1
|
Etemadi A, Hemmati S, Shahrivar-Gargari M, Abibiglue YT, Bavili A, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Dastmalchi S. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Indanone Derivatives as Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Potential Use in Alzheimer's Disease. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300075. [PMID: 37458518 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Indanone derivatives containing meta/para-substituted aminopropoxy benzyl/benzylidene moieties were designed based on the structures of donepezil and ebselen analogs as the cholinesterase inhibitors. The designed compounds were synthesized and their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were measured. Inhibitory potencies (IC50 values) for the synthesized compounds ranged from 0.12 to 11.92 μM and 0.04 to 24.36 μM against AChE and BChE, respectively. Compound 5 c showed the highest AChE inhibitory potency with IC50 value of 0.12 μM, whereas the highest BChE inhibition was achieved by structure 7 b (IC50 =0.04 μM). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between meta and para-substituted derivatives in AChE and BChE inhibition. However, the most potent AChE inhibitor 5 c belongs to meta-substituted compounds, while the most active BChE inhibitor is para-substituted derivative 7 b. The order of enzyme inhibition potency based on the substituted amine group is dimethyl amine>piperidine>morpholine. Compounds containing C=C linkage are more potent AChE inhibitors than the corresponding saturated structures. Molecular docking studies indicated that 5 c interacts with AChE in a very similar way to that observed experimentally for donepezil. The introduced indanone-aminopropoxy benzylidenes could be used in drug-discovery against Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Etemadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahrivar-Gargari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasaman Tamaddon Abibiglue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Bavili
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX: 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iwata K, Egawa Y, Yamanishi K, Tsuji H. Preparation of 2,3-Dibromo-1 H-indenes and Tetrabromodihydro- s-indacenes as Synthetic Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13882-13890. [PMID: 36226725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The acid-induced intramolecular cyclization of 1,1-disubstituted 3-aryl-2,3-dibromoallylalcohols affords 2,3-dibromo-1H-indene derivatives. This method is also applicable to the preparation of tetrabromodihydro-s-indacenes. The thus obtained multi-brominated compounds can serve as versatile synthetic building blocks to obtain a variety of indene and indacene derivatives, as demonstrated by the synthesis of dialkylmethylene-bridged oligo(phenylenevinylene)s, which feature attractive photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Iwata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Egawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yamanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shershnev IA, Boyarskaya IA, Vasilyev AV. 5,5,5-Trichloropent-3-en-one as a Precursor of 1,3-Bi-centered Electrophile in Reactions with Arenes in Brønsted Superacid CF 3SO 3H. Synthesis of 3-Methyl-1-trichloromethylindenes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196675. [PMID: 36235211 PMCID: PMC9573653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of 5,5,5-trichloropent-3-en-2-one Cl3CCH=CHC(=O)Me with arenes in Brønsted superacid CF3SO3H at room temperature for 2 h-5 days afford 3-methyl-1-trichloromethylindenes, a novel class of indene derivatives. The key reactive intermediate, O-protonated form of starting compound Cl3CCH=CHC(=OH+)Me, has been studied experimentally by NMR in CF3SO3H and theoretically by DFT calculations. The reaction proceeds through initial hydroarylation of the carbon-carbon double bond of starting CCl3-enone, followed by cyclization onto the O-protonated carbonyl group, leading to target indenes. In general, 5,5,5-trichloropent-3-en-2-one in CF3SO3H acts as a 1,3-bi-centered electrophile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Shershnev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Irina A. Boyarskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Aleksander V. Vasilyev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutsky per., 5, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kassam R, Yadav J, Chawla G, Kundu A, Hada A, Jaiswal N, Bollinedi H, Kamil D, Devi P, Rao U. Identification, Characterization, and Evaluation of Nematophagous Fungal Species of Arthrobotrys and Tolypocladium for the Management of Meloidogyne incognita. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790223. [PMID: 34956156 PMCID: PMC8702965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes belonging to the genus Meloidogyne are agriculturally important pests, and biocontrol strategies offer safer alternatives for their management. In the present study, two fungal species from Indian soils were identified as Arthrobotrys thaumasia and Tolypocladium cylindrosporum based on morphological characteristics and further confirmed using molecular markers. In vitro evaluation of A. thaumasia against M. incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans showed 82 and 73% parasitism, respectively, whereas T. cylindrosporum gave 65.2 and 57.7% parasitism, respectively. Similarly, culture filtrates of A. thaumasia caused 57.7 and 53.7% mortality of M. incognita and C. elegans, respectively, whereas T. cylindrosporum caused higher mortality of 87.3 and 64%, respectively. Besides, greenhouse evaluation of both fungi against M. incognita infecting tomato significantly reduced nematode disease burden reflecting parasitic success measured as the total number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass, and derived nematode multiplication factor. Application of A. thaumasia and T. cylindrosporum reduced nematode multiplication factor by 80 and 95%, respectively, compared with control. General metabolite profiling of tested fungi using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry reported for the first time here showed presence of various volatile and non-volatile compounds with nematicidal activity, viz., trimethyl-heptadiene, methyl-hexadecanol, dodecadienal, decane, terpendole E, dodecane, acetamido-6-anthraquinone, and hexadecanol. Also, other compounds such as undecane, dibutyl-disulfide, octadecenal, paganin, talathermophilin, dactylarin, tolypyridone A, tolypyridone B, pyridoxatin, and destruxin were identified, reported in the literature to possess antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. This is the first report of the occurrence of both fungi from India and pioneer demonstration of T. cylindrosporum for root-knot nematode management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Kassam
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Alkesh Hada
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Jaiswal
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeba Kamil
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prameela Devi
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Uma Rao, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-2921
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bilginer S, Gul HI, Hanci H, Gulcin I. Antibacterial and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potentials of Triazenes Containg Sulfonamide Moiety. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Velikorodov AV, Stepkina NN, Osipova VP, Zukhairaeva AS, Shustova EA. Synthesis of New Functionally Substituted Indenes, Benzofurans, and 2,5-Benzodiazocin-1(2H)-ones. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 India
- Department of Chemistry University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres Dehradun 248007 India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143005 India
- Department of Chemistry Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant Dehradun 248007 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff"; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto F.no Italy
| | - Dina Scarpi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff"; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto F.no Italy
| | - Ernesto G. Occhiato
- Dipartimento di Chimica "U. Schiff"; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Via della Lastruccia 13 50019 Sesto F.no Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rinaldi A, Langé V, Gómez-Bengoa E, Zanella G, Scarpi D, Occhiato EG. Synthesis of Indenes by Tandem Gold(I)-Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement/Hydroarylation Reaction of Propargyl Vinyl Ethers. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6298-6311. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Vittoria Langé
- Dipartimento di Chimica “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco/UPV-EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Giovanna Zanella
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco/UPV-EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dina Scarpi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Ernesto G. Occhiato
- Dipartimento di Chimica “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mezeiova E, Spilovska K, Nepovimova E, Gorecki L, Soukup O, Dolezal R, Malinak D, Janockova J, Jun D, Kuca K, Korabecny J. Profiling donepezil template into multipotent hybrids with antioxidant properties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29529892 PMCID: PMC6009928 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1443326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is debilitating neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Current therapy relies on administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) -donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine. However, their therapeutic effect is only short-term and stabilizes cognitive functions for up to 2 years. Given this drawback together with other pathological hallmarks of the disease taken into consideration, novel approaches have recently emerged to better cope with AD onset or its progression. One such strategy implies broadening the biological profile of AChEIs into so-called multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). In this review article, we made comprehensive literature survey emphasising on donepezil template which was structurally converted into plethora of MTLDs preserving anti-cholinesterase effect and, at the same time, escalating the anti-oxidant potential, which was reported as a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mezeiova
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Spilovska
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Gorecki
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Magnesium phosphate ceramics incorporating a novel indene compound promote osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. Biomaterials 2017; 157:51-61. [PMID: 29245051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating bioactive molecules into synthetic ceramic scaffolds is challenging. In this study, to enhance bone regeneration, a magnesium phosphate (MgP) ceramic scaffold was incorporated with a novel indene compound, KR-34893. KR-34893 induced the deposition of minerals and expression of osteoblast marker genes in primary human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and a mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line. Analysis of the mode of action showed that KR-34893 induced the phosphorylation of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and subsequently the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7, accompanied by SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation. Accordingly, KR-34893 was incorporated into an MgP scaffold prepared by 3D printing at room temperature, followed by cement reaction. KR-34893-incorporated MgP (KR-MgP) induced the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes in vitro. In a rat calvaria defect model, KR-MgP scaffolds enhanced bone regeneration and increased bone volume compared with MgP scaffolds, as assessed by micro-computed tomography and histological analyses. In conclusion, we developed a method for producing osteoinductive MgP scaffolds incorporating a bioactive organic compound, without high temperature sintering. The KR-MgP scaffolds enhanced osteoblast activation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ramsay RR, Tipton KF. Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the Development of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:E1192. [PMID: 28714881 PMCID: PMC6152246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actions of many drugs involve enzyme inhibition. This is exemplified by the inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) and the cholinsterases (ChE) that have been used for several pharmacological purposes. This review describes key principles and approaches for the reliable determination of enzyme activities and inhibition as well as some of the methods that are in current use for such studies with these two enzymes. Their applicability and potential pitfalls arising from their inappropriate use are discussed. Since inhibitor potency is frequently assessed in terms of the quantity necessary to give 50% inhibition (the IC50 value), the relationships between this and the mode of inhibition is also considered, in terms of the misleading information that it may provide. Incorporation of more than one functionality into the same molecule to give a multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) requires careful assessment to ensure that the specific target effects are not significantly altered and that the kinetic behavior remains as favourable with the MTDL as it does with the individual components. Such factors will be considered in terms of recently developed MTDLs that combine MAO and ChE inhibitory functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK.
| | - Keith F Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martynov MY, Iakovenko RO, Kazakova AN, Boyarskaya IA, Vasilyev AV. Acid-promoted cyclization of 2,4-diaryl-1,1,1-trifluorobut-3-en-2-oles and their TMS-ethers into CF3-indenes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2541-2550. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Diaryl-1,1,1-trifluorobut-3-en-2-oles and their TMS-ethers in H2SO4 at room temperature in just 2 min are quantitatively cyclized into 1-aryl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-indenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matvei Yu. Martynov
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Roman O. Iakovenko
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Anna N. Kazakova
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Irina A. Boyarskaya
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Aleksander V. Vasilyev
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russia
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saulnier S, Golovanov AA, Vasilyev A. A controlled tandem transformation of conjugated enynones with arenes under superelectrophilic activation leading to aryl-substituted dienones and indenes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21965a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Under superelectrophilic activation in triflic acid (TfOH) and in the presence of arenes, 1,5-diarylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ones lead to aryl-substituted indenes with yields up to 97%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Saulnier
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Alexander A. Golovanov
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Processes and Technologies
- Togliatti State University
- Togliatti
- Russia
| | - Aleksander V. Vasilyev
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- Russia
| |
Collapse
|