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Sahu AK, Sharma R, Gupta B, Musilek K, Kuca K, Acharya J, Ghosh KK. Oxime-mediated in vitro reactivation kinetic analysis of organophosphates-inhibited human and electric eel acetylcholinesterase. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:319-26. [PMID: 27101948 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1143070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP)-based pesticides and nerve agents are highly toxic compounds which interrupt the catalytic mechanism of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by phosphorylating the hydroxyl moiety of serine residue. The inhibited enzyme can be reactivated by the nucleophilic action of oxime reactivators. To analyze the effect of different AChE sources on reactivation efficacy of reactivators, several in vivo studies have carried out using variety of AChE sources like pig, rat and monkey. Investigations on species differences provide a better insight for the development of new reactivators. Hence, present study was mainly targeted on comparative analysis of the reactivation of electric eel and human AChE inhibited by different OP. A series of butene-linked bis-pyridinium mono oximes which vary in functional groups present at the second pyridinium ring have been examined against sarin, VX, tabun and ethyl-paraoxon-poisoned AChE. In case of tabun-inhibited AChEs, tested oximes were better than reference oximes. For VX-poisoned human AChE, reactivator K251 (kr2;1.51 mM (-) (1 )min (-) (1)) showed good reactivation efficacy with standard oximes. Studies stipulated that butene-linked oximes consisting of different functional moieties are good reactivators and found to have better efficacy to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited human AChE in comparison to eel AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Sahu
- a School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- a School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India
| | - Bhanushree Gupta
- a School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India
| | - Kamil Musilek
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- c Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic , and
| | - Jyotiranjan Acharya
- d Process Technology Development Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment , Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Kallol K Ghosh
- a School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India
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Musil K, Florianova V, Bucek P, Dohnal V, Kuca K, Musilek K. Development and validation of a FIA/UV-vis method for pK(a) determination of oxime based acetylcholinesterase reactivators. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 117:240-6. [PMID: 26386953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase reactivators (oximes) are compounds used for antidotal treatment in case of organophosphorus poisoning. The dissociation constants (pK(a1)) of ten standard or promising acetylcholinesterase reactivators were determined by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry. Two methods of spectra measurement (UV-vis spectrometry, FIA/UV-vis) were applied and compared. The soft and hard models for calculation of pK(a1) values were performed. The pK(a1) values were recommended in the range 7.00-8.35, where at least 10% of oximate anion is available for organophosphate reactivation. All tested oximes were found to have pK(a1) in this range. The FIA/UV-vis method provided rapid sample throughput, low sample consumption, high sensitivity and precision compared to standard UV-vis method. The hard calculation model was proposed as more accurate for pK(a1) calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Musil
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic; University Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Florianova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bucek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Dohnal
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic; University Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic; University Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic.
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Voicu V, Rădulescu FŞ, Medvedovici A. Toxicological considerations of acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 9:31-50. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.736489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kassa J, Karasova JZ, Caisberger F, Musilek K, Kuca K, Jung YS. A comparison of reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of the oxime K203 and its fluorinated analog (KR-22836) with currently available oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, HI-6) against tabun in rats and mice. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:480-4. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903257918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Filip Caisberger
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Young-Sik Jung
- Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Daejeon, Korea
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Kuca K, RC G, Musilek K, Jun D, Pohanka M. In vitro identification of novel acetylcholinesterase reactivators. TOXIN REV 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15569540903246144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kuča K, Musílek K, Jun D, Pohanka M, Žďárová Karasová J, Novotný L, Musilová L. Could oxime HI-6 really be considered as "broad-spectrum" antidote? J Appl Biomed 2009. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bharate SB, Guo L, Reeves TE, Cerasoli DM, Thompson CM. New series of monoquaternary pyridinium oximes: Synthesis and reactivation potency for paraoxon-inhibited electric eel and recombinant human acetylcholinesterase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5101-4. [PMID: 19640713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a series of monoquaternary pyridinium oximes bearing either a heterocyclic side chain or a functionalized aliphatic side chain and the corresponding in vitro evaluation for reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited electric eel acetylcholinesterase (EeAChE) and recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (rHuAChE) are reported. Several newly synthesized compounds efficiently reactivated inhibited EeAChE, but were poor reactivators of inhibited rHuAChE. Compounds bearing a thiophene ring in the side chain (20, 23, 26 and 29) showed better reactivation (24-37% for EeAChE and 5-9% for rHuAChE) compared to compounds with furan and isoxazole heterocycles (0-8% for EeAChE and 2-3% for rHuAChE) at 10(-5)M. The N-pyridyl-CH(2)COOH analog 8 reactivated EeAChE (36%) and rHuAChE (15%) at 10(-4)M with a k(r) value better than 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM) for rHuAChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Bharate
- NIH COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Kassa J, Karasova J, Bajgar J, Kuca K, Musilek K, Kopelikova I. A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of newly developed bispyridinium oximes (K250, K251) with commonly used oximes against tabun in rats and mice. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:1040-4. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802608419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karasova
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bajgar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kopelikova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Pohanka M, Jun D, Kuca K. In vitro reactivation of trichlorfon-inhibited butyrylcholinesterase using HI-6, obidoxime, pralidoxime and K048. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:680-3. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802328315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Center of Biological Defence, Central Military Institute of Health, Techonin, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Center of Biological Defence, Central Military Institute of Health, Techonin, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Kuca K, Cabal J, Jung YS, Musilek K, Soukup O, Jun D, Pohanka M, Musilova L, Karasová J, Novotný L, Hrabinova M. Reactivation of human brain homogenate cholinesterases inhibited by Tabun using newly developed oximes K117 and K127. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 105:207-10. [PMID: 19473310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Newly developed acetylcholinesterase reactivators K117 [1,5-bis(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-3-oxapentane dichloride] and K127 [(1-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-5-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-3-oxapentane dibromide)] were tested for their potency to reactivate tabun-inhibited human brain cholinesterases. Pralidoxime and trimedoxime were chosen as standard reference reactivators. Human tissue was used, as that was closer on the real treatment of human beings. As a result, oxime K127 was found as the best tested reactivator according to the constant k(r), characterizing the overall reactivation process. On the contrary, the maximal reactivation ability expressed as percentage of reactivation was the best for trimedoxime. This differences were caused as a result of using the enzyme from different species. Due to this, experiments on human tissue should be conducted after in vitro and in vivo tests on animals to eliminate such important failures of promising oximes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kuca
- Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Pohanka M, Jun D, Kuca K. Photometric microplate assay for estimation of the efficacy of paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase reactivation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:781-4. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701811023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Centre of Biological Defence, Central Military Institute of Health, Techonin, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Medicine, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Medicine, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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12
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Jun D, Kuca K, Picha J, Koleckar V, Marek J. Potency of Novel Oximes to Reactivate Sarin Inhibited Human Cholinesterases. Drug Chem Toxicol 2008; 31:1-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01480540701688238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kuca K, Cabal J, Jun D, Hrabinova M. Potency of Five Structurally Different Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators to Reactivate Human Brain Cholinesterases Inhibited by Cyclosarin. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008; 45:512-5. [PMID: 17503257 DOI: 10.1080/15563650701354234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) reactivators are used as a part of the antidotal therapy of organophosphorus pesticide and nerve agent intoxications. Cyclosarin is one member of the nerve agent family. In this article, we compared the reactivation potency of five structurally different AChE reactivators (pralidoxime, trimedoxime, methoxime, HS-6, and BI-6) to reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited cholinesterases of human brain. The results demonstrate that the bisquaternary monooxime reactivator BI-6 seems to be the most potent reactivator of cyclosarin-inhibited cholinesterases. Moreover, according to the results, we can describe basic structural requirements, which are necessary for the efficacious reactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kuca
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove.,Czech Republic.
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Kuca K, Cabal J, Jun D, Bajgar J, Hrabinova M. Potency of new structurally different oximes to reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited human brain acetylcholinesterases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 21:663-6. [PMID: 17252938 DOI: 10.1080/14756360600850916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidotes currently used for organophosphorus pesticide and nerve agent intoxications consist of anticholinergics (atropine mainly) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) reactivators called oximes. Owing to the wide-spread of these toxic compounds worldwide, development of antidotes in the case of first aid is needed. To select the most promising AChE reactivators is a very time consuming process, which is necessary before approval of these compounds to be used as human antidotes. Because of ethical reasons, many developing experiments have been conducted on laboratory animals. However, these results often could not be transferred directly to human. Here, we have tested five newly developed AChE reactivators--K027, K033, K048, K074 and K075, which showed promising reactivation activity on rodents, as reactivators of inhibited human brain cholinesterases. For this purpose, cyclosarin was used as member of the nerve agent family. Oxime HI-6 and pralidoxime were used as AChE reactivator standards. Two AChE reactivators, K027 and K033, achieved comparable reactivation potency as HI-6. Moreover, oxime K033 reached its maximal reactivation potency at the lowest concentration which could be attained in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kuca
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Hrabinova M, Musilek K, Jun D, Kuca K. New group of xylene linker-containing acetylcholinesterase reactivators as antidotes against the nerve agent cyclosarin. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 21:515-9. [PMID: 17194020 DOI: 10.1080/14756360600741420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve agents such as sarin, cyclosarin and tabun are organophosphorus substances able to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7). AChE reactivators and anticholinergics are generally used as antidotes in the case of intoxication with these agents. None of the known AChE reactivators is able to reactivate AChE inhibited by all nerve agents used. In this work, reactivation potency of nine newly developed AChE reactivators with an incorporated xylene ring in their structure was measured in vitro. Cyclosarin was chosen as an appropriate member of the nerve agent family. Reactivation potency of the tested AChE reactivators was compared with the gold standard of AChE reactivators--pralidoxime. Two oximes (K107 and K108) surpassed the reactivation potency of pralidoxime. Moreover, from the obtained results it could be deduced that AChE reactivators with a functional oxime group in position-2 are the most potent AChE reactivators in the case of cyclosarin intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hrabinova
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Musilek K, Holas O, Kuca K, Jun D, Dohnal V, Opletalova V, Dolezal M. Synthesis of monooxime-monocarbamoyl bispyridinium compounds bearing (E)-but-2-ene linker and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:70-6. [PMID: 18341256 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701383981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Six AChE monooxime-monocarbamoyl reactivators with an (E)-but-2-ene linker were synthesized using modification of currently known synthetic pathways. Their potency to reactivate AChE inhibited by the nerve agent tabun and insecticide paraoxon was tested in vitro. The reactivation efficacies of pralidoxime, HI-6, obidoxime, K048, K075 and the newly prepared reactivators were compared. According to the results obtained, one reactivator seems to be promising against tabun-inhibited AChE and two reactivators against paraoxon-inhibited AChE. The best results were obtained for bisquaternary substances with at least one oxime group in position four.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Kuca K, Cabal J, Jun D, Musilek K. In vitro reactivation potency of acetylcholinesterase reactivators--K074 and K075--to reactivate tabun-inhibited human brain cholinesterases. Neurotox Res 2007; 11:101-6. [PMID: 17449453 DOI: 10.1007/bf03033389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two oximes for the treatment of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), K074 (1,4-bis(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)butane dibromide) and K075 ((E)-1,4-bis(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)but-2-en dibromide), were tested in vitro as reactivators of AChE. Comparison was made with currently used AChE reactivators (pralidoxime, HI-6, methoxime and obidoxime). Human brain homogenate was taken as an appropriate source of the cholinesterases. As resulted, oxime K074 appears to be the most potent reactivator of tabun-inhibited AChE, with reactivation potency comparable to that of obidoxime. A second AChE reactivator, K075, does not attain as great a reactivation potency as K074, although its maximal reactivation (17%) was achieved at relevant concentrations for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kuca
- Centre of Advanced Studies, and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Potency of Several Structurally Different Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators to Reactivate House Fly and Bovine Acetylcholinesterases Inhibited by Paraoxon and DFP. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.9.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kuca K, Pícha J, Jun D. Reactivation potency of new group of acetylcholinesterase reactivators and their comparison with currently available oximes. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRALOVE) 2006; 49:233-5. [PMID: 17438836 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, in vitro potency of novel serie of monoquaternary pyridinium oximes to reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was tested. Currently available oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, trimedoxime, HI-6 and BI-6) were used as oximes for comparison. As resulted, none of tested new reactivators was able to reactivate AChE inhibited by cyclosarin. Also pralidoxime, obidoxime and trimedoxime did not reach good reactivation results. Only oximes HI-6 and BI-6 achieved sufficient reactivation potency. From obtained results, it can be deduced, that only reactivators with oxime group in position two are able to reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kuca
- University of Defence in Brno, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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