1
|
Oanh VT, Phong NV, Min BS, Yang SY, Kim JA. Insights into the inhibitory activities of neolignans and diarylnonanoid derivatives from nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans Houtt.) seeds on soluble epoxide hydrolase using in vitro and in silico approaches. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2251099. [PMID: 37638797 PMCID: PMC10464555 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2251099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new neolignans, myrifralignans F-G (14 and 18), four new diarylnonanoid derivatives, myrifragranones A-D (21-24), and 18 known compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) seeds. The absolute configurations of these secondary metabolites were determined using the electronic circular dichroism technique. The inhibitory potential of these isolated compounds on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was investigated for the first time. Among them, malabaricones B and C (19 and 20) and four new compounds 21-24 displayed inhibitory activities against sEH, with IC50 values ranging from 14.24 to 46.35 µM. Additionally, the binding mechanism, key binding interactions, stability, and dynamic behaviour of the active compounds with the sEH enzyme were analysed using in silico molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Our findings suggest that nutmeg could become a promising natural source for discovering and developing new sEH inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Oanh
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Biotechnology Department, Vietnam – Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Thach Hoa, Thach That, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
An Investigation of the Anti-Depressive Properties of Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids in Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185809. [PMID: 36144545 PMCID: PMC9502271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts that over the next several years, depression will become the most important mental health issue globally. Growing evidence shows that the flower buds of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (H. citrina) possess antidepressant properties. In the search for new anti-depression drugs, a total of 15 phenylpropanoids and 22 flavonoids were isolated and identified based on spectral data (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV) from H. citrina. Among them, compound 8 was a novel compound, while compounds 1–4, 6, 9, 10, 15, 17, 24–26, 28, and 37 were isolated for the first time from Hemerocallis genus. To study the antidepressant activity of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids fractions from H. citrina, macroporous resin was used to enrich them under the guidance of UV characteristics. UHPLC-MS/MS was applied to identify the constituents of the enriched fractions. According to behavioral tests and biochemical analyses, it showed that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid fractions from H. citrina can improve the depressive-like mental state of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. This might be accomplished by controlling the amounts of the inflammatory proteins IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the hippocampus as well as corticosterone in the serum. Thus, the monomer compounds were tested for their anti-neuroinflammatory activity and their structure–activity relationship was discussed in further detail.
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Sun C, Chen H. Quality evaluation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum different parts based on quantitative analysis of 42 bioactive constituents combined with multivariate statistical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:754-765. [PMID: 35383426 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The root of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (RTH) has been widely used as a folk medicine in China. Meanwhile, its stems (STH) and leaves (LTH) are consumed as functional tea and food supplementation. Therefore, it is important to get a better understanding of the distribution of bioactive constituents in different parts of T. hemsleyanum. OBJECTIVE To develop a method for quantitative analysis of multiple bioactive constituents and comparing their distribution in RTH, STH and LTH. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was used for the quantitative analysis. The quantitative data were further analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least squares determinant analysis (PLS-DA). RESULTS Forty-two constituents in RTH, STH and LTH, including 14 flavonoids, three phenolic acids, 15 amino acids and 10 nucleosides, were quantitatively determined. The contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in LTH were significantly higher than those in RTH and STH. While the contents of amino acids and nucleosides in LTH were less than those in RTH and STH. Multivariate statistical analysis can significantly classify and distinguish RTH, STH, and LTH. CONCLUSIONS The present method would be helpful for the quality control of T. hemsleyanum, and the results would be useful for the efficient utilisation of T. hemsleyanum in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Luo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chonglu Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongjiang Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liudvytska O, Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J. A Review on Rhubarb-Derived Substances as Modulators of Cardiovascular Risk Factors—A Special Emphasis on Anti-Obesity Action. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102053. [PMID: 35631194 PMCID: PMC9144273 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently available anti-obesity therapies encounter many associated risks and side effects often causing the ineffectiveness of treatment. Therefore, various plant-derived substances have been extensively studied as a promising support or even an alternative for existing anti-obesity therapies. This review is dealing with the anti-obesity potential of edible and ethnomedicinal rhubarb species and emerging possible role of the rhubarb-derived extracts or individual compounds in the prevention of obesity and perspectives for their use in an anti-obesity treatment. A special emphasis is put on the most popular edible specimens, i.e., Rheum rhabarbarum L. (garden rhubarb) and Rheum rhaponticum L. (rhapontic rhubarb, Siberian rhubarb); however, the anti-obesity potential of other rhubarb species (e.g., R. officinale, R. palmatum, and R. emodi) is presented as well. The significance of rhubarb-derived extracts and low-molecular specialized rhubarb metabolites of diversified chemical background, e.g., anthraquinones and stilbenes, as potential modulators of human metabolism is highlighted, including the context of cardiovascular disease prevention. The available reports present multiple encouraging rhubarb properties starting from the anti-lipidemic action of rhubarb fibre or its use as purgative medicines, through various actions of rhubarb-derived extracts and their individual compounds: inhibition of enzymes of cholesterol and lipid metabolism, targeting of key molecular regulators of adipogenesis, regulators of cell energy metabolism, the ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory signalling pathways and to regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis contributing to overall in vivo and clinical anti-obesity effects.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou FM, Chen YC, Jin CY, Qian CD, Zhu BQ, Zhou Y, Ding ZS, Wang YQ. Polysaccharide Isolated From Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Activates TLR4 in Macrophage Cell Lines and Enhances Immune Responses in OVA-Immunized and LLC-Bearing Mouse Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:609059. [PMID: 33841142 PMCID: PMC8024652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.609059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a valuable Chinese medicinal herb with a long history of clinical application. Our previous study isolated and characterized a purified polysaccharide from the aerial part of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (SYQP) and found it having antipyretic and antitumor effects in mice. A preliminary mechanistic study suggests these effects may be related to the binding of toll-like receptor (TLR4). The objective of this study is to further explore the detailed stimulating characteristics of SYQP on TLR4 signaling pathway and its in vivo immune regulating effect. We use HEK-BLUE hTLR4, mouse and human macrophage cell lines, as research tools. In vitro results show SYQP activated HEK-BLUE hTLR4 instead of HEK-BLUE Null cells. The secretion and the mRNA expression of cytokines related to TLR4 signaling significantly increased after SYQP treatment in both PMA-induced THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines. The TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 can almost completely abolish this activation. Furthermore, molecules such as IRAK1, NF-κB, MAPKs, and IRF3 in both the MyD88 and TRIF branches were all activated without pathway selection. In vivo results show SYQP enhanced antigen-specific spleen lymphocyte proliferation and serum IgG levels in OVA-immunized C57BL/6 mice. Orally administered 200 mg/kg SYQP induced obvious tumor regression, spleen weight increase, and the upregulation of the mRNA expression of TLR4-related cytokines in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. These results indicate SYQP can act as both a human and mouse TLR4 agonist and enhance immune responses in mice (p < 0.05). This study provides a basis for the development and utilization of SYQP as a new type of TLR4 agonist in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Mei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Ying Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Dong Qian
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun CP, Zhang XY, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Zhang ZJ, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Discovery of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors from Chemical Synthesis and Natural Products. J Med Chem 2020; 64:184-215. [PMID: 33369424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein and widely distributed in numerous organs including the liver, kidney, and brain. The inhibition of sEH can effectively maintain endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels and reduce dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) levels, resulting in therapeutic potentials for cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, since the beginning of this century, the development of sEH inhibitors is a hot research topic. A variety of potent sEH inhibitors have been developed by chemical synthesis or isolated from natural sources. In this review, we mainly summarized the interconnected aspects of sEH with cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases and then focus on representative inhibitors, which would provide some useful guidance for the future development of potential sEH inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu R, Xu X, Ying J, Cao G, Wu X. The Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg in China: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:550497. [PMID: 33101019 PMCID: PMC7546407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.550497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (TDG), the family member of Vitaceae, is a traditional herbal medicine in China. The root of TDG can be immediately used after cleaning the muddy soil, and can be dehydrated for dry use. TDG is able to be collected all year round, which is commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis, infantile high fever, snake bite, etc. Based on phytochemistry, the chemical components of TDG are divided into flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, steroids, polysaccharide, and other compounds, showing many pharmacological effects which include anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as other activities. Currently, TDG involves some problems of the reduction of wild resources, the backward processing methods, and storage difficulties as well as the imperfection of detection methods. Therefore, this review summarizes the literature of the past 20 years, and the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent researches on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and clinical application of TDG. The above discussions provide new insights for the future research on TDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Inhibitory Activity of Quercetin 3- O-Arabinofuranoside and 2-Oxopomolic Acid Derived from Malus domestica on Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184352. [PMID: 32972033 PMCID: PMC7576482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and triterpenoids were revealed to be the potential inhibitors on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The aim of this study is to reveal sEH inhibitors from Fuji apples. A flavonoid and three triterpenoids derived from the fruit of Malus domestica were identified as quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (1), ursolic acid (2), corosolic acid (3), and 2-oxopomolic acid (4). They had half-maximal inhibitory concentration of the inhibitors (IC50) values of 39.3 ± 3.4, 84.5 ± 9.5, 51.3 ± 4.9, and 11.4 ± 2.7 μM, respectively, on sEH. The inhibitors bound to allosteric sites of enzymes in mixed (1) and noncompetitive modes (2–4). Molecular simulations were carried out for inhibitors 1 and 4 to calculate the binding force of ligands to receptors. The inhibitors bound to the left (1) and right (4) pockets next to the enzyme’s active site. Based on analyses of their molecular docking and dynamics, it was shown that inhibitors 1 and 4 can stably bind sEH at 1 bar and 300 K. Finally, inhibitors 1 and 4 are promising candidates for further studies using cell-based assays and in vivo cardiovascular tests.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao D, Le Ba V, Rustam R, Cho CW, Yang SY, Su XD, Kim YH, Kang JS. Isolation of bioactive components with soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory activity from Stachys sieboldii MiQ. by ultrasonic-assisted extraction optimized using response surface methodology. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:395-404. [PMID: 32940554 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1821217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stachys sieboldii MiQ (SSM) is an important food and medicinal herb in Korea, used to improve memory of patients with senile dementia and cardiovascular diseases. However, little information on bioactive components from SSM or standardized extraction methods for these components is available. This study isolated and purified major components from SSM for the first time, and assessed their ability to inhibit soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The results showed that acteoside is the most potent inhibitor of sEH, with an IC50 of 33.5 ± 0.5 μM. Additional active components, including harpagide, tryptophan, and 8-acetate-harpagide, along with acteoside, were tentatively identified using high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS) and quantified using an ultraviolet detector at 210 nm. Further, an ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique for extraction of four bioactive compounds in SSM was developed and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were: extraction time, 30.46 minutes; extraction temperature, 67.95 °C, and methanol concentration 53.85%. The prediction model of RSM was validated with laboratory experiments. The similarity between predicted and actual values was 97.84%. The extraction method is thus a rapid, environment-friendly, energy-saving method can be applied to extract bioactive components from SSM in large quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Vinh Le Ba
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rustamov Rustam
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chong Woon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Xiang Dong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vinh LB, Nguyet NTM, Ye L, Dan G, Phong NV, Anh HLT, Kim YH, Kang JS, Yang SY, Hwang I. Enhancement of an In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oleanolic Acid through Glycosylation Occurring Naturally in Stauntonia hexaphylla. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163699. [PMID: 32823787 PMCID: PMC7464308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stauntonia hexaphylla (Lardizabalaceae) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Korea and China for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. As part of a bioprospecting program aimed at the discovery of new bioactive compounds from Korean medicinal plants, a phytochemical study of S. hexaphylla leaves was carried out leading to isolation of two oleanane-type triterpene saponins, 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl] oleanolic acid-28-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl] ester (1) and 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid-28-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl] ester (2). Their structures were established unambiguously by spectroscopic methods such as one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical reactions. Their anti-inflammatory activities were examined for the first time with an animal model for the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response as well as a cell-based assay using an established macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) in vitro. Together, it was concluded that the saponin constituents, when they were orally administered, exerted much more potent activities in vivo than their sapogenin core even though both the saponins and the sapogenin molecule inhibited the RAW 264.7 cell activation comparably well in vitro. These results imply that saponins from S. hexaphylla leaves have a definite advantage in the development of oral medications for the control of inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Ba Vinh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.B.V.); (N.T.M.N.); (L.Y.); (G.D.); (Y.H.K.); (J.S.K.)
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.B.V.); (N.T.M.N.); (L.Y.); (G.D.); (Y.H.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Liu Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.B.V.); (N.T.M.N.); (L.Y.); (G.D.); (Y.H.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Gao Dan
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.B.V.); (N.T.M.N.); (L.Y.); (G.D.); (Y.H.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam;
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.B.V.); (N.T.M.N.); (L.Y.); (G.D.); (Y.H.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.B.V.); (N.T.M.N.); (L.Y.); (G.D.); (Y.H.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.B.V.); (N.T.M.N.); (L.Y.); (G.D.); (Y.H.K.); (J.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.Y.); (I.H.); Tel.: +82-42-821-7321 (S.Y.Y.); +82-42-821-5922 (I.H.)
| | - Inkyu Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (L.B.V.); (N.T.M.N.); (L.Y.); (G.D.); (Y.H.K.); (J.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.Y.); (I.H.); Tel.: +82-42-821-7321 (S.Y.Y.); +82-42-821-5922 (I.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim JH, Jin CH. Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoids, Chrysoeriol and Luteolin-7- O-Glucopyranoside, on Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase from Capsicum chinense. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E180. [PMID: 31991570 PMCID: PMC7072517 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
: Three flavonoids derived from the leaves of Capsicum chinense Jacq. were identified as chrysoeriol (1), luteolin-7-O-glucopyranoside (2), and isorhamnetin-7-O-glucopyranoside (3). They had IC50 values of 11.6±2.9, 14.4±1.5, and 42.7±3.5 µg/mL against soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), respectively. The three inhibitors (1-3) were found to non-competitively bind into the allosteric site of the enzyme with Ki values of 10.5±3.2, 11.9 ±2.8 and 38.0±4.1 µg/mL, respectively. The potential inhibitors 1 and 2 were located at the left edge ofa U-tube shape that contained the enzyme active site. Additionally, we observed changes in several factors involved in the binding of these complexes under 300 K and 1 bar. Finally, it was confirmed that each inhibitor, 1 and 2, could be complexed with sEH by the "induced fit" and "lock-and-key" models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hoon Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Jin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea
| |
Collapse
|