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Wichur T, Godyń J, Góral I, Latacz G, Bucki A, Siwek A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Śniecikowska J, Walczak M, Knez D, Jukič M, Sałat K, Gobec S, Kołaczkowski M, Malawska B, Brazzolotto X, Więckowska A. Development and crystallography-aided SAR studies of multifunctional BuChE inhibitors and 5-HT 6R antagonists with β-amyloid anti-aggregation properties. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113792. [PMID: 34530376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lack of an effective treatment makes Alzheimer's disease a serious healthcare problem and a challenge for medicinal chemists. Herein we report interdisciplinary research on novel multifunctional ligands targeting proteins and processes involved in the development of the disease: BuChE, 5-HT6 receptors and β-amyloid aggregation. Structure-activity relationship analyses supported by crystallography and docking studies led to the identification of a fused-type multifunctional ligand 50, with remarkable and balanced potencies against BuChE (IC50 = 90 nM) and 5-HT6R (Ki = 4.8 nM), and inhibitory activity against Aβ aggregation (53% at 10 μM). In in vitro ADME-Tox and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies compound 50 showed good stability in the mouse liver microsomes, favourable safety profile and brain permeability with the brain to plasma ratio of 6.79 after p.o. administration in mice, thus being a promising candidate for in vivo pharmacology studies and a solid foundation for further research on effective anti-AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wichur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabella Góral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Śniecikowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Wichur T, Pasieka A, Godyń J, Panek D, Góral I, Latacz G, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Bucki A, Siwek A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Knez D, Brazzolotto X, Gobec S, Kołaczkowski M, Sabate R, Malawska B, Więckowska A. Discovery of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole-based multifunctional ligands targeting cholinesterases and 5-HT 6 receptor with anti-aggregation properties against amyloid-beta and tau. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113783. [PMID: 34461507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional ligands as an essential variant of polypharmacology are promising candidates for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Based on clinical evidence and following the paradigm of multifunctional ligands we have rationally designed and synthesized a series of compounds targeting processes involved in the development of the disease. The biological evaluation led to the discovery of two compounds with favorable pharmacological characteristics and ADMET profile. Compounds 17 and 35 are 5-HT6R antagonists (Ki = 13 nM and Ki = 15 nM respectively) and cholinesterase inhibitors with distinct mechanisms of enzyme inhibition. Compound 17, a tacrine derivative is a reversible inhibitor of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 8 nM and IC50 = 24 nM respectively), while compound 35 with rivastigmine-derived phenyl N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamate fragment is a selective, pseudo-irreversible inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 455 nM). Both compounds inhibit aggregation of amyloid β in vitro (75% for compound 17 and 68% for 35 at 10 μM) moreover, compound 35 is a potent tau aggregation inhibitor in cellulo (79%). In ADMET in vitro studies both compounds showed acceptable metabolic stability on mouse liver microsomes (28% and 60% for compound 17 and 35 respectively), no or little effect on CYP3A4 and 2D6 up to a concentration of 10 μM and lack of toxicity on HepG2 cell line (IC50 values of 80 and 21 μM, for 17 and 35 respectively). Based on the pharmacological characteristics and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, we propose compounds 17 and 35 as an excellent starting point for further optimization and in-depth biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wichur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Pasieka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabella Góral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Adam Bucki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Raimon Sabate
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Stoiljkovic M, Horvath TL, Hajós M. Therapy for Alzheimer's disease: Missing targets and functional markers? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101318. [PMID: 33711510 PMCID: PMC8131215 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of the next generation therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a huge challenge given the number of promising treatment candidates that failed in trials, despite recent advancements in understanding of genetic, pathophysiologic and clinical characteristics of the disease. This review reflects some of the most current concepts and controversies in developing disease-modifying and new symptomatic treatments. It elaborates on recent changes in the AD research strategy for broadening drug targets, and potentials of emerging non-pharmacological treatment interventions. Established and novel biomarkers are discussed, including emerging cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers reflecting tau pathology, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. These fluid biomarkers together with neuroimaging findings can provide innovative objective assessments of subtle changes in brain reflecting disease progression. A particular emphasis is given to neurophysiological biomarkers which are well-suited for evaluating the brain overall neural network integrity and function. Combination of multiple biomarkers, including target engagement and outcome biomarkers will empower translational studies and facilitate successful development of effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Nis School of Medicine, Nis, Serbia.
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Cognito Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Marcinkowska M, Śniecikowska J, Fajkis N, Paśko P, Franczyk W, Kołaczkowski M. Management of Dementia-Related Psychosis, Agitation and Aggression: A Review of the Pharmacology and Clinical Effects of Potential Drug Candidates. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:243-268. [PMID: 32052375 PMCID: PMC7048860 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Along with cognitive decline, 90% of patients with dementia experience behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, such as psychosis, aggression, agitation, and depression. Atypical antipsychotics are commonly prescribed off-label to manage certain symptoms, despite warnings from the regulatory agencies regarding the increased risk of mortality associated with their use in elderly patients. Moreover, these compounds display a limited clinical efficacy, mostly owing to the fact that they were developed to treat schizophrenia, a disease characterized by neurobiological deficits. Thus, to improve clinical efficacy, it has been suggested that patients with dementia should be treated with exclusively designed and developed drugs that interact with pharmacologically relevant targets. Within this context, numerous studies have suggested druggable targets that might achieve therapeutically acceptable pharmacological profiles. Based on this, several different drug candidates have been proposed that are being investigated in clinical trials for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. We highlight the recent advances toward the development of therapeutic agents for dementia-related psychosis and agitation/aggression and discuss the relationship between the relevant biological targets and their etiology. In addition, we review the compounds that are in the early stage of development (discovery or preclinical phase) and those that are currently being investigated in clinical trials for dementia-related psychosis and agitation/aggression. We also discuss the mechanism of action of these compounds and their pharmacological utility in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Joanna Śniecikowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, 30-688 Poland ,Adamed Pharma S.A., Czosnow, Poland
| | - Nikola Fajkis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, 30-688 Poland
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, 30-688 Poland
| | - Weronika Franczyk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, 30-688 Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, 30-688 Poland ,Adamed Pharma S.A., Czosnow, Poland
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Novel Treatment Opportunities Against Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease with an Emphasis on Diabetes-Related Pathways. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:143-160. [PMID: 30687888 PMCID: PMC6373401 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and causes adverse health outcomes. Novel procognitive therapies are needed to address this unmet need. It is now established that there is an increased risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and, moreover, T2DM and PD may have common underlying biological mechanisms. As such, T2DM medications are emerging as potential therapies in the context of PD dementia (PDD). In this review, we provide an update on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments and PDD, focusing on diabetes-related pathways. Finally, we have conducted a review of ongoing clinical trials in PD patients with dementia, highlighting the multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are targeted to achieve cognitive enhancement.
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Khoury R, Grysman N, Gold J, Patel K, Grossberg GT. The role of 5 HT6-receptor antagonists in Alzheimer's disease: an update. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:523-533. [PMID: 29848076 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1483334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite recent advances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, no breakthrough treatments have been discovered. Cholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA-receptor antagonist memantine are currently the two approved symptomatic treatments for AD. 5-HT6 receptor antagonism has recently emerged as a promising treatment strategy to improve cognition in AD, with a modest side-effect profile. AREAS COVERED 5-HT6 receptors, exclusively found in the central nervous system, modulate primarily GABA and glutamate levels, facilitating the secondary release of other neurotransmitters including dopamine, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine, all of which are compromised in AD. This review discusses findings of preclinical and phase I-III clinical trials conducted with three major 5-HT6 receptor antagonists: idalopirdine, intepirdine, and SUVN-502, in the field of AD. EXPERT OPINION Despite early positive findings, larger phase-III trials have failed to demonstrate any statistically significant impact on cognition for both idalopirdine and intepirdine, as adjunct to cholinesterase inhibitors. Paradoxically, 5-HT6 receptor agonists have also been shown to have cognitive enhancing properties. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of the 5-HT6 receptor and its ligands is warranted. Investigating 5-HT6 receptor partial or inverse agonists may be promising in future AD trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Khoury
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Noam Grysman
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Jake Gold
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Kush Patel
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - George T Grossberg
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Więckowska A, Wichur T, Godyń J, Bucki A, Marcinkowska M, Siwek A, Więckowski K, Zaręba P, Knez D, Głuch-Lutwin M, Kazek G, Latacz G, Mika K, Kołaczkowski M, Korabecny J, Soukup O, Benkova M, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Gobec S, Malawska B. Novel Multitarget-Directed Ligands Aiming at Symptoms and Causes of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1195-1214. [PMID: 29384656 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health problem, which is due to its increasing prevalence and lack of effective therapy or diagnostics. The complexity of the AD pathomechanism requires complex treatment, e.g. multifunctional ligands targeting both the causes and symptoms of the disease. Here, we present new multitarget-directed ligands combining pharmacophore fragments that provide a blockade of serotonin 5-HT6 receptors, acetyl/butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, and amyloid β antiaggregation activity. Compound 12 has displayed balanced activity as an antagonist of 5-HT6 receptors ( Ki = 18 nM) and noncompetitive inhibitor of cholinesterases (IC50 hAChE = 14 nM, IC50 eqBuChE = 22 nM). In further in vitro studies, compound 12 has shown amyloid β antiaggregation activity (IC50 = 1.27 μM) and ability to permeate through the blood-brain barrier. The presented findings may provide an excellent starting point for further studies and facilitate efforts to develop new effective anti-AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lozupone M, La Montagna M, D'Urso F, Piccininni C, Sardone R, Dibello V, Giannelli G, Solfrizzi V, Greco A, Daniele A, Quaranta N, Seripa D, Bellomo A, Logroscino G, Panza F. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of depression in patients with alzheimer's disease: a treatment-resistant depressive disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:823-842. [PMID: 29726758 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1471136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of depressive disorders in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) represents a clinical challenge. pharmacological options are often attempted after a period of watchful waiting (8-12 weeks). monoaminergic antidepressant drugs have shown only modest or null clinical benefits, maybe because the etiology of depressive symptoms in ad patients is fundamentally different from that of nondemented subjects. AREAS COVERED The following article looks at the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline, which is one of the most frequently studied antidepressant medications in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It also discusses many other pharmacological approaches that have proven to be inadequate (antipsychotics, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, anticonvulsants, hormone replacement therapy) and new drug classes (mainly affecting glutamate transmission) that are being studied for treating depression in AD. It also gives discussion to the phase II RCT on the alternative drug S47445 and the potential effect on cognition of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine in older depressed patients. Finally, it discusses the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine. EXPERT OPINION The present RCT methodologies are too disparate to draw firm conclusions. Future studies are required to identify effective and multimodal pharmacological treatments that efficiently treat depression in AD. Genotyping may boost antidepressant treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Maddalena La Montagna
- b Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Francesca D'Urso
- b Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Carla Piccininni
- b Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital , Castellana Grotte, Bari , Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- d Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section of Dentistry , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital , Castellana Grotte, Bari , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- e Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- f Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia , Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- g Institute of Neurology , Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- h Otolaryngology Unit , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- f Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia , Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- b Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy.,i Department of Clinical Research in Neurology , University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Tricase, Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy.,f Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia , Italy.,i Department of Clinical Research in Neurology , University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Tricase, Lecce , Italy
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Hampel H, Vergallo A, Aguilar LF, Benda N, Broich K, Cuello AC, Cummings J, Dubois B, Federoff HJ, Fiandaca M, Genthon R, Haberkamp M, Karran E, Mapstone M, Perry G, Schneider LS, Welikovitch LA, Woodcock J, Baldacci F, Lista S. Precision pharmacology for Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:331-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Khoury R, Patel K, Gold J, Hinds S, Grossberg GT. Recent Progress in the Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Drugs Aging 2018; 34:811-820. [PMID: 29116600 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-017-0499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common major neurocognitive disorder with substantial social and economic impacts. This article is an update on current pharmacotherapy, advancements in biomarker use, and drugs in the pipeline for this disease. To date, no new drug has qualified to be added to the current therapeutic arsenal comprising cholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. Drugs in the pipeline include symptomatic therapies that are neurotransmitter-based, but mostly disease-modifying therapies. The latter have yielded disappointing results by focusing mainly on the two pathophysiological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease: Aβ amyloid deposits and tau protein aggregates forming neurofibrillary tangles. These unsuccessful trials may have resulted from studying these drugs 'too late' relative to Alzheimer's disease onset, in addition to focusing only on the amyloid cascade. In fact, Alzheimer's disease is a complex multifactorial disease. Combining different biomarkers might enhance our ability to identify those patients most at risk of developing the disease, and better predict their conversion rates. Furthermore, adopting an integrative treatment approach by targeting additional pathophysiological pathways in Alzheimer's disease such as inflammation and oxidative stress could be the key to better outcomes in Alzheimer's disease pharmacotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Khoury
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Kush Patel
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Jake Gold
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Stephanie Hinds
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - George T Grossberg
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
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Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Anderson G, Rosati J, Mazzoccoli G, Linkova NS. Reciprocal Interactions of Mitochondria and the Neuroimmunoendocrine System in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Important Role for Melatonin Regulation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:199. [PMID: 29593561 PMCID: PMC5857592 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional alterations of mitochondria are intimately linked to a wide array of medical conditions. Many factors are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function, including cytokines, chaperones, chemokines, neurosteroids, and ubiquitins. The role of diffusely located cells of the neuroendocrine system, including biogenic amines and peptide hormones, in the management of mitochondrial function, as well as the role of altered mitochondrial function in the regulation of these cells and system, is an area of intense investigation. The current article looks at the interactions among the cells of the neuronal-glia, immune and endocrine systems, namely the diffuse neuroimmunoendocrine system (DNIES), and how DNIES interacts with mitochondrial function. Whilst changes in DNIES can impact on mitochondrial function, local, and systemic alterations in mitochondrial function can alter the component systems of DNIES and their interactions. This has etiological, course, and treatment implications for a wide range of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders. Available data on the role of melatonin in these interactions, at cellular and system levels, are reviewed, with directions for future research indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Polyakova
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductology, Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor M Kvetnoy
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductology, Ott Institute of Obstetrics, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - George Anderson
- CRC Scotland and London Clinical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Natalya S Linkova
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Zhang Q, Yang C, Liu T, Liu L, Li F, Cai Y, Lv K, Li X, Gao J, Sun D, Xu H, Yang Q, Fan X. Citalopram restores short-term memory deficit and non-cognitive behaviors in APP/PS1 mice while halting the advance of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Neuropharmacology 2017; 131:475-486. [PMID: 29241655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. In addition to cognitive impairments, deficits in non-cognitive behaviors are also common neurological sequelae in AD. Here, we show that complex behavioral deficits in 7-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice include impairments in object recognition, deficient social interaction, increased depression and buried marbles. Citalopram, one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), ameliorated the amyloid deposition in AD patients and transgenic animal models. After treatment for 4 weeks, citalopram rescued the deficits in short-term memory, sociability and depression in these mice. Further immunohistochemical analysis showed chronic citalopram treatment significantly attenuated β-amyloid deposition and microglial activation in the brains of APP/PS1 mice as demonstrated previously. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, which are the primary cellular subtype of GABAergic neurons and considered indispensable for short-term memory and social interaction, also contributed to the progress of depression. Additionally, we found the citalopram could significantly increase the PV-positive neurons in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice without alteration in the hippocampus, which might contribute to the improvement of behavioral performance. Our findings suggest that citalopram might be a potential candidate for the early treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yulong Cai
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Keyi Lv
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Dayu Sun
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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13
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Bucki A, Marcinkowska M, Śniecikowska J, Więckowski K, Pawłowski M, Głuch-Lutwin M, Gryboś A, Siwek A, Pytka K, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Partyka A, Wesołowska A, Mierzejewski P, Kołaczkowski M. Novel 3-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole-Based Multifunctional Ligands with Antipsychotic-Like, Mood-Modulating, and Procognitive Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7483-7501. [PMID: 28763213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The most troublesome aspects of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are nowadays addressed by antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic drugs, often administered off-label. Considering their modest effectiveness in dementia patients, the increased risk of adverse events and cognitive decline, there is an unmet need for well-tolerated and effective therapy of BPSD. We designed and synthesized multifunctional ligands characterized in vitro as high-affinity partial agonists of D2R, antagonists of 5-HT6R, and blockers of SERT. Moreover, the molecules activated 5-HT1AR and blocked 5-HT7R while having no relevant affinity for off-target M1R and hERG channel. Compound 16 (N-{2-[4-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide) exhibited a broad antipsychotic-, antidepressant-, and anxiolytic-like activity, not eliciting motor impairments in mice. Most importantly, 16 showed memory-enhancing properties and it ameliorated memory deficits induced by scopolamine. The molecule outperformed most important comparators in selected tests, indicating its potential in the treatment of both cognitive and noncognitive (behavioral and psychological) symptoms of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bucki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Śniecikowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Więckowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Gryboś
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Anna Partyka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Mierzejewski
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.,Adamed Ltd. , Pieńków 149, 05-152 Czosnów, Poland
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14
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Ferris CF, Kulkarni P, Yee JR, Nedelman M, de Jong IEM. The Serotonin Receptor 6 Antagonist Idalopirdine and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil Have Synergistic Effects on Brain Activity-A Functional MRI Study in the Awake Rat. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:279. [PMID: 28659792 PMCID: PMC5467007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-HT6 receptor is a promising target for cognitive disorders, in particular for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other CNS disorders. The high-affinity and selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist idalopirdine (Lu AE58054) is currently in development for mild-moderate AD as adjunct therapy to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). We studied the effects of idalopirdine alone and in combination with the AChEI donepezil on brain activity using BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the awake rat. Idalopirdine (2 mg/kg, i.v.) alone had a modest effect on brain activity, resulting in activation of eight brain regions at the peak response. Of these, the cholinergic diagonal band of Broca, the infralimbic cortex, the ventral pallidum, the nucleus accumbens shell, and the magnocellular preoptic area were shared with the effects of donepezil (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.). Donepezil alone activated 19 brain regions at the peak response, including several cortical regions, areas of the septo-hippocampal system and the serotonergic raphe nucleus. When idalopirdine and donepezil were combined, there was a robust stimulation pattern with activation of 36 brain regions spread across the extended-amygdala-, striato-pallidal, and septo-hippocampal networks as well as the cholinergic system. These findings indicate that, whilst idalopirdine and donepezil recruit a number of overlapping regions including one of the forebrain cholinergic nuclei, the synergistic effect of both compounds extends beyond the cholinergic system and the effects of donepezil alone toward recruitment of multiple neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems. These data provide new insight into the mechanisms via which idalopirdine might improve cognition in donepezil-treated AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F Ferris
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, United States
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, United States
| | - Jason R Yee
- Department of Psychology, Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, United States
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15
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Nirogi R, Ajjala DR, Aleti R, Rayapati L, Pantangi HR, Boggavarapu RK, Padala NSP. Development and validation of sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of SUVN-502 and its metabolite and its application for first in human pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:423-430. [PMID: 28734271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of SUVN-502 and M1 of SUVN-502, a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist for the treatment of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease. Following solid-phase extraction, SUVN-502 and M1 of SUVN-502 and IS were eluted with 10mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile using a rapid gradient program on reverse phase column. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to monitor the respective transitions of m/z 478.2→377.7 for SUVN-502 and m/z 464.1→377.7 for M1 of SUVN-502. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 10-10000pg/mL for SUVN-502 and 20-20000pg/mL for M1 of SUVN-502 in human plasma. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The within batch accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits. All the other validation parameters were within the acceptable limits. The validated method was applied to analyze human plasma samples obtained from a human pharmacokinetic study consisting single and multiple ascending doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road - 5, Avenue - 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India.
| | - Devender Reddy Ajjala
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road - 5, Avenue - 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Raghupathi Aleti
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road - 5, Avenue - 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Lakshmiprasanna Rayapati
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road - 5, Avenue - 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Hanumanth Rao Pantangi
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road - 5, Avenue - 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Boggavarapu
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road - 5, Avenue - 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Naga Surya Prakash Padala
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road - 5, Avenue - 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
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