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Gera K, Chauhan A, Castillo P, Rahman M, Mathavan A, Mathavan A, Oganda-Rivas E, Elliott L, Wingard JR, Sayour EJ. Vaccines: a promising therapy for myelodysplastic syndrome. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:4. [PMID: 38191498 PMCID: PMC10773074 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) define clonal hematopoietic malignancies characterized by heterogeneous mutational and clinical spectra typically seen in the elderly. Curative treatment entails allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, which is often not a feasible option due to older age and significant comorbidities. Immunotherapy has the cytotoxic capacity to elicit tumor-specific killing with long-term immunological memory. While a number of platforms have emerged, therapeutic vaccination presents as an appealing strategy for MDS given its promising safety profile and amenability for commercialization. Several preclinical and clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of vaccines in MDS; these include peptide vaccines targeting tumor antigens, whole cell-based vaccines and dendritic cell-based vaccines. These therapeutic vaccines have shown acceptable safety profiles, but consistent clinical responses remain elusive despite robust immunological reactions. Combining vaccines with immunotherapeutic agents holds promise and requires further investigation. Herein, we highlight therapeutic vaccine trials while reviewing challenges and future directions of successful vaccination strategies in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Gera
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul Castillo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Akash Mathavan
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Akshay Mathavan
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Oganda-Rivas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leighton Elliott
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John R Wingard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Elias J Sayour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Yu F, Liu G, Zhang H, Wang X, Wu Z, Xu Q, Wu Y, Chen D. Cell Adhesion Molecule CD99 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:1028-1036. [PMID: 36214301 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221007143513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD99 antigen is a transmembrane protein expressed in a broad variety of tissues, particularly in hematopoietic cells, thymus, endothelial cells, etc. It participates in several crucial biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, death, differentiation, and inflammation. CD99 has shown oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in different types of cancer. Therefore, it has been used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for several types of cancer. Moreover, it has also been reported to be involved in several critical immune processes, such as T cell activation and differentiation, dendritic cell differentiation, and so on. Hence, CD99 may have potential values in cancer immunotherapy. Anti-CD99 antibodies have shown therapeutic effects on certain types of cancer, especially on Ewing sarcoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This review summarizes the recent progress of CD99 in cancer research and targeting therapies, especially in cancer immunotherapy, which may help researchers understand the crucial roles of CD99 in cancer development and design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223812, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223812, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223812, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 22530, China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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CD99 as a novel therapeutic target on leukemic progenitor cells in FLT3-ITDmut AML. Leukemia 2022; 36:1685-1688. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wu J, Zhang L, Li H, Wu S, Liu Z. Nrf2 induced cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by promoting CD99 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:698-705. [PMID: 31472965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance is a vital obstacle for the prognosis of ovarian cancer. However, the mechanism of cisplatin resistance is still unknown. This research was performed to explore the role of Nrf2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2) and CD99 (CD99 molecule) in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. QRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of CD99 in ovarian cancer cells and tissues with different cisplatin sensitivities. Cell viability was analyzed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). The relationship of Nrf2 and CD99 was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Bioinformatics analysis was performed to search for the downstream gene of CD99. In this study, it was revealed that CD99 was highly expressed in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells and tissues, while lower CD99 expression was found in cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cells and tissues. In addition, the overexpression of CD99 resulted in cisplatin resistance; on the other hand, knockdown of CD99 sensitized ovarian cancer to cisplatin. Furthermore, survival analysis indicated that overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with higher CD99 expression were shorter than those with lower CD99 expression. It was also found that when Nrf2 was upregulated in cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cells, CD99 expression and cell viability increased after cisplatin treatment. Knockdown of CD99 could reverse cisplatin resistance induced by Nrf2. Conversely, when Nrf2 was knocked down in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, CD99 expression and cell viability with cisplatin treatment decreased, while simultaneously upregulating CD99 reactivated cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP analysis suggested CD99 was a downstream gene of Nrf2, and Nrf2 positively regulated the expression of CD99 at the transcriptional level. In conclusion, Nrf2 induced cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by promoting CD99 expression. Targeted CD99 might be an effective way to reverse cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Suqin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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