemic treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. We performed a meta-analysis aimed at evaluating ICIs plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combinations across International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk groups. Materials & methods: All the relevant randomized clinical trials were retrieved through Cochrane library, PubMed/Med and EMBASE; three Phase III randomized clinical trials were included. Results: ICI-TKI combinations significantly decreased the risk of death in IMDC poor- and intermediate-risk patients. Conversely, a nonstatistically significant benefit was observed in favorable-risk patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that IMDC poor-risk patients benefit most from ICI-TKI combinations, while a proportion of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients could respond to targeted agent monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | | | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Giada Grilli
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Alba Greco
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
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13
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Varkaris A, Xu W, Davis RB, Healy B, McDermott DF. Combining Immune Checkpoint and VEGFR Inhibition in Favorable Risk and Elderly Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 18:179-184.e3. [PMID: 32144046 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the most commonly used medications in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Recently, large clinical trials have shown favorable outcomes in patients treated with combined immune checkpoint plus VEGFR inhibition compared with VEGFR inhibition alone. However, the benefit among favorable risk (based on International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium score) and elderly (age > 65 years) patients was not clear, leading to a discrepancy between United States Food and Drug Administration and European Association of Urology recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched available literature for phase III randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of combining immunotherapy plus VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors versus standard of care in patients with previously untreated mRCC. Combinations that were included in United States Food and Drug Administration recommendations or European Association of Urology guidelines were used for analysis. We performed a meta-analysis with a random effects model to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy-VEGFR inhibitor combinations compared with sunitinib in favorable risk and elderly patients. RESULTS Our analysis demonstrated that progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly prolonged with combination therapy compared with sunitinib in patients with age > 65 years (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.84; P = .001). The PFS in favorable risk disease was improved with combination therapy compared with sunitinib, but the difference was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-1.01; P = .055). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis strengthens the trend of beneficial effect in prolonging PFS in both subgroups compared with each trial alone, indicating that favorable risk and elderly patients with mRCC likely benefit from combining programmed cell death 1 or programmed cell death-ligand 1 and VEGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Varkaris
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Roger B Davis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Brian Healy
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David F McDermott
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, MA.
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