Targeting VCAM-1: a therapeutic opportunity for vascular damage

Research progress of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) contains a variety of biologically active compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, organic acids, volatile oils, and vitamins. It has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. In this paper, we evaluated the pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn in cardiovascular diseases through preclinical studies, and revealed the mechanism of action of the active components in sea buckthorn in cardiovascular diseases, including anti-inflammatory, lipid oxidation regulation, antioxidant, vascular function modulation, anti-platelet aggregation, autophagy, intestinal microorganism regulation, and cell apoptosis reduction. In clinical trials, sea buckthorn was proven to be effective in managing lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels in patients. We also extensively reviewed the safety of sea buckthorn medicine and its toxicity to numerous organs. To summarize, sea buckthorn has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease and may give a novel strategy for clinical intervention and therapy. This paper summarizes the phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical applications, safety, and toxicity of sea buckthorn in order to better understand the mechanism of action of the various bioactive components in sea buckthorn, investigate its medicinal potential, and provide more options for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Non-coding RNAs in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: their role and mechanisms underlying their effects

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes with a high rate of disability. However, current clinical treatments for DPN are suboptimal. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a type of RNAs that are not translated into proteins. NcRNAs perform functions that regulate epigenetic modifications, transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulators of proteins, and thus participate in the physiological and pathological processes of the body. NcRNAs play a role in the progress of DPN by affecting the processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular autophagy or apoptosis. Therefore, ncRNAs treatment is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach for DPN. In addition, since some ncRNAs present stably in the blood of DPN patients, they are considered as potential biomarkers that contribute to early clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we review the studies on the role of ncRNAs in DPN in the last decade, and discuss the mechanisms of ncRNAs, aiming to provide a reference for the future research on the treatment and early diagnosis of DPN.

Pathophysiology and Genetic Associations of Varicose Veins: A Narrative Review

Varicose veins (VVs) have a high prevalence worldwide and have become a major medical burden. Their pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of inflammation and tissue remodeling, and current treatment is limited by its impact on the pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, despite clear environmental factors, family history is an important risk factor, suggesting a genetic component to the risk of developing VVs. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases has benefited greatly from the expansion of population genetic studies, from pioneering family studies to large genome-wide association studies; we now find multiple risk loci for each venous disease. This review considers the pathophysiology of VVs, highlighting the current state of genetic knowledge. We also propose future directions for research.