Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-anlinoquinazoline derivatives as EGFR inhibitors with the potential to inhibit the gefitinib-resistant nonsmall cell lung cancers

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Based on Quinazoline Derivatives as EGFR Kinase Inhibitors (2017-Present)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis of various forms of cancer. Targeting the mutant forms of EGFR has been identified as an attractive therapeutic approach and led to the approval of three generations of inhibitors. The quinazoline core has emerged as a favorable scaffold for the development of novel EGFR inhibitors due to increased affinity for the active site of EGFR kinase. Currently, there are five first-generation (gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, vandetanib, and icotinib) and two second-generation (afatinib and dacomitinib) quinazoline-based EGFR inhibitors approved for the treatment of various types of cancers. The aim of this review is to outline the structural modulations favorable for the inhibitory activity toward both common mutant (del19 and L858R) and resistance-conferring mutant (T790M and C797S) EGFR forms, and provide an overview of the newly synthesized quinazoline derivatives as potentially competitive, covalent or allosteric inhibitors of EGFR.

Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidine derivatives as EGFR inhibitors

A new series of 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesised as EGFR inhibitors. Three tumour cells A549, MCF-7, PC-3 and EGFR kinase were employed to evaluate their biological activities. The results were shown that most of the target compounds existed excellent antitumor activities. In particular, the IC₅₀ values of compound 9u (E)-3-((2-((4-(3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylamido)phenyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-N-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide against A549, MCF-7, PC-3 cells and EGFR kinase reached to 0.35 μM, 3.24 μM, 5.12 μM, and 0.091 μM, respectively. Additionally, further researches revealed that compound 9u could induce early apoptosis of A549 cells and arrest the cells in G2/M phase. Taken together, these findings indicated that compound 9u was potential for developing as antitumor reagent.

Novel quinazoline-based EGFR kinase inhibitors: A review focussing on SAR and molecular docking studies (2015-2019)

The over expression of EGFR has been recognized as the driver mechanism in the occurrence and progression of carcinomas such as lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, etcetera. EGFR receptor was thus established as an important target for the management of solid tumors. The occurrence of resistance caused as a result of mutations in EGFR has presented a formidable challenge in the discovery of novel inhibitors of EGFR. This has resulted in the development of three generations of EGFR TKIs. Newer mutations like C797S cause failure of Osimertinib and other EGFR TKIs belonging to the third-generation caused by the development of resistance. In this review, we have summarized the work done in the last five years to overcome the limitations of currently marketed drugs, giving structural activity relationships of quinazoline-based lead compounds synthesized and tested recently. We have also highlighted the shortcomings of the currently used approaches and have provided guidance for circumventing these limitations. Our review would help medicinal chemists streamline and guide their efforts towards developing novel quinazoline-based EGFR inhibitors.