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Phosphorylation of TRIP13 at Y56 induces radiation resistance but sensitizes head and neck cancer to cetuximab. Mol Ther 2022; 30:468-484. [PMID: 34111559 PMCID: PMC8753291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy, a mainstay of treatment for head and neck cancer, is not always curative due to the development of treatment resistance; additionally, multi-institutional trials have questioned the efficacy of concurrent radiation with cetuximab, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. We unraveled a mechanism for radiation resistance; that is, radiation induces EGFR, which phosphorylates TRIP13 (thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13) on tyrosine 56. Phosphorylated (phospho-)TRIP13 promotes non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair to induce radiation resistance. NHEJ is the main repair pathway for radiation-induced DNA damage. Tumors expressing high TRIP13 do not respond to radiation but are sensitive to cetuximab or cetuximab combined with radiation. Suppression of phosphorylation of TRIP13 at Y56 abrogates these effects. These findings show that EGFR-mediated phosphorylation of TRIP13 at Y56 is a vital mechanism of radiation resistance. Notably, TRIP13-pY56 could be used to predict the response to radiation or cetuximab and could be explored as an actionable target.
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Yin P, Cui S, Liao X, Yao X. Galectin‑3 blockade suppresses the growth of cetuximab‑resistant human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:685. [PMID: 34328195 PMCID: PMC8365594 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a cancer associated with high mortality (accounting for 3.1/100,000 deaths per year in Brazil in 2013) and a high frequency of amplification in the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Treatment with the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab leads to drug resistance in patients with OSCC due to unknown mechanisms. Galectin‑3 (Gal‑3) is a β‑galactoside binding lectin that regulates multiple signaling pathways in cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Gal‑3 in cetuximab‑resistant (cet‑R) OSCC. The OSCC HSC3 cell line was selected to establish a mouse xenograft model, which was treated with cetuximab to induce resistance. Subsequently, a Gal‑3 inhibitor was used to treat cet‑R tumors, and the tumor volume was monitored. The expression of Gal‑3, phosphorylated (p)‑ERK1/2 and p‑Akt was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The combined effect of cetuximab and the Gal‑3 inhibitor on HSC3 tumor xenografts was also investigated. HSC3 cells were cultured in vitro to investigate the regulatory effects of Gal‑3 on ERK1/2 and Akt via western blotting. In addition, the effects of the Gal‑3 inhibitor on the proliferation, colony formation, invasion and apoptosis of HSC3 cells were investigated by performing Cell Counting Kit‑8, colony formation, Transwell and apoptosis assays, respectively. In cet‑R OSCC tumors, increased expression of Gal‑3, p‑ERK1/2 and p‑Akt was observed. Further research demonstrated that Gal‑3 regulated the expression of both ERK1/2 and Akt in HSC3 cells by promoting phosphorylation. Moreover, the Gal‑3 inhibitor decreased the proliferation and invasion, but increased the apoptosis of cet‑R HSC3 cells. In addition, the Gal‑3 inhibitor suppressed the growth of cet‑R tumors. Collectively, the results indicated that the Gal‑3 inhibitor and cetuximab displayed a synergistic inhibitory effect on OSCC tumors. In summary, the present study demonstrated that Gal‑3 may serve an important role in cet‑R OSCC. The combination of cetuximab and the Gal‑3 inhibitor may display a synergistic antitumor effect, thereby inhibiting the development of cetuximab resistance in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 110112, P.R. China
| | - Shuanlong Cui
- Department of Stomatology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Liao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 110112, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Yao
- Department of Surgery, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Current Aspects and Future Considerations of EGFR Inhibition in Locally Advanced and Recurrent Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143545. [PMID: 34298761 PMCID: PMC8306284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a debilitating disease that affects hundreds of thousands of individuals worldwide and has a high mortality rate. Mainstay treatment largely consists of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy which has been met with significant morbidity. The epidermal growth factor receptor is one that which plays a major role in cell signaling and has been extensively studied in locally advanced (LA) and recurrent metastatic (RM) SCCHN. This review paper details the major roles of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), previous and current EGFR inhibition therapeutics, resistance mechanisms, and the possible integration of immunotherapy and EGFR inhibition in this disease process. Abstract Recurrent metastatic (RM) and locally advanced (LA) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) are devasting disease states with limited therapeutic options and poor overall survival. Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one area that has helped improve outcomes in this disease. Anti-EGFR based therapies have been shown to improve overall survival and mitigate the significant toxicities incurred from standard radiation, chemotherapy, and/or surgical options. Cetuximab, the most well-studied anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated a positive impact on outcomes for RM and LA SCCHN. However, the development of early resistance to cetuximab highlights the need for a wider arsenal of therapy for RM and LA diseases. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has recently transformed the treatment of recurrent SCCHN. Drugs such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab have demonstrated success in recent clinical trials and have been approved for the treatment of advanced disease. Given the positive results of both EGFR targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, ongoing trials are studying their synergistic effects.
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Zhi-Qiang W, Qi M, Ji-Bin L, Rui Y, You-Ping L, Rui S, Guang-Yuan H, Ming-Yuan C, Yi-Jun H. The long-term survival of patients with III-IVb stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with IMRT with or without Nimotuzumab: a propensity score-matched analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1122. [PMID: 31744469 PMCID: PMC6862826 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the efficacy of Nimotuzumab in combination with first-line chemoradiotherapy treatment in Chinese patients with primary III-IVb stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Patients with primary locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy between January 2008 and December 2013 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Group A received at least 6 doses of Nimotuzumab, while Group B did not receive Nimotuzumab. A propensity score matching method was used to match patients from each group in a 1:3 ratio. Results In total, 730 eligible patients were propensity matched, with 184 patients in Group A and 546 patients in Group B. Significant differences were not observed in the patient and tumor characteristics between Group A and Group B. At a median follow-up of 74.78 months (range 3.53–117.83 months), locoregional recurrence, distant failure and death were observed in 10.68, 11.10 and 16.03% of all patients, respectively. The estimated 5-year locoregional relapse–free survival, distant metastasis–free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival in the Group A versus Group B were 85.34% versus 89.79% (P = 0.156), 93.09% versus 85.61% (P = 0.012), 79.96% versus 77.99% (P = 0.117) and 88.91% versus 78.30% (P = 0.006), respectively. Conclusions This nimotuzumab-containing regimen resulted in improved long-term survival of III-IVb stage NPC patients and warrants further prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhi-Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Techology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ji-Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liu You-Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Sun Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hu Guang-Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Techology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ming-Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Hua Yi-Jun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Segrelles C, Paramio JM, Lorz C. The transcriptional co-activator YAP: A new player in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2018; 86:25-32. [PMID: 30409308 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP (Yes-associated protein) pathway is a key regulator of tissue growth, organ size and stem cell function. More recently, a fundamental role for this pathway has emerged in stem cell function and tumorigenesis. Activation of the transcriptional co-activator YAP promotes cell-contact independent proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell features and drug resistance. In this review, we describe the main components of the pathway, the microenvironment and the cell-intrinsic cues governing its activation, the downstream players of the pathway and the biological implications of their activation in the context of cancer. We will focus on the existing knowledge of this pathway in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC), its clinical value in this type of cancer as a marker of poor prognosis and resistance to therapy, as well as the most encouraging therapeutic strategies targeting the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Peralta R, Garcia P, Valdivia A, Lopez A, Apresa T, Hernandez DM, Gallegos F, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Vargas-De-Leon C, Davila S, Romero P, Salcedo M. HPV Could be a Potential Factor of Survival in Laryngeal Cancer: a Preliminary Study in Mexican Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1711-1716. [PMID: 29938470 PMCID: PMC6103592 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.6.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In Head and Neck (HN) cancer, the High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (hr HPV) infection has been associated in about 40% of these tumors. The hr HPV infection is one of the etiological factors of several epithelial tumors; however, its association with the prognosis has not yet been established for patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC). On the other hand, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a molecular marker widely studied in cancer and its overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in some types of cancer, including the HN cancer. In the present study, we analyzed EGFR expression and HPV detection in a cohort of Mexican patients with LSCC and define their association with clinical-pathological and survival parameters. Methods: EGFR expression analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry assay. A tissue array was constructed based on 30 paraffin-embedded tissue samples. HPV detection was performed by PCR. The results were then compared with the clinical-pathological variables and outcome measures (Kaplan Meier and Cox analysis). Results: High expression of EGFR was observed in 43% of the samples and 20% of HPV detection. The statistical analyses provided evidence of disassociation between clinical-pathological parameters and EGFR expression, but there was an association with poor prognosis. Interestingly, HPV detection is slightly associated with good prognosis. Conclusion: Both, EGFR overexpression and HPV presence could be associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with LSCC, independently of other clinical-pathological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Peralta
- Centro de Investigación en Dinamica Celular, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca , Mexico.
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Zhang H, Liu J, Fu X, Yang A. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5924-5932. [PMID: 29240723 PMCID: PMC5738838 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a major type of oral cancers and has remained an intractable cancer over the past decades. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during TSCC and reveal their potential mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The gene expression profiles of GSE13601 were downloaded from the GEO database. The GSE13601 dataset contains 57 samples, including 31 tongue SCC samples and 26 matched normal mucosa samples. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed; Cytoscape software was used for the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analysis of the DEGs. RESULTS We identified a total of 1,050 upregulated DEGs (uDEGs) and 702 downregulated DEGs (dDEGs) of TSCC. The GO analysis results showed that uDEGs were significantly enriched in the following biological processes (BP): signal transduction, positive or negative regulation of cell proliferation, and negative regulation of cell proliferation. The dDEGs were significantly enriched in the following biological processes: signal transduction, cell adhesion, and apoptotic process. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that uDEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, while the dDEGs were enriched in focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction. The top centrality hub genes RAC1, APP, EGFR, KNG1, AGT, and HRAS were identified from the PPI network. Module analysis revealed that TSCC was associated with significant pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified key genes and signal pathways, which deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and development of the disease, and might be used as diagnostic and therapeutic molecular biomarkers for TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayong Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yan-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yan-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yan-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yan-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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