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Oudeng G, Ni J, Wu H, Wu H, Yang M, Wen C, Wang Y, Tan H. Amplified detection of SARS-COV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) gene oligonucleotides based on exonuclease III-aided MoS 2 /AIE nanoprobes. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4675. [PMID: 38286603 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic reflects the underdevelopment of point-of-care diagnostic technology. Nuclei acid (NA) detection is the "gold standard" method for the early diagnosis of the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus disease-2. Polymerase chain reaction is the main method for NA detection but requires considerable manpower and sample processing taking ≥ 3 h. To simplify the operation processes and reduce the detection time, exonuclease III (Exo III)-aided MoS2 /AIE nanoprobes were developed for rapid and sensitive detection of the oligonucleotides of Omicron. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) nanosheets with excellent optical absorbance and distinguishable affinity to single-strand and duplex DNAs were applied as quenchers, and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules with high luminous efficiency were designed as donor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanoprobes. Exo III with catalytic capability was used for signal amplification to increase the sensitivity of detection. The composite nanoprobes detected the mutated nucleocapsid (N)-gene and spike (S)-gene oligonucleotides of Omicron within 40 min with a limit of detection of 4.7 pM, and showed great potential for application in community medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerile Oudeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junguo Ni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglian Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yuanwei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Accurate Identification of Mucinous Pancreatic Cystic Lesions Using Small-Volume Analytes. J Surg Res 2023; 284:322-331. [PMID: 36369049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accurate identification of mucinous pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) is paramount for cancer risk stratification. Cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the only routinely used test, requires high volumes and has low sensitivity. We aimed to compare the performance of two investigational small-volume biomarkers, glucose and the protease gastricsin, to CEA for PCL classification. METHODS We obtained cyst fluid samples from 81 patients with pathologically confirmed PCLs from four institutions between 2003 and 2016. Gastricsin activity was measured using an internally quenched fluorescent substrate. Glucose levels were measured with a standard glucometer. CEA levels were obtained from the medical record. Models using Classification and Regression Trees were created to predict mucinous status. Model performance was evaluated using nested cross-validation. RESULTS Gastricsin activity, CEA, and glucose levels from patients with mucinous (n = 50) and nonmucinous (n = 31) PCLs were analyzed. Area under the curve (AUC) was similar for individual classifiers (gastricsin volume normalized [GVN] 0.88; gastricsin protein concentration normalized [GPN] 0.95; glucose 0.83; CEA 0.84). The combination of two classifiers did not significantly improve AUC, with CEA + GVN (0.88) performing similarly to CEA + GPN (0.95), GVN + glucose (0.87), GPN + glucose (0.95), and CEA + glucose (0.84). The three-analyte combination performed similarly to single and dual classifiers (GPN + glucose + CEA AUC 0.95; GVN + glucose + CEA AUC 0.87). After multiple comparison corrections, there were no significant differences between the individual, dual, and triple classifiers. CONCLUSIONS Gastricsin and glucose performed similarly to CEA and required <5% of the volume required for CEA; these classifiers may be useful in patients with limited cyst fluid. Future multicenter prospective studies are needed to validate and compare these novel small-volume biomarkers.
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Bhuckory S, Lahtinen S, Höysniemi N, Guo J, Qiu X, Soukka T, Hildebrandt N. Understanding FRET in Upconversion Nanoparticle Nucleic Acid Biosensors. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2253-2261. [PMID: 36729707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been frequently applied in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) bioanalysis. However, the understanding of how surface coatings, bioconjugation, and dye-surface distance influence FRET biosensing performance has not significantly advanced. Here, we investigated UCNP-to-dye FRET DNA-hybridization assays in H2O and D2O using ∼24 nm large NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNPs coated with thin layers of silica (SiO2) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). FRET resulted in strong distance-dependent PL intensity changes. However, the PL decay times were not significantly altered because of continuous Yb3+-to-Er3+ energy migration during Er3+-to-dye FRET. Direct bioconjugation of DNA to the thin PAA coating combined with the closest possible dye-surface distance resulted in optimal FRET performance with minor influence from competitive quenching by H2O. The better comprehension of UCNP-to-dye FRET was successfully translated into a microRNA (miR-20a) FRET assay with a limit of detection of 100 fmol in a 80 μL sample volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bhuckory
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- EMEA Clinical Service Operations, NAMSA, 38670 Chasse-sur-Rhône, France
| | - Satu Lahtinen
- University of Turku, Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Niina Höysniemi
- University of Turku, Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Qiu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tero Soukka
- University of Turku, Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR3038), 76000 Rouen, France
- Seoul National University, Department of Chemistry, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Ye J, Xu J, Zhang C, Zhu L, Xia S. Quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based immunoassay for activated complement C1s. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1081793. [PMID: 36761732 PMCID: PMC9904206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1081793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives C1s activation is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, indicating the potential value of C1s activation detection in clinic. Here we aimed to establish fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based immunoassay for the quantitative detection of activated C1s in serum. Methods FRET-based fluorogenic peptides, sensitive to the enzymatic activity of activated C1s, were prepared and labeled with the fluorophore ortho-aminobenzoic acid (Abz) and quencher 2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp), and then were further selected depending on its Kcat/Km value. C1s in the samples was captured and separated using anti-C1s-conjugated magnetic microbeads. Next, enzymatic activity of activated C1s in samples and standards was examined using fluorescent quenched substrate assays. Limit of detection (LOD), accuracy, precision, and specificity of FRET-based immunoassay were also investigated. Results This method presented a linear quantification range for the enzymatic activity of activated C1s up to 10 μmol min-1 mL-1 and LOD of 0.096 μmol·min-1·mL-1 for serum samples. The recovery of the method was in the range of 90% ~ 110%. All CV values of the intra-analysis and inter-analysis of three levels in samples were less than 10%. The cross-reaction rates with C1r enzyme, MASP1, and MASP2 were less than 0.5%. No significant interferences were found with bilirubin (0.2 mg mL-1), Chyle (2000 FTU), and haemoglobin (5 mg mL-1), but anticoagulants (EDTA, citrate and heparin) inhibited the enzymatic ability of activated C1s. Thus, this established method can be used for the determination of active C1s in human serum samples in the concentration interval of 0.096-10.000 μmol min-1 mL-1. Conclusions One anti-C1s-based FRET immunoassay for activated C1s detection in serum samples were established, and it will be useful to explore the role of C1s activation in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment in complement-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhang
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Kotulska AM, Pilch-Wróbel A, Lahtinen S, Soukka T, Bednarkiewicz A. Upconversion FRET quantitation: the role of donor photoexcitation mode and compositional architecture on the decay and intensity based responses. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:256. [PMID: 35986019 PMCID: PMC9391450 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped colloidal nanoparticles capable of photon upconversion (UC) offer long luminescence lifetimes, narrowband absorption and emission spectra, and efficient anti-Stokes emission. These features are highly advantageous for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based detection. Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) as donors may solve the existing problems of molecular FRET systems, such as photobleaching and limitations in quantitative analysis, but these new labels also bring new challenges. Here we have studied the impact of the core-shell compositional architecture of upconverting nanoparticle donors and the mode of photoexcitation on the performance of UC-FRET from UCNPs to Rose Bengal (RB) molecular acceptor. We have quantitatively compared luminescence rise and decay kinetics of Er3+ emission using core-only NaYF4: 20% Yb, 2% Er and core-shell NaYF4: 20% Yb @ NaYF4: 20% Yb, 5% Er donor UCNPs under three photoexcitation schemes: (1) direct short-pulse photoexcitation of Er3+ at 520 nm; indirect photoexcitation of Er3+ through Yb3+ sensitizer with (2) 980 nm short (5-7 ns) or (3) 980 nm long (4 ms) laser pulses. The donor luminescence kinetics and steady-state emission spectra differed between the UCNP architectures and excitation schemes. Aiming for highly sensitive kinetic upconversion FRET-based biomolecular assays, the experimental results underline the complexity of the excitation and energy-migration mechanisms affecting the Er3+ donor responses and suggest ways to optimize the photoexcitation scheme and the architecture of the UCNPs used as luminescent donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Kotulska
- Division of Biomedical Physicochemistry, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAN, ul. Okolna 2, Wrocław, 50-422, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pilch-Wróbel
- Division of Biomedical Physicochemistry, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAN, ul. Okolna 2, Wrocław, 50-422, Poland
| | - Satu Lahtinen
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Artur Bednarkiewicz
- Division of Biomedical Physicochemistry, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAN, ul. Okolna 2, Wrocław, 50-422, Poland.
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Su R, Wu Y, Doulkeridou S, Qiu X, Sørensen TJ, Susumu K, Medintz IL, van Bergen en Henegouwen PMP, Hildebrandt N. A Nanobody‐on‐Quantum Dot Displacement Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Quantification of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207797. [PMID: 35759268 PMCID: PMC9542526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biosensing approaches that combine small, engineered antibodies (nanobodies) with nanoparticles are often complicated. Here, we show that nanobodies with different C‐terminal tags can be efficiently attached to a range of the most widely used biocompatible semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Direct implementation into simplified assay formats was demonstrated by designing a rapid and wash‐free mix‐and‐measure immunoassay for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Terbium complex (Tb)‐labeled hexahistidine‐tagged nanobodies were specifically displaced from QD surfaces via EGFR‐nanobody binding, leading to an EGFR concentration‐dependent decrease of the Tb‐to‐QD Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal. The detection limit of 80±20 pM (16±4 ng mL−1) was 3‐fold lower than the clinical cut‐off concentration for soluble EGFR and up to 10‐fold lower compared to conventional sandwich FRET assays that required a pair of different nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Su
- nanoFRET.comLaboratoire COBRA (UMR6014 & FR3038)Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSANormandie Université76000RouenFrance
- Nano-Science Center & Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Yu‐Tang Wu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)91198Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | - Sofia Doulkeridou
- Cell BiologyNeurobiology and BiophysicsDepartment of BiologyScience FacultyUtrecht University3508 TBUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Princess Maxima CenterHeidelberglaan 253584CSUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Xue Qiu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)91198Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
- Key Laboratory of Marine DrugMinistry of EducationSchool of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of China266003QingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology266237QingdaoChina
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Jacobs CorporationHanoverMD 21076USA
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, Code 6900U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDC 20375USA
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDC 20375USA
| | | | - Niko Hildebrandt
- nanoFRET.comLaboratoire COBRA (UMR6014 & FR3038)Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSANormandie Université76000RouenFrance
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)91198Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
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Tade RS, Patil PO. Biofabricated functionalized graphene quantum dots (fGQDs): Unravelling its fluorescence sensing mechanism of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) antigen and in vitro bioimaging application. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35896107 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac84ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a deadly malignancy that is posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, early detection of LC biomarkers is the key to reducing LC-related fatalities. Herein, we present the first fluorescent-based selective detection of LC biomarker human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized graphene quantum dots (fGQDs). One-pot in situ synthesis of amine-functionalized GQDs was accomplished by hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste-derived cellulose and PEI. Synthesized fGQDs were characterized by various analytical techniques. Synthesized fGQDs not only exhibited enhanced fluorescence life-time but also excellent stability in the different solvents compared to bare GQDs. The surface activation of hTERT-Ab by carbodiimide chemistry (EDC-NHS) resulted in stacking interactions with fGQDs, involving adsorption-desorption as well as competitive mechanisms. The higher inherent affinity of hTERT-Ag (hTERT antigen) for hTERT-Ab (hTERT antibody) resulted in complex formation and recovery of fGQD fluorescence. As a result, this fluorescence sensing demonstrated a greater linear detection range (0.01 ng mL-1 to 100 µg mL-1) as well as a notable low detection limit (36.3 pg mL-1). Furthermore, the fabricated immunosensor (Ab@fGQDs) has excellent stability and performance in real samples, with an average recovery of 97.32%. The results of cytotoxicity and cellular bioimaging study in A549 cells show that fGQDs can be used for additional nanotherapeutics and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tade
- Pharmaceutics, HR Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirsoli PB, Jalgaon, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, INDIA
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H R Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Shirpur, Shirpur, 425405, INDIA
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Su R, Wu Y, Doulkeridou S, Qiu X, Sørensen TJ, Susumu K, Medintz IL, van Bergen en Henegouwen PMP, Hildebrandt N. A Nanobody‐on‐Quantum Dot Displacement Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Quantification of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Su
- nanoFRET.com Laboratoire COBRA (UMR6014 & FR3038) Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Normandie Université 76000 Rouen France
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Yu‐Tang Wu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sofia Doulkeridou
- Cell Biology Neurobiology and Biophysics Department of Biology Science Faculty Utrecht University 3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center Heidelberglaan 25 3584CS Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Xue Qiu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drug Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China 266003 Qingdao China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology 266237 Qingdao China
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Jacobs Corporation Hanover MD 21076 USA
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, Code 6900 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA
| | | | - Niko Hildebrandt
- nanoFRET.com Laboratoire COBRA (UMR6014 & FR3038) Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Normandie Université 76000 Rouen France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea
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Pilch-Wrobel A, Kotulska AM, Lahtinen S, Soukka T, Bednarkiewicz A. Engineering the Compositional Architecture of Core-Shell Upconverting Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles for Optimal Luminescent Donor in Resonance Energy Transfer: The Effects of Energy Migration and Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200464. [PMID: 35355389 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between single molecule donor (D) and acceptor (A) is well understood from a fundamental perspective and is widely applied in biology, biotechnology, medical diagnostics, and bio-imaging. Lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have demonstrated their suitability as alternative donor species. Nevertheless, while they solve most disadvantageous features of organic donor molecules, such as photo-bleaching, spectral cross-excitation, and emission bleed-through, the fundamental understanding and practical realizations of bioassays with UCNP donors remain challenging. Among others, the interaction between many donor ions (in donor UCNP) and many acceptors anchored on the NP surface and the upconversion itself within UCNPs, complicate the decay-based analysis of D-A interaction. In this work, the assessment of designed virtual core-shell NP (VNP) models leads to the new designs of UCNPs, such as …@Er, Yb@Er, Yb@YbEr, which are experimentally evaluated as donor NPs and compared to the simulations. Moreover, the luminescence rise and decay kinetics in UCNP donors upon RET is discussed in newly proposed disparity measurements. The presented studies help to understand the role of energy-transfer and energy migration between lanthanide ion dopants and how the architecture of core-shell UCNPs affects their performance as FRET donors to organic acceptor dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pilch-Wrobel
- Division of Biomedical Physicochemistry, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAN, ul.Okolna 2, Wrocław, 50-422, Poland
| | - Agata Maria Kotulska
- Division of Biomedical Physicochemistry, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAN, ul.Okolna 2, Wrocław, 50-422, Poland
| | - Satu Lahtinen
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Artur Bednarkiewicz
- Division of Biomedical Physicochemistry, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAN, ul.Okolna 2, Wrocław, 50-422, Poland
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Fu HJ, Su R, Luo L, Chen ZJ, Sørensen TJ, Hildebrandt N, Xu ZL. Rapid and Wash-Free Time-Gated FRET Histamine Assays Using Antibodies and Aptamers. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1113-1121. [PMID: 35312279 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Histamine (HA) is an indicator of food freshness and quality. However, high concentrations of HA can cause food poisoning. Simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific quantification can enable efficient screening of HA in food and beverages. However, conventional assays are complicated and time-consuming, as they require multiple incubation, washing, and separation steps. Here, we demonstrate that time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer (TG-FRET) between terbium (Tb) complexes and organic dyes can be implemented in both immunosensors and aptasensors for simple HA quantification using a rapid, single-step, mix-and-measure assay format. Both biosensors could quantify HA at concentrations relevant in food poisoning with limits of detection of 0.19 μg/mL and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. Excellent specificity was documented against the structurally similar food components tryptamine and l-histidine. Direct applicability of the TG-FRET assays was demonstrated by quantifying HA in spiked fish and wine samples with both excellent concentration recovery and agreement with conventional multistep enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Our results show that the simplicity and rapidity of TG-FRET assays do not compromise sensitivity, specificity, and reliability, and both immunosensors and aptasensors have a strong potential for their implementation in advanced food safety screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Fu
- nanoFRET.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruifang Su
- nanoFRET.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- nanoFRET.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Qiu X, Xu J, Cardoso Dos Santos M, Hildebrandt N. Multiplexed Biosensing and Bioimaging Using Lanthanide-Based Time-Gated Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:551-564. [PMID: 35084817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The necessity to scrutinize more and more biological molecules and interactions both in solution and on the cellular level has led to an increasing demand for sensitive and specific multiplexed diagnostic analysis. Photoluminescence (PL) detection is ideally suited for multiplexed biosensing and bioimaging because it is rapid and sensitive and there is an almost unlimited choice of fluorophores that provide a large versatility of photophysical properties, including PL intensities, spectra, and lifetimes.The most frequently used technique to detect multiple parameters from a single sample is spectral (or color) multiplexing with different fluorophores, such as organic dyes, fluorescent proteins, quantum dots, or lanthanide nanoparticles and complexes. In conventional PL biosensing approaches, each fluorophore requires a distinct detection channel and excitation wavelength. This drawback can be overcome by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from lanthanide donors to other fluorophore acceptors. The lanthanides' multiple and spectrally narrow emission bands over a broad spectral range can overlap with several different acceptors at once, thereby allowing FRET from one donor to multiple acceptors. The lanthanides' extremely long PL lifetimes provide two important features. First, time-gated (TG) detection allows for efficient suppression of background fluorescence from the biological environment or directly excited acceptors. Second, temporal multiplexing, for which the PL lifetimes are adjusted by the interaction with the FRET acceptor, can be used to determine specific biomolecules and/or their conformation via distinct PL decays. The high signal-to-background ratios, reproducible and precise ratiometric and homogeneous (washing-free) sensing formats, and higher-order multiplexing capabilities of lanthanide-based TG-FRET have resulted in significant advances in the analysis of biomolecular recognition. Applications range from fundamental analysis of biomolecular interactions and conformations to high-throughput and point-of-care in vitro diagnostics and DNA sequencing to advanced optical encoding, using both liquid and solid samples and in situ, in vitro, and in vivo detection with high sensitivity and selectivity.In this Account, we discuss recent advances in lanthanide-based TG-FRET for the development and application of advanced immunoassays, nucleic acid sensing, and fluorescence imaging. In addition to the different spectral and temporal multiplexing approaches, we highlight the importance of the careful design and combination of different biological, organic, and inorganic molecules and nanomaterials for an adjustable FRET donor-acceptor distance that determines the ultimate performance of the diagnostic assays and conformational sensors in their physiological environment. We conclude by sharing our vision on how progress in the development of new sensing concepts, material combinations, and instrumentation can further advance TG-FRET multiplexing and accelerate its translation into routine clinical practice and the investigation of challenging biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingyue Xu
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire COBRA, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, CNRS, INSA Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marcelina Cardoso Dos Santos
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire COBRA, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, CNRS, INSA Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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A 15-min non-competitive homogeneous assay for microcystin and nodularin based on time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET). Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6159-6170. [PMID: 34080035 PMCID: PMC8440290 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple and rapid methods are required for screening and analysis of water samples to detect cyanobacterial cyclic peptide hepatotoxins: microcystin/nodularin. Previously, we reported a highly sensitive non-competitive heterogeneous assay for microcystin/nodularin utilizing a generic anti-immunocomplex (anti-IC) single-chain fragment of antibody variable domains (scFv) isolated from a synthetic antibody library together with a generic adda ((2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid)-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) recognizing the common adda part of the microcystin/nodularin. Using the same antibody pair, here we report a homogeneous non-competitive assay for microcystin/nodularin based on TR-FRET (time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer) measurement. The anti-IC scFv labeled with Alexa Fluor 680 and the Mab labeled with europium enabled the FRET process to occur in the presence of microcystin/nodularin. The TR-FRET signal is proportional to the toxin concentration in the sample. The rapid (15 min) homogeneous assay without requiring any washing step detected all the tested nine toxin variants (microcystin-LR, -dmLR, -RR, -dmRR, -YR, -LY, -LF -LW, and nodularin-R). Very good signal to blank ratio (~13) was achieved using microcystin-LR and the sample detection limit (blank+3SD of blank) for microcystin-LR was ~0.3 μg/L (~0.08 μg/L in 80-μL reaction well). The practical application of the TR-FRET assay was demonstrated with water samples spiked with microcystin-LR as well as with environmental water. The average recoveries of microcystin-LR from spiked water ranged from 65 to 123%. Good correlation (r2 = 0.73 to 0.99) with other methods (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and previously reported heterogeneous assay) was found when environmental samples were analyzed. The developed wash-free assay has the potential to play as a quick screening tool to detect microcystin/nodularin from water below the World Health Organization’s guideline limit (1 μg/L of microcystin-LR).
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Feng H, Liu L, Chen Y, Shu W, Huang Y, Zhang B, Wu T, Jin Z, Chen Y. A compact fiber-integrated optofluidic platform for highly specific microRNA Förster resonance energy transfer detection. Analyst 2021; 146:4454-4460. [PMID: 33982715 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted extensive interest as promising biomarkers for the profiling of diseases. However, quantitative measurement of miRNAs presents a significant challenge in biochemical studies. In this work, we developed an innovative optofluidic platform to perform a rapid, simple, quantitative and high-specificity miRNA assay using the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) principle. A novel three-way junction FRET probe was proposed to enable rapid and enzyme-free miRNA detection. Using this platform, we performed one-step, amplification-free miRNA detection with simple device operation and achieved miRNA identification at a low concentration. The detection system could achieve high specificity for discrimination of three-base mismatches, and the sample volume was significantly reduced, favorable for low-level miRNA detection in material-limited samples. The establishment of a compact, low-cost, highly sensitive and selective miRNA analysis platform provides a valuable tool for point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Weiliang Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuqing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zongwen Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Bednarkiewicz A, Chan EM, Prorok K. Enhancing FRET biosensing beyond 10 nm with photon avalanche nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4863-4872. [PMID: 36132913 PMCID: PMC9417941 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between donor (D) and acceptor (A) molecules is a phenomenon commonly exploited to study or visualize biological interactions at the molecular level. However, commonly used organic D and A molecules often suffer from photobleaching and spectral bleed-through, and their spectral properties hinder quantitative analysis. Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) as alternative D species offer significant improvements in terms of photostability, spectral purity and background-free luminescence detection, but they bring new challenges related to multiple donor ions existing in a single large size UCNP and the need for nanoparticle biofunctionalization. Considering the relatively short Förster distance (typically below 5-7 nm), it becomes a non-trivial task to assure sufficiently strong D-A interaction, which translates directly to the sensitivity of such bio-sensors. In this work we propose a solution to these issues, which employs the photon avalanche (PA) phenomenon in lanthanide-doped materials. Using theoretical modelling, we predict that these PA systems would be highly susceptible to the presence of A and that the estimated sensitivity range extends to distances 2 to 4 times longer (i.e. 10-25 nm) than those typically found in conventional FRET systems. This promises high sensitivity, low background and spectral or temporal biosensing, and provides the basis for a radically novel approach to combine luminescence imaging and self-normalized bio-molecular interaction sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bednarkiewicz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Okolna 2 50-422 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Emory M Chan
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Katarzyna Prorok
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Okolna 2 50-422 Wroclaw Poland
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Bhuckory S, Wegner KD, Qiu X, Wu YT, Jennings TL, Incamps A, Hildebrandt N. Triplexed CEA-NSE-PSA Immunoassay Using Time-Gated Terbium-to-Quantum Dot FRET. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163679. [PMID: 32806745 PMCID: PMC7464126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer (TG-FRET) between Tb complexes and luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) provides highly advantageous photophysical properties for multiplexed biosensing. Multiplexed Tb-to-QD FRET immunoassays possess a large potential for in vitro diagnostics, but their performance is often insufficient for their application under clinical conditions. Here, we developed a homogeneous TG-FRET immunoassay for the quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from a single serum sample by multiplexed Tb-to-QD FRET. Tb–IgG antibody donor conjugates were combined with compact QD-F(ab’)2 antibody acceptor conjugates with three different QDs emitting at 605, 650, and 705 nm. Upon antibody–antigen–antibody sandwich complex formation, the QD acceptors were sensitized via FRET from Tb, and the FRET ratios of QD and Tb TG luminescence intensities increased specifically with increasing antigen concentrations. Although limits of detection (LoDs: 3.6 ng/mL CEA, 3.5 ng/mL NSE, and 0.3 ng/mL PSA) for the triplexed assay were slightly higher compared to the single-antigen assays, they were still in a clinically relevant concentration range and could be quantified in 50 µL serum samples on a B·R·A·H·M·S KRYPTOR Compact PLUS clinical immunoassay plate reader. The simultaneous quantification of CEA, NSE, and PSA at different concentrations from the same serum sample demonstrated actual multiplexing Tb-to-QD FRET immunoassays and the potential of this technology for translation into clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bhuckory
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (S.B.); (X.Q.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - K. David Wegner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Xue Qiu
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (S.B.); (X.Q.); (Y.-T.W.)
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Tang Wu
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (S.B.); (X.Q.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | | | - Anne Incamps
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Cezanne SAS, Clinical Diagnostic Division, 30000 Nimes, France;
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (S.B.); (X.Q.); (Y.-T.W.)
- Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Correspondence:
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Xu J, Guo J, Golob-Schwarzl N, Haybaeck J, Qiu X, Hildebrandt N. Single-Measurement Multiplexed Quantification of MicroRNAs from Human Tissue Using Catalytic Hairpin Assembly and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1768-1776. [PMID: 32438801 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Absolute quantification of microRNAs (miRNAs) or other nucleic acid biomarkers is an important requirement for molecular and clinical biosensing. Emerging technologies with beneficial features concerning simplicity and multiplexing present an attractive route for advancing diagnostic tools toward rapid and low-cost bioanalysis. However, the actual translation into the clinic by miRNA quantification in human samples is often missing. Here, we show that implementing time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer (TG-FRET) into a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) can be used for the simultaneous quantification of two miRNAs with a single measurement from total RNA extracts of human tissues. A single terbium-dye FRET pair was conjugated at two specific distances within target-specific CHA hairpin probes, such that each miRNA resulted in distinct amplified photoluminescence (PL) decays that could be distinguished and quantified by TG PL intensity detection. Enzyme-free amplification in a separation-free assay format and the absence of autofluorescence background allowed for simple, specific, and sensitive detection of miR-21 and miR-20a with limits of detection down to 1.8 pM (250 amol). Reliable duplexed quantification of both miRNAs at low picomolar concentrations was confirmed by analyzing total RNA extracts from different colon and rectum tissues with single- and dual-target CHA-TG-FRET and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for comparison. These simple and multiplexed nucleic acid biomarker assays present a capable method for clinical diagnostics and biomolecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Xu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xue Qiu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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17
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Cardoso Dos Santos M, Algar WR, Medintz IL, Hildebrandt N. Quantum dots for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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