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Huang X, Wang YJ, Xiang Y. Bidirectional communication between brain and visceral white adipose tissue: Its potential impact on Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104263. [PMID: 36122553 PMCID: PMC9490488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of axes between brain and abdominal organs have been reported, but the interaction between brain and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) remains unclear. In this review, we summarized human studies on the association between brain and vWAT, and generalized their interaction and the underlying mechanisms according to animal and cell experiments. On that basis, we come up with the concept of the brain-vWAT axis (BVA). Furthermore, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of involvement of BVA in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including vWAT-derived fatty acids, immunological properties of vWAT, vWAT-derived retinoic acid and vWAT-regulated insulin resistance. The proposal of BVA may expand our understanding to some extent of how the vWAT impacts on brain health and diseases, and provide a novel approach to study the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Liu H, Wang L, Dai L, Feng F, Xiao Y. CaMK II/Ca2+ dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:321-329. [PMID: 33454324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies by our group have demonstrated that the calcium imbalance in rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and promote cell apoptosis. KN-62, an inhibitor of Calmodulin kinase II (CaMK II), can decrease the expression of CaMK II that plays a major role in regulating the steady state of intracellular Ca2+. Uridine triphosphate (UTP) plays a biological role in increasing indirectly the level of intracellular Ca2+. In the experiment, we demonstrate that KN-62 and UTP can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis in HSCs, increase the level of intracellular Ca2+ and the expression of ERS protein GRP78, and increase the apoptosis protein Caspase-12 and Bax expression, while decrease the expression of Bcl-2 protein. Our findings indicate that the CaMK II/Ca2+ signaling pathway regulates the ERS apoptosis pathway and induces HSC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Luguang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Linyu Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Fumin Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China.
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Verma I, Seshagiri PB. Directed differentiation of mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cells to neural cells in a serum- and retinoic acid-free culture medium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:567-579. [PMID: 30030768 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
P19 embryonal carcinoma cells (EC-cells) provide a simple and robust culture system for studying neural development. Most protocols developed so far for directing neural differentiation of P19 cells depend on the use of culture medium supplemented with retinoic acid (RA) and serum, which has an undefined composition. Hence, such protocols are not suitable for many molecular studies. In this study, we achieved neural differentiation of P19 cells in a serum- and RA-free culture medium by employing the knockout serum replacement (KSR) supplement. In the KSR-containing medium, P19 cells underwent predominant differentiation into neural lineage and by day 12 of culture, neural cells were present in 100% of P19-derived embryoid bodies (EBs). This was consistently accompanied by the increased expression of various neural lineage-associated markers during the course of differentiation. P19-derived neural cells comprised of NES+ neural progenitors (~ 46%), TUBB3+ immature neurons (~ 6%), MAP2+ mature neurons (~ 2%), and GFAP+ astrocytes (~ 50%). A heterogeneous neuronal population consisting of glutamatergic, GABAergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic neurons was generated. Taken together, our study shows that the KSR medium is suitable for the differentiation of P19 cells to neural lineage without requiring additional (serum and RA) supplements. This stem cell differentiation system could be utilized for gaining mechanistic insights into neural differentiation and for identifying potential neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Verma
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Sir CV Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Polani B Seshagiri
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Sir CV Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Deevi RK, McClements J, McCloskey KD, Fatehullah A, Tkocz D, Javadi A, Higginson R, Durban VM, Jansen M, Clarke A, Loughrey MB, Campbell FC. Vitamin D3 suppresses morphological evolution of the cribriform cancerous phenotype. Oncotarget 2016; 7:49042-49064. [PMID: 27119498 PMCID: PMC5226489 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of cribriform morphology (CM) heralds malignant change in human colon but lack of mechanistic understanding hampers preventive therapy. This study investigated CM pathobiology in three-dimensional (3D) Caco-2 culture models of colorectal glandular architecture, assessed translational relevance and tested effects of 1,25(OH)2D3,theactive form of vitamin D. CM evolution was driven by oncogenic perturbation of the apical polarity (AP) complex comprising PTEN, CDC42 and PRKCZ (phosphatase and tensin homolog, cell division cycle 42 and protein kinase C zeta). Suppression of AP genes initiated a spatiotemporal cascade of mitotic spindle misorientation, apical membrane misalignment and aberrant epithelial configuration. Collectively, these events promoted "Swiss cheese-like" cribriform morphology (CM) comprising multiple abnormal "back to back" lumens surrounded by atypical stratified epithelium, in 3D colorectal gland models. Intestinal cancer driven purely by PTEN-deficiency in transgenic mice developed CM and in human CRC, CM associated with PTEN and PRKCZ readouts. Treatment of PTEN-deficient 3D cultures with 1,25(OH)2D3 upregulated PTEN, rapidly activated CDC42 and PRKCZ, corrected mitotic spindle alignment and suppressed CM development. Conversely, mutationally-activated KRAS blocked1,25(OH)2D3 rescue of glandular architecture. We conclude that 1,25(OH)2D3 upregulates AP signalling to reverse CM in a KRAS wild type (wt), clinically predictive CRC model system. Vitamin D could be developed as therapy to suppress inception or progression of a subset of colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Deevi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jane McClements
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karen D. McCloskey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aliya Fatehullah
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Dorota Tkocz
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Arman Javadi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Robyn Higginson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Marnix Jansen
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Alan Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maurice B. Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Frederick C. Campbell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Chen X, Xing J, Jiang L, Qian W, Wang Y, Sun H, Wang Y, Xiao H, Wang J, Zhang J. Involvement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in methamphetamine-induced neural damage. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1460-7. [PMID: 26923100 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), an illicit drug, is widely abused in many parts of the world. Mounting evidence shows that METH exposure contributes to neurotoxicity, particularly for the monoaminergic neurons. However, to date, only a few studies have tried to unravel the mechanisms involved in METH-induced non-monoaminergic neural damage. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to explore the mechanisms for METH-induced neural damage in cortical neurons. Our results showed that METH significantly increased intracellular [Ca(2) (+) ]i in Ca(2) (+) -containing solution rather than Ca(2) (+) -free solution. Moreover, METH also upregulated calmodulin (CaM) expression and activated CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Significantly, METH-induced neural damage can be partially retarded by CaM antagonist W7 as well as CaMKII blocker KN93. In addition, L-type Ca(2) (+) channel was also proved to be involved in METH-induced cell damage, as nifedipine, the L-type Ca(2) (+) channel-specific inhibitor, markedly attenuated METH-induced neural damage. Collectively, our results suggest that Ca(2) (+) -CaM-CaMKII is involved in METH-mediated neurotoxicity, and it might suggest a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies for METH abuse. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Wenyi Qian
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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The Ambiguous Relationship of Oxidative Stress, Tau Hyperphosphorylation, and Autophagy Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:352723. [PMID: 26171115 PMCID: PMC4485995 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques [aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ)] and neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of tau). Growing evidence suggests that tau accumulation is pathologically more relevant to the development of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD patients than Aβ plaques. Oxidative stress is a prominent early event in the pathogenesis of AD and is therefore believed to contribute to tau hyperphosphorylation. Several studies have shown that the autophagic pathway in neurons is important under physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, this pathway plays a crucial role for the degradation of endogenous soluble tau. However, the relationship between oxidative stress, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, autophagy dysregulation, and neuronal cell death in AD remains unclear. Here, we review the latest progress in AD, with a special emphasis on oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, and autophagy. We also discuss the relationship of these three factors in AD.
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Berchtold MW, Villalobo A. The many faces of calmodulin in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, autophagy, and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:398-435. [PMID: 24188867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca(2+) receptor protein mediating a large number of signaling processes in all eukaryotic cells. CaM plays a central role in regulating a myriad of cellular functions via interaction with multiple target proteins. This review focuses on the action of CaM and CaM-dependent signaling systems in the control of vertebrate cell proliferation, programmed cell death and autophagy. The significance of CaM and interconnected CaM-regulated systems for the physiology of cancer cells including tumor stem cells, and processes required for tumor progression such as growth, tumor-associated angiogenesis and metastasis are highlighted. Furthermore, the potential targeting of CaM-dependent signaling processes for therapeutic use is discussed.
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Key Words
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-benzoic acid
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone
- (−) enantiomer of dihydropyrine 3-methyl-5-3-(4,4-diphenyl-1-piperidinyl)-propyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-piridine-3,5-dicarboxylate-hydrochloride (niguldipine)
- 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine
- 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
- 2-chloro-(ε-amino-Lys(75))-[6-(4-(N,N′-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-4-yl]-CaM adduct
- 3′-(β-chloroethyl)-2′,4′-dioxo-3,5′-spiro-oxazolidino-4-deacetoxy-vinblastine
- 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- B859-35
- CAPP(1)-CaM
- Ca(2+) binding protein
- Calmodulin
- Cancer biology
- Cell proliferation
- DMBA
- EBB
- FL-CaM
- FPCE
- HBC
- HBCP
- J-8
- KAR-2
- KN-62
- KN-93
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-8-aminooctyl-5-iodo-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide
- O-(4-ethoxyl-butyl)-berbamine
- RITC-CaM
- TA-CaM
- TFP
- TPA
- W-12
- W-13
- W-5
- W-7
- fluorescein-CaM adduct
- fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane
- norchlorpromazine-CaM adduct
- rhodamine isothiocyanate-CaM adduct
- trifluoperazine
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Berchtold
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter 4-2-09 Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Department of Cancer Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Tau protein kinases: involvement in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:289-309. [PMID: 22742992 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tau phosphorylation is regulated by a balance between tau kinase and phosphatase activities. Disruption of this equilibrium was suggested to be at the origin of abnormal tau phosphorylation and thereby might contribute to tau aggregation. Thus, understanding the regulation modes of tau phosphorylation is of high interest in determining the possible causes at the origin of the formation of tau aggregates in order to elaborate protection strategies to cope with these lesions in Alzheimer's disease. Among the possible and specific interventions that reverse tau phosphorylation is the inhibition of certain tau kinases. Here, we extensively reviewed tau protein kinases, their physiological roles and regulation, their involvement in tau phosphorylation and their relevance to AD. We also reviewed the most common inhibitory compounds acting on each tau kinase.
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