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Vivenzio VM, Esposito D, Monti SM, De Simone G. Bacterial α-CAs: a biochemical and structural overview. Enzymes 2024; 55:31-63. [PMID: 39222995 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases belonging to the α-class are widely distributed in bacterial species. These enzymes have been isolated from bacteria with completely different characteristics including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. α-CAs show a considerable similarity when comparing the biochemical, kinetic and structural features, with only small differences which reflect the diverse role these enzymes play in Nature. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview on bacterial α-CA data, with a highlight to their potential biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Overview on bacterial carbonic anhydrase genetic families. Enzymes 2024; 55:1-29. [PMID: 39222988 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial carbonic anhydrases (BCAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are indispensable enzymes in microbial physiology because they facilitate the hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and protons (H+), which are crucial for various metabolic processes and cellular homeostasis. Their involvement spans from metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis, respiration, to organic compounds production, which are pivotal for bacterial growth and survival. This chapter elucidates the diversity of BCA genetic families, categorized into four distinct classes (α, β, γ, and ι), which may reflect bacterial adaptation to environmental niches and their metabolic demands. The diversity of BCAs is essential not only for understanding their physiological roles but also for exploring their potential in biotechnology. Knowledge of their diversity enables researchers to develop innovative biocatalysts for industrial applications, including carbon capture technologies to convert CO2 emissions into valuable products. Additionally, BCAs are relevant to biomedical research and drug development because of their involvement in bacterial pathogenesis and microbial survival within the host. Understanding the diversity and function of BCAs can aid in designing targeted therapeutics that interfere with bacterial metabolism and potentially reduce the risk of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Bacterial ι-CAs. Enzymes 2024; 55:121-142. [PMID: 39222989 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has identified a novel class of carbonic anhydrases (CAs), designated ι-CA, predominantly found in marine diatoms, eukaryotic algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, and archaea genomes. This class has garnered attention owing to its unique biochemical properties and evolutionary significance. Through bioinformatic analyses, LCIP63, a protein initially annotated with an unknown function, was identified as a potential ι-CA in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Subsequent biochemical characterization revealed that LCIP63 has CA activity and its preference for manganese ions over zinc, indicative of evolutionary adaptation to marine environments. Further exploration of bacterial ι-CAs, exemplified by Burkholderia territorii ι-CA (BteCAι), demonstrated catalytic efficiency and sensitivity to sulfonamide and inorganic anion inhibitors, the classical CA inhibitors (CAIs). The classification of ι-CAs into two variant types based on their sequences, distinguished by the COG4875 and COG4337 domains, marks a significant advancement in our understanding of these enzymes. Structural analyses of COG4337 ι-CAs from eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria thereafter revealed a distinctive structural arrangement and a novel catalytic mechanism involving specific residues facilitating CO2 hydration in the absence of metal ion cofactors, deviating from canonical CA behavior. These findings underscore the biochemical diversity within the ι-CA class and highlight its potential as a target for novel antimicrobial agents. Overall, the elucidation of ι-CA properties and mechanisms advances our knowledge of carbon metabolism in diverse organisms and underscores the complexity of CA evolution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, italy
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Zaidi S, Srivastava N, Kumar Khare S. Microbial carbonic anhydrase mediated carbon capture, sequestration & utilization: A sustainable approach to delivering bio-renewables. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128174. [PMID: 36283672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the recent scenario, anthropogenic interventions have alarmingly disrupted climatic conditions. The persistent change in the climate necessitates carbon neutrality. Efficient ways of carbon capture and sequestration could be employed for sustainable product generation. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions, further utilized by cells for metabolic processes. Hence, utilizing CA from microbial sources for carbon sequestration and the corresponding delivery of bio-renewables could be the eco-friendly approach. Consequently, the microbial CA and amine-based carbon capture chemicals are synergistically applied to enhance carbon capture efficiency and eventual utilization. This review comprehends recent developments coupled with engineering techniques, especially in microbial CA, to create integrated systems for CO2 sequestration. It envisages developing sustainable approaches towards mitigating environmental CO2 from industries and fossil fuels to generate bio-renewables and other value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Zaidi
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nitin Srivastava
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Russo ME, Capasso C, Marzocchella A, Salatino P. Immobilization of carbonic anhydrase for CO 2 capture and utilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3419-3430. [PMID: 35503472 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an excellent candidate for novel biocatalytic processes based on the capture and utilization of CO2. The setup of efficient methods for enzyme immobilization makes CA utilization in continuous bioreactors increasingly attractive and opens up new opportunities for the industrial use of CA. The development of efficient processes for CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) is one of the most challenging targets of modern chemical reaction engineering. In the general frame of CCU processes, the interest in the utilization of immobilized CA as a biocatalyst for augmentation of CO2 reactive absorption has grown consistently over the last decade. The present mini-review surveys and discusses key methodologies for CA immobilization aimed at the development of heterogeneous biocatalysts for CCU. Advantages and drawbacks of covalent attachment on fine granular solids, immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates, and "in vivo" immobilization methods are presented. In particular, criteria for optimal selection of CA-biocatalyst and design of CO2 absorption units are presented and discussed to highlight the most effective solutions. Perspectives on biocatalytic CCU processes that can include the use of CA in an enzymatic reactive CO2 absorption step are eventually presented with a special focus on two examples of CO2 fixation pathways: hybrid enzyme-microalgae process and enzyme cascade for the production of carboxylic acids. KEY POINTS: • Covalent immobilization techniques applied to CA are effective for CO2 ERA. • Biocatalyst type and morphology must be selected considering CO2 ERA conditions. • Immobilized CA can offer novel routes to CO2 capture and direct utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Russo
- Istituto di Scienze Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via P: Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Marzocchella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Salatino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Ai M, Jia X. Surface display of carbonic anhydrase on Escherichia coli for CO 2 capture and mineralization. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:460-473. [PMID: 34938905 PMCID: PMC8654698 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most promising technologies for capturing CO2. In this work, Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) was used as the host, and the N-terminus of ice nucleation protein (INPN) was used as the carrier protein. Different fusion patterns and vectors were used to construct CA surface display systems for α-carbonic anhydrase (HPCA) from Helicobacter pylori 26695 and α-carbonic anhydrase (SazCA) from Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense. The surface display system in which HPCA was fused with INPN via a flexible linker and intermediate repeat sequences showed higher whole-cell enzyme activity, while the enzyme activity of the SazCA expression system was significantly higher than that of the HPCA expression system. The pET22b vector with the signal peptide PelB was more suitable for the cell surface display of SazCA. Cell fractionation and western-blot analysis indicated that SazCA and INPN were successfully anchored on the cell's outer membrane as a fusion protein. The enzyme activity of the surface display strain E-22b-IRLS (11.43 U·mL-1OD600 -1) was significantly higher than that of the intracellular expression strain E-22b-S (8.355 U·mL-1OD600 -1) under optimized induction conditions. Compared with free SazCA, E-22b-IRLS had higher thermal and pH stability. The long-term stability of SazCA was also significantly improved by surface display. When the engineered strain and free enzyme were used for CO2 mineralization, the amount of CaCO3 deposition catalyzed by the strain E-22b-IRLS on the surface (241 mg) was similar to that of the free SazCA and was significantly higher than the intracellular expression strain E-22b-S (173 mg). These results demonstrate that the SazCA surface display strain can serve as a whole-cell biocatalyst for CO2 capture and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhuang Zhu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Mingmei Ai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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Parri L, Fort A, Lo Grasso A, Mugnaini M, Vignoli V, Capasso C, Del Prete S, Romanelli MN, Supuran CT. Evaluating the efficiency of enzyme accelerated CO 2 capture: chemical kinetics modelling for interpreting measurement results. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:394-401. [PMID: 33430654 PMCID: PMC7831361 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1864631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the efficiency of the carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme in accelerating the hydration of CO2 is evaluated using a measurement system which consists of a vessel in which a gaseous flow of mixtures of nitrogen and CO2 is bubbled into water or water solutions containing a known quantity of CA enzyme. The pH value of the solution and the CO2 concentration at the measurement system gas exhaust are continuously monitored. The measured CO2 level allows for assessing the quantity of CO2, which, subtracted from the gaseous phase, is dissolved into the liquid phase and/or hydrated to bicarbonate. The measurement procedure consists of inducing a transient and observing and modelling the different kinetics involved in the steady-state recovery with and without CA. The main contribution of this work is exploiting dynamical system theory and chemical kinetics modelling for interpreting measurement results for characterising the activity of CA enzymes. The data for model fitting are obtained from a standard bioreactor, in principle equal to standard two-phase bioreactors described in the literature, in which two different techniques can be used to move the process itself away from the steady-state, inducing transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Parri
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ada Fort
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Lo Grasso
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Mugnaini
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Vignoli
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR -Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR -Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Fabbricino S, Del Prete S, Russo ME, Capasso C, Marzocchella A, Salatino P. In vivo immobilized carbonic anhydrase and its effect on the enhancement of CO 2 absorption rate. J Biotechnol 2021; 336:41-49. [PMID: 34129873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive absorption into aqueous solutions promoted by carbonic anhydrase (CA, E.C. 4.2.1.1.) has been often proposed as a post-combustion CO2 capture process. The state of the art reveals the need for efficient biocatalyst based on carbonic anhydrase that can be used to further develop CO2 capture and utilization technologies. The present study is focused on the use of a thermostable CA-based biocatalyst. The carbonic anhydrase SspCA, from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense, was in vivo immobilized as membrane-anchored protein (INPN-SspCA) on the outer membrane of Escherichia coli cells. The dispersed biocatalyst, made by cell membrane debris, was characterized in terms of its contribution to the enhancement of CO2 absorption in carbonate/bicarbonate alkaline buffer at operating conditions relevant for industrial CO2 capture processes. The amount of immobilized enzyme, estimated by SDS-PAGE, resulted in about 1 mg enzyme/g membrane debris. The apparent kinetics of the biocatalyst was characterized through CO2 absorption tests in a stirred cell lab-scale reactor assuming a pseudo-homogeneous behaviour of the biocatalyst. At 298 K, the assessed values of the second-order kinetic constant ranged between 0.176 and 0.555 L∙mg-1∙s-1. Reusability of the biocatalyst after 24 h showed the absence of free enzyme release in the alkaline solvent. Moreover, the equilibration of dispersed cell membrane debris against the alkaline buffer positively affected the performances of the heterogeneous biocatalyst. These results encourage further studies on the in vivo immobilized SspCA aimed at optimizing the enzyme loading on the cell membrane and the handling of the biocatalyst in the CO2 absorption reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fabbricino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio, 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - M E Russo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le V. Tecchio, 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
| | - C Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Marzocchella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio, 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - P Salatino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio, 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
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Nicchi S, Giuliani M, Giusti F, Pancotto L, Maione D, Delany I, Galeotti CL, Brettoni C. Decorating the surface of Escherichia coli with bacterial lipoproteins: a comparative analysis of different display systems. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:33. [PMID: 33531008 PMCID: PMC7853708 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The display of recombinant proteins on cell surfaces has a plethora of applications including vaccine development, screening of peptide libraries, whole-cell biocatalysts and biosensor development for diagnostic, industrial or environmental purposes. In the last decades, a wide variety of surface display systems have been developed for the exposure of recombinant proteins on the surface of Escherichia coli, such as autotransporters and outer membrane proteins. Results In this study, we assess three approaches for the surface display of a panel of heterologous and homologous mature lipoproteins in E. coli: four from Neisseria meningitidis and four from the host strain that are known to be localised in the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Constructs were made carrying the sequences coding for eight mature lipoproteins, each fused to the delivery portion of three different systems: the autotransporter adhesin involved in diffuse adherence-I (AIDA-I) from enteropathogenic E. coli, the Lpp’OmpA chimaera and a truncated form of the ice nucleation protein (INP), InaK-NC (N-terminal domain fused with C-terminal one) from Pseudomonas syringae. In contrast to what was observed for the INP constructs, when fused to the AIDA-I or Lpp’OmpA, most of the mature lipoproteins were displayed on the bacterial surface both at 37 and 25 °C as demonstrated by FACS analysis, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first study that compares surface display systems using a number of passenger proteins. We have shown that the experimental conditions, including the choice of the carrier protein and the growth temperature, play an important role in the translocation of mature lipoproteins onto the bacterial surface. Despite all the optimization steps performed with the InaK-NC anchor motif, surface exposure of the passenger proteins used in this study was not achieved. For our experimental conditions, Lpp’OmpA chimaera has proved to be an efficient surface display system for the homologous passenger proteins although cell lysis and phenotype heterogeneity were observed. Finally, AIDA-I was found to be the best surface display system for mature lipoproteins (especially heterologous ones) in the E. coli host strain with no inhibition of growth and only limited phenotype heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nicchi
- GSK, via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Salbitani G, Del Prete S, Bolinesi F, Mangoni O, De Luca V, Carginale V, Donald WA, Supuran CT, Carfagna S, Capasso C. Use of an immobilised thermostable α-CA (SspCA) for enhancing the metabolic efficiency of the freshwater green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:913-920. [PMID: 32223467 PMCID: PMC7170359 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1746785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in increasing the microalgal efficiency for producing high-quality products that are commonly used as food additives in nutraceuticals. Some natural substances that can be extracted from algae include lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, carotenoids, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins. Generally, microalgal photoautotrophic growth can be maximised by optimising CO2 biofixation, and by adding sodium bicarbonate and specific bacteria to the microalgal culture. Recently, to enhance CO2 biofixation, a thermostable carbonic anhydrase (SspCA) encoded by the genome of the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense has been heterologously expressed and immobilised on the surfaces of bacteria. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which catalyse the physiologically reversible reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons: CO2 + H2O ⇄ HCO3− + H+. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that the fragments of bacterial membranes containing immobilised SspCA (M-SspCA) on their surfaces can be doped into the microalgal culture of the green unicellular alga, Chlorella sorokiniana, to significantly enhance the biomass, photosynthetic activity, carotenoids production, and CA activity by this alga. These results are of biotechnological interest because C. sorokiniana is widely used in many different areas, including photosynthesis research, human pharmaceutical production, aquaculture-based food production, and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Olga Mangoni
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of NEUROFARB, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simona Carfagna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
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Supuran CT, Capasso C. Antibacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: an update on the recent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:963-982. [PMID: 32806966 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1811853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinically licensed drugs used as antibiotics prevent the microbial growth interfering with the biosynthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, microorganism wall biosynthesis or wall permeability, and microbial metabolic pathways. A serious, emerging problem is the arisen of extensive drug resistance afflicting most countries worldwide. AREAS COVERED An exciting approach to fight drug resistance is the identification of essential enzymes encoded by pathogen genomes. Inhibition of such enzymes may impair microbial growth or virulence due to interference with crucial metabolic processes. Genome exploration of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms has revealed carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) as possible antibacterial targets. EXPERT OPINION Balancing the equilibrium between CO2 and HCO3 - is essential for microbial metabolism and is regulated by at least four classes of CAs. Classical CA inhibitors (CAIs) such as ethoxzolamide were shown to kill the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori in vitro, whereas acetazolamide and some of its more lipophilic derivatives were shown to be effective against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., with MICs in the range of 0.007-2 µg/mL, better than linezolid, the only clinically used agent available to date. Such results reinforce the rationale of considering existing and newly designed CAIs as antibacterials with an alternative mechanism of action.
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Mattossovich R, Merlo R, Miggiano R, Valenti A, Perugino G. O6-alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferases in Microbes Living on the Edge: From Stability to Applicability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2878. [PMID: 32326075 PMCID: PMC7216122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of living cells is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous attacks, and this is particularly amplified at high temperatures. Alkylating agents cause DNA damage, leading to mutations and cell death; for this reason, they also play a central role in chemotherapy treatments. A class of enzymes known as AGTs (alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferases) protects the DNA from mutations caused by alkylating agents, in particular in the recognition and repair of alkylated guanines in O6-position. The peculiar irreversible self-alkylation reaction of these enzymes triggered numerous studies, especially on the human homologue, in order to identify effective inhibitors in the fight against cancer. In modern biotechnology, engineered variants of AGTs are developed to be used as protein tags for the attachment of chemical ligands. In the last decade, research on AGTs from (hyper)thermophilic sources proved useful as a model system to clarify numerous phenomena, also common for mesophilic enzymes. This review traces recent progress in this class of thermozymes, emphasizing their usefulness in basic research and their consequent advantages for in vivo and in vitro biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mattossovich
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosa Merlo
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Anna Valenti
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Perugino
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.)
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Merlo R, Del Prete S, Valenti A, Mattossovich R, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Capasso C, Perugino G. An AGT-based protein-tag system for the labelling and surface immobilization of enzymes on E. coli outer membrane. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:490-499. [PMID: 30724623 PMCID: PMC6366409 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1559161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural systems, such as outer membrane protein A (OmpA), phosphoporin E (PhoE), ice nucleation protein (INP), etc., has been proved very useful for the surface exposure of proteins on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. These strategies have the clear advantage of unifying in a one-step the production, the purification and the in vivo immobilisation of proteins/biocatalysts onto a specific biological support. Here, we introduce the novel Anchoring-and-Self-Labelling-protein-tag (ASLtag), which allows the in vivo immobilisation of enzymes on E. coli surface and the labelling of the neosynthesised proteins with the engineered alkylguanine-DNA-alkyl-transferase (H5) from Sulfolobus solfataricus. Our results demonstrated that this tag enhanced the overexpression of thermostable enzymes, such as the carbonic anhydrase (SspCA) from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense and the β-glycoside hydrolase (SsβGly) from S. solfataricus, without affecting their folding and catalytic activity, proposing a new tool for the improvement in the utilisation of biocatalysts of biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Merlo
- Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and BioResources – National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and BioResources – National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Valenti
- Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and BioResources – National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattossovich
- Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and BioResources – National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and BioResources – National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and BioResources – National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perugino
- Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Bioscience and BioResources – National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
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14
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Del Prete S, Merlo R, Valenti A, Mattossovich R, Rossi M, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Perugino G, Capasso C. Thermostability enhancement of the α-carbonic anhydrase from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense by using the anchoring-and-self-labelling-protein-tag system (ASL tag). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:946-954. [PMID: 31039618 PMCID: PMC6493269 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1605991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are a superfamily of ubiquitous metalloenzymes present in all living organisms on the planet. They are classified into seven genetically distinct families and catalyse the hydration reaction of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons, as well as the opposite reaction. CAs were proposed to be used for biotechnological applications, such as the post-combustion carbon capture processes. In this context, there is a great interest in searching CAs with robust chemical and physical properties. Here, we describe the enhancement of thermostability of the α-CA from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense (SspCA) by using the anchoring-and-self-labelling-protein-tag system (ASLtag). The anchored chimeric H5-SspCA was active for the CO2 hydration reaction and its thermostability increased when the cells were heated for a prolonged period at high temperatures (e.g. 70 °C). The ASLtag can be considered as a useful method for enhancing the thermostability of a protein useful for biotechnological applications, which often need harsh operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Rosa Merlo
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Valenti
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattossovich
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Neurofarba Department , University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Sesto Fiorentino Firenze , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perugino
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- a Department of Biology Agriculture and Food Sciences , Institute of Bioscience and BioResources - National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
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15
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Tan SI, Han YL, Yu YJ, Chiu CY, Chang YK, Ouyang S, Fan KC, Lo KH, Ng IS. Efficient carbon dioxide sequestration by using recombinant carbonic anhydrase. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Bloch S, Nejman-Faleńczyk B, Pierzynowska K, Piotrowska E, Węgrzyn A, Marminon C, Bouaziz Z, Nebois P, Jose J, Le Borgne M, Saso L, Węgrzyn G. Inhibition of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophage development by novel antioxidant compounds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29536772 PMCID: PMC6009899 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1444610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be the major cause of induction of Shiga toxin-converting (Stx) prophages from chromosomes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in human intestine. Thus, we aimed to test a series of novel antioxidant compounds for their activities against prophage induction, thus, preventing pathogenicity of STEC. Forty-six compounds (derivatives of carbazole, indazole, triazole, quinolone, ninhydrine, and indenoindole) were tested. Fifteen of them gave promising results and were further characterized. Eleven compounds had acceptable profiles in cytotoxicity tests with human HEK-293 and HDFa cell lines. Three of them (selected for molecular studies) prevent the prophage induction at the level of expression of specific phage genes. In bacterial cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress response was significantly less efficient in the presence of the tested compounds. Therefore, they apparently reduce the oxidative stress, which prevents induction of Stx prophage in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bloch
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Bożena Nejman-Faleńczyk
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- b Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Christelle Marminon
- c Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7 , Lyon , France
| | - Zouhair Bouaziz
- c Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7 , Lyon , France
| | - Pascal Nebois
- c Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7 , Lyon , France
| | - Joachim Jose
- d Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- c Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7 , Lyon , France
| | - Luciano Saso
- e Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer" , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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17
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An Overview of the Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040056. [PMID: 29137134 PMCID: PMC5746736 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria encode carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to three different genetic families, the α-, β-, and γ-classes. By equilibrating CO2 and bicarbonate, these metalloenzymes interfere with pH regulation and other crucial physiological processes of these organisms. The detailed investigations of many such enzymes from pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria afford the opportunity to design both novel therapeutic agents, as well as biomimetic processes, for example, for CO2 capture. Investigation of bacterial CA inhibitors and activators may be relevant for finding antibiotics with a new mechanism of action.
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