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Ahmadipour M, Prado JC, Hakak-Zargar B, Mahmood MQ, Rogers IM. Using ex vivo bioengineered lungs to model pathologies and screening therapeutics: A proof-of-concept study. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38837764 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, claim over eight million lives annually. However, the transition from preclinical to clinical phases in research studies is often hindered, partly due to inadequate representation of preclinical models in clinical trials. To address this, we conducted a proof-of-concept study using an ex vivo model to identify lung pathologies and to screen therapeutics in a humanized rodent model. We extracted and decellularized mouse heart-lung tissues using a detergent-based technique. The lungs were then seeded and cultured with human cell lines (BEAS-2B, A549, and Calu3) for 6-10 days, representing healthy lungs, cancerous states, and congenital pathologies, respectively. By manipulating cultural conditions and leveraging the unique characteristics of the cell lines, we successfully modeled various pathologies, including advanced-stage solid tumors and the primary phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Validation was conducted through histology, immunofluorescence staining, and pathology analysis. Additionally, our study involved pathological screening of the efficacy and impact of key anti-neoplastic therapeutics (Cisplatin and Wogonin) in cancer models. The results highlight the versatility and strength of the ex vivo model in representing crucial lung pathologies and screening therapeutics during the preclinical phase. This approach holds promise for bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical research, aiding in the development of effective treatments for respiratory diseases, including lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Ahmadipour
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jorge Castilo Prado
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benyamin Hakak-Zargar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malik Quasir Mahmood
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian M Rogers
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Preclinical Models of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225646. [PMID: 36428741 PMCID: PMC9688518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NENs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of cancers that can arise from neuroendocrine tissues throughout the body and differentiate them from other tumors. Their low incidence and high diversity make many of them orphan conditions characterized by a low incidence and few dedicated clinical trials. Study of the molecular and genetic nature of these diseases is limited in comparison to more common cancers and more dependent on preclinical models, including both in vitro models (such as cell lines and 3D models) and in vivo models (such as patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs)). While preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the nature of these cancers in patients, they are useful tools in investigation of the basic biology and early-stage investigation for evaluation of treatments for these cancers. We review available preclinical models for each type of NEN and discuss their history as well as their current use and translation.
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Maurya SK, Lakshmanan I, Jain M, Ganti AK, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Epigenetic landscape of small cell lung cancer: small image of a giant recalcitrant disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:57-76. [PMID: 33220460 PMCID: PMC8218609 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a particular subtype of lung cancer with high mortality. Recent advances in understanding SCLC genomics and breakthroughs of immunotherapy have substantially expanded existing knowledge and treatment modalities. However, challenges associated with SCLC remain enigmatic and elusive. Most of the conventional drug discovery approaches targeting altered signaling pathways in SCLC end up in the 'grave-yard of drug discovery', which mandates exploring novel approaches beyond inhibiting cell signaling pathways. Epigenetic modifications have long been documented as the key contributors to the tumorigenesis of almost all types of cancer, including SCLC. The last decade witnessed an exponential increase in our understanding of epigenetic modifications for SCLC. The present review highlights the central role of epigenetic regulations in acquiring neoplastic phenotype, metastasis, aggressiveness, resistance to chemotherapy, and immunotherapeutic approaches of SCLC. Different types of epigenetic modifications (DNA/histone methylation or acetylation) that can serve as predictive biomarkers for prognostication, treatment stratification, neuroendocrine lineage determination, and development of potential SCLC therapies are also discussed. We also review the utility of epigenetic targets/epidrugs in combination with first-line chemotherapy and immunotherapy that are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies. Altogether, the information presents the inclusive landscape of SCLC epigenetics and epidrugs that will help to improve SCLC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Yu JG, Ji CH, Shi MH. The anti-infection drug furazolidone inhibits NF-κB signaling and induces cell apoptosis in small cell lung cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:998-1003. [PMID: 32767507 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has become a promising strategy for the development of new antitumor drugs. In this paper, we found that anti-infection drug furazolidone (FZD) could significantly inhibit NF-κB-driven luciferase activity, and FZD could markedly inhibit both of the constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-triggered phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Further studies revealed that FZD inhibited the expression of inhibitor of kappa B kinase β (IKKβ) in SCLC cells. In addition, we found that FZD had significant antitumor activities in SCLC cells. FZD could markedly suppress the cell viability of SCLC cells dose-dependently, and FZD could significantly induce the cleavages of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and Caspase3, the biomarkers of cell apoptosis, in SCLC cells. The flow cytometry also revealed that FZD induced cell apoptosis in SCLC cells. Finally, we also found that overexpression of constitutively activated IKKβ could significantly abolish FZD-induced cell growth inhibition in SCLC cells, which further confirmed that FZD displayed its anti-SCLC activity through regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Guo Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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