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Alzahrani AR, Ibrahim IAA, Shahzad N, Shahid I, Alanazi IM, Falemban AH, Azlina MFN. An application of carbohydrate polymers-based surface-modified gold nanoparticles for improved target delivery to liver cancer therapy - A systemic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126889. [PMID: 37714232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have been broadly investigated as cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Gold nanoparticles are a favorable drug delivery vehicle with their unique subcellular size and good biocompatibility. Chitosan, agarose, fucoidan, porphyran, carrageenan, ulvan and alginate are all examples of biologically active macromolecules. Since they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and irritant-free, they find extensive application in biomedical and macromolecules. The versatility of these compounds is enhanced because they are amenable to modification by functional groups like sulfation, acetylation, and carboxylation. In an eco-friendly preparation process, the biocompatibility and targeting of GNPs can be improved by functionalizing them with polysaccharides. This article provides an update on using carbohydrate-based GNPs in liver cancer treatment, imaging, and drug administration. Selective surface modification of several carbohydrate types and further biological uses of GNPs are focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
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2
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Chan SY, Lee D, Meivita MP, Li L, Tan YS, Bajalovic N, Loke DK. Ultrasensitive Detection of MCF-7 Cells with a Carbon Nanotube-Based Optoelectronic-Pulse Sensor Framework. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18459-18470. [PMID: 35694527 PMCID: PMC9178712 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are of vital significance for healthcare by supporting the management of infectious diseases for preventing pandemics and the diagnosis of life-threatening conditions such as cancer. However, the advancement of the field can be limited by low sensing accuracy. Here, we altered the bioelectrical signatures of the cells using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via structural loosening effects. Using an alternating current (AC) pulse under light irradiation, we developed a photo-assisted AC pulse sensor based on CNTs to differentiate between healthy breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) and luminal breast cancer cells (MCF-7) within a heterogeneous cell population. We observed a previously undemonstrated increase in current contrast for MCF-7 cells with CNTs compared to MCF-10A cells with CNTs under light exposure. Moreover, we obtained a detection limit of ∼1.5 × 103 cells below a baseline of ∼1 × 104 cells for existing electrical-based sensors for an adherent, heterogeneous cell population. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that interactions between the embedded CNT and cancer cell membranes result in a less rigid lipid bilayer structure, which can facilitate CNT translocation for enhancing current. This as-yet unconsidered cancer cell-specific method based on the unique optoelectrical properties of CNTs represents a strategy for unlocking the detection of a small population of cancer cells and provides a promising route for the early diagnosis, monitoring, and staging of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia
S. Y. Chan
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
| | - Denise Lee
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
| | - Maria Prisca Meivita
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
| | - Lunna Li
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics
Institute, Agency for Science, Technology
and Research (A*STAR), Singapore138671, Singapore
| | - Natasa Bajalovic
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
| | - Desmond K. Loke
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore487372, Singapore
- Office
of Innovation, Changi General Hospital, Singapore529889, Singapore
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3
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Rajput S, Pink D, Findlay S, Woolner E, Lewis JD, McDermott MT. Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Guide Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients. ACS Sens 2022; 7:827-838. [PMID: 35271265 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A critical unmet need for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients is optimizing systemic treatments to maximize the benefit for individuals. The response of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to androgen receptor (AR)-directed hormonal treatments (i.e., enzalutamide and abiraterone) is mediated by the expression of a molecular variant of the androgen receptor called androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7). Detection and measurement of AR-V7 in mCRPC patients will lead to more informed PCa treatment. Herein, we demonstrate a quantitative nanoparticle-enhanced sandwich antibody assay for the successful ex vivo measurement of AR-V7 protein in serum from mCRPC patients. The nanoparticles are constructed as extrinsic Raman spectroscopy labels (ERLs), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is used for assay readout. Our approach does not require specialized specimen collection materials, circulating tumor cell enrichment, or pretreatment of serum. Calibration of our assay is accomplished by expressing AR-V7 in an appropriate cell line as AR-V7 is not commercially available. We demonstrate a linear calibration curve from cell lysate and correlate lysate protein with mRNA from cultured prostate cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrate a novel pilot-scale application for clinical use by quantitatively measuring AR-V7 in serum of seven advanced PCa patients. Distinct separation of PCa patients by AR-V7 status (positive or negative) was observed. Together, the presence and amount of AR-V7 in serum offer predictive and prognostic value to inform selection between two classes of systemic treatments (i.e., hormones or taxanes). Triaging patients that are AR-V7-positive to other systemic treatments (e.g., taxane-based chemotherapy) can improve progression-free survival and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Desmond Pink
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Scott Findlay
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Emma Woolner
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - John D. Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mark T. McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Yang Y, Huang K, Wang M, Wang Q, Chang H, Liang Y, Wang Q, Zhao J, Tang T, Yang S. Ubiquitination Flow Repressors: Enhancing Wound Healing of Infectious Diabetic Ulcers through Stabilization of Polyubiquitinated Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α by Theranostic Nitric Oxide Nanogenerators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103593. [PMID: 34553427 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for diabetic ulcers (DUs) remain unsatisfactory due to the risk of bacterial infection and impaired angiogenesis during the healing process. The increased degradation of polyubiquitinated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) compromises wound healing efficacy. Therefore, the maintenance of HIF-1α protein stability might help treat DU. Nitric oxide (NO) is an intrinsic biological messenger that functions as a ubiquitination flow repressor and antibacterial agent; however, its clinical application in DU treatment is hindered by the difficulty in controlling NO release. Here, an intelligent near-infrared (NIR)-triggered NO nanogenerator (SNP@MOF-UCNP@ssPDA-Cy7/IR786s, abbreviated as SNP@UCM) is presented. SNP@UCM represses ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α by inhibiting its interaction with E3 ubiquitin ligases under NIR irradiation. Increased HIF-1α expression in endothelial cells by SNP@UCM enhances angiogenesis in wound sites, promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and cell proliferation and migration. SNP@UCM also enables early detection of wound infections and ROS-mediated killing of bacteria. The potential clinical utility of SNP@UCM is further demonstrated in infected full-thickness DU model under NIR irradiation. SNP@UCM is the first reported HIF-1α-stabilizing advanced nanomaterial, and further materials engineering might offer a facile, mechanism-based method for clinical DU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Qishan Wang
- Departments of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Haishuang Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Yakun Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Shengbing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
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Liu H, Zhong W, Zhang X, Lin D, Wu J. Nanomedicine as a promising strategy for the theranostics of infectious diseases. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7878-7908. [PMID: 34611689 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi and their global spread pose a great threat to human health. The 2019 World Health Organization report predicted that infection-related mortality will be similar to cancer mortality by 2050. Particularly, the global cumulative numbers of the recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have reached 110.7 million cases and over 2.4 million deaths as of February 23, 2021. Moreover, the crisis of these infectious diseases exposes the many problems of traditional diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, such as time-consuming and unselective detection methods, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, serious side effects, and poor drug delivery. There is an urgent need for rapid and sensitive diagnosis as well as high efficacy and low toxicity treatments. The emergence of nanomedicine has provided a promising strategy to greatly enhance detection methods and drug treatment efficacy. Owing to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential for the fast and selective detection of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. NPs exhibit remarkable antibacterial activity by releasing reactive oxygen species and metal ions, exerting photothermal effects, and causing destruction of the cell membrane. Nano-based delivery systems can further improve drug permeability, reduce the side effects of drugs, and prolong systemic circulation time and drug half-life. Moreover, effective drugs against COVID-19 are still lacking. Recently, nanomedicine has shown great potential to accelerate the development of safe and novel anti-COVID-19 drugs. This article reviews the fundamental mechanisms and the latest developments in the treatment and diagnosis of bacteria, viruses, and fungi and discusses the challenges and perspectives in the application of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Dongjun Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Mohid SA, Bhunia A. Combining Antimicrobial Peptides with Nanotechnology: An Emerging Field in Theranostics. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:413-428. [PMID: 31889488 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191231111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and their rapid adaptation against new antibiotics is a major challenge for scientists and medical professionals. Different approaches have been taken to combat this problem, which includes rationally designed potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and several nanoparticles and quantum dots. AMPs are considered as a new generation of super antibiotics that hold enormous potential to fight against bacterial resistance by the rapidly killing planktonic as well as their biofilm form while keeping low toxicity profile against eukaryotic cells. Various nanoparticles and quantum dots have proved their effectiveness against a vast array of infections and diseases. Conjugation and functionalization of nanoparticles with potentially active antimicrobial peptides have added advantages that widen their applications in the field of drug discovery as well as delivery system including imaging and diagnostics. This article reviews the current progress and implementation of different nanoparticles and quantum dots conjugated antimicrobial peptides in terms of bio-stability, drug delivery, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Abdul Mohid
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700054, India
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7
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Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for enhanced analyte detection in diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 177:112949. [PMID: 33429205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely implementable technique that can be applied to many fields, ranging from disease detection to environmental monitoring. EIS as a biosensing tool allows detection of a broad range of target analytes in point-of-care (POC) and continuous applications. The technique is highly suitable for multimarker detection due to its ability to produce specific frequency responses depending on the target analyte and molecular recognition element (MRE) combination. EIS biosensor development has shown promising results for the medical industry in terms of diagnosis and prognosis for various biomarkers. EIS sensors offer a cost-efficient system and rapid detection times using minimal amounts of sample volumes, while simultaneously not disturbing the sample being studied due to low amplitude perturbations. These properties make the technique highly sensitive and specific. This paper presents a review of EIS biosensing advancements and introduces different detection techniques and MREs. Additionally, EIS's underlying theory and potential surface modification techniques are presented to further demonstrate the technique's ability to produce stable, specific, and sensitive biosensors.
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8
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Saadat M, Manshadi MK, Mohammadi M, Zare MJ, Zarei M, Kamali R, Sanati-Nezhad A. Magnetic particle targeting for diagnosis and therapy of lung cancers. J Control Release 2020; 328:776-791. [PMID: 32920079 PMCID: PMC7484624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the growing interest in targeted lung cancer therapy has guided researchers toward the cutting edge of controlled drug delivery, particularly magnetic particle targeting. Targeting of tissues by magnetic particles has tackled several limitations of traditional drug delivery methods for both cancer detection (e.g., using magnetic resonance imaging) and therapy. Delivery of magnetic particles offers the key advantage of high efficiency in the local deposition of drugs in the target tissue with the least harmful effect on other healthy tissues. This review first overviews clinical aspects of lung morphology and pathogenesis as well as clinical features of lung cancer. It is followed by reviewing the advances in using magnetic particles for diagnosis and therapy of lung cancers: (i) a combination of magnetic particle targeting with MRI imaging for diagnosis and screening of lung cancers, (ii) magnetic drug targeting (MDT) through either intravenous injection and pulmonary delivery for lung cancer therapy, and (iii) computational simulations that models new and effective approaches for magnetic particle drug delivery to the lung, all supporting improved lung cancer treatment. The review further discusses future opportunities to improve the clinical performance of MDT for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer and highlights clinical therapy application of the MDT as a new horizon to cure with minimal side effects a wide variety of lung diseases and possibly other acute respiratory syndromes (COVID-19, MERS, and SARS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Saadat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad K.D. Manshadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada,Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada,Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Zarei
- Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reza Kamali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, 71345 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Kumar V, Chopra A, Bisht B, Bhalla V. Colorimetric and electrochemical detection of pathogens in water using silver ions as a unique probe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11986. [PMID: 32686720 PMCID: PMC7371729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The manuscript highlights the efficacy of silver ions to act as a unique probe for the detection of bacterial contamination in water samples. The bacterial cell membrane adherence property of the silver ions was employed to develop two different bacterial detection assays employing colorimetric and electrochemical techniques. In one of the schemes, silver ion was used directly as a detector of bacteria in a colorimetric assay format, and in the other scheme surface-functionalized antibodies were used as a primary capture for specific detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The colorimetric detection is based on silver-induced inhibition of urease activity and silver ion utilization by bacteria for the rapid screening of enteric pathogens in water. The specific detection of bacteria uses an antibody-based electrochemical method that employs silver as an electrochemical probe. The ability of silver to act as an electrochemical probe was investigated by employing Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) for targeted detection of Salmonella Typhi. For further insights into the developed assays, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were performed. The sensitivity of the developed assay was found to be 100 cfu mL−1 for colorimetric and 10 cfu mL−1 for electrochemical assay respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Adity Chopra
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Bhawana Bisht
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Vijayender Bhalla
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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Magnetic Nanoclusters Coated with Albumin, Casein, and Gelatin: Size Tuning, Relaxivity, Stability, Protein Corona, and Application in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Immunoassay. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091345. [PMID: 31546937 PMCID: PMC6781099 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The surface functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles improves their physicochemical properties and applicability in biomedicine. Natural polymers, including proteins, are prospective coatings capable of increasing the stability, biocompatibility, and transverse relaxivity (r2) of magnetic nanoparticles. In this work, we functionalized the nanoclusters of carbon-coated iron nanoparticles with four proteins: bovine serum albumin, casein, and gelatins A and B, and we conducted a comprehensive comparative study of their properties essential to applications in biosensing. First, we examined the influence of environmental parameters on the size of prepared nanoclusters and synthesized protein-coated nanoclusters with a tunable size. Second, we showed that protein coating does not significantly influence the r2 relaxivity of clustered nanoparticles; however, the uniform distribution of individual nanoparticles inside the protein coating facilitates increased relaxivity. Third, we demonstrated the applicability of the obtained nanoclusters in biosensing by the development of a nuclear-magnetic-resonance-based immunoassay for the quantification of antibodies against tetanus toxoid. Fourth, the protein coronas of nanoclusters were studied using SDS-PAGE and Bradford protein assay. Finally, we compared the colloidal stability at various pH values and ionic strengths and in relevant complex media (i.e., blood serum, plasma, milk, juice, beer, and red wine), as well as the heat stability, resistance to proteolytic digestion, and shelf-life of protein-coated nanoclusters.
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Sharma P, Mehta M, Dhanjal DS, Kaur S, Gupta G, Singh H, Thangavelu L, Rajeshkumar S, Tambuwala M, Bakshi HA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Satija S. Emerging trends in the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Laurentius LB, Crawford AC, Mulvihill TS, Granger JH, Robinson R, Spencer JS, Chatterjee D, Hanson KE, Porter MD. Importance of specimen pretreatment for the low-level detection of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in human serum. Analyst 2018; 142:177-185. [PMID: 27934985 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patient care and prevention of disease outbreaks rely heavily on the performance of diagnostic tests. These tests are typically carried out in serum, urine, and other complex sample matrices, but are often plagued by a number of matrix effects such as nonspecific adsorption and complexation with circulating proteins. This paper demonstrates the importance of sample pretreatment to overcome matrix effects, enabling the low-level detection of a disease marker for tuberculosis (TB). The impact of pretreatment is illustrated by detecting a cell wall component unique to mycobacteria, lipoarabinomannan (LAM). LAM is a major virulence factor in the infectious pathology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and has been successfully detected in the body fluids of TB-infected individuals; however, its clinical sensitivity - identifying patients with active infection - remains problematic. This and the companion paper show that the detection of LAM in an immunoassay is plagued by its complexation with proteins and other components in serum. Herein, we present the procedures and results from an investigation of several different pretreatment schemes designed to disrupt complexation and thereby improve detection. These sample pretreatment studies, aimed at determining the optimal conditions for complex disruption, were carried out by using a LAM simulant derived from the nonpathogenic M. smegmatis, a mycobacterium often used as a model for Mtb. We have found that a perchloric acid-based pretreatment step improves the ability to detect this simulant by ∼1500× with respect to that in untreated serum. This paper describes the approach to pretreatment, how pretreatment improves the detection of the LAM simulant in human serum, and the results from a preliminary investigation to identify possible contributors to complexation by fractionating serum according to molecular weight. The companion paper applies this pretreatment approach to assays of TB patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars B Laurentius
- The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Alexis C Crawford
- The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Jennifer H Granger
- The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Ryan Robinson
- The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John S Spencer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kimberly E Hanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA and Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marc D Porter
- The Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA and Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA and Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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13
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Park J, Porter MD, Granger MC. Colloidally Assembled Zinc Ferrite Magnetic Beads: Superparamagnetic Labels with High Magnetic Moments for MR Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:19569-19577. [PMID: 28508632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particles are widely used as labels in magnetoresistive sensors. To use magnetic particles as labels, several important characteristics should be considered, such as superparamagnetism, a high magnetic moment per particle (m), facile surface functionalization and biomolecule immobilization, colloidal stability, and analyte specificity. In this paper, we describe the preparation of magnetic labels with a high m, using colloidal assemblies of superparamagnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZFNPs, ∼9 nm). Also, several properties of these particles are compared with those of commercially available magnetic beads, Dynabeads and TurboBeads. The colloidally assembled zinc ferrite magnetic beads (ZFMBs, ∼160 nm) were synthesized by assembling ZFNPs via an emulsion-based assembly approach. While retaining superparamagnetism at room temperature, the m of ZFMBs is ∼4000× higher than that of the constituent ZFNPs. Surface functionalization with a layer of polyacrylic acid stabilized the ZFMBs in aqueous solution and enabled conjugation with streptavidin via carbodiimide linking chemistry. The streptavidinated ZFMBs can be suspended in aqueous buffer for ≥24 h, whereas 1.05 μm Dynabeads and 30 nm TurboBeads undergo ballistic deposition and instantaneous aggregation in solution, respectively. Finally, the streptavidinated ZFMBs were employed as labels in an immunoassay for the detection of osteopontin, a potential pancreatic cancer marker, proving superior to the commercial particles in terms of limit of detection and dynamic range. We expect that the work presented in this article can be extended to other biological applications, especially where superparamagnetic particles with a high m and colloidal stability are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooneon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and ∥Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah , Salt Lake City 84112, United States
| | - Marc D Porter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and ∥Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah , Salt Lake City 84112, United States
| | - Michael C Granger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and ∥Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah , Salt Lake City 84112, United States
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Surface-Modified Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Rapid Capture, Detection, and Removal of Pathogens: a Potential Material for Water Purification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:598-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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