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More NE, Mandlik R, Zine S, Gawali VS, Godad AP. Exploring the therapeutic opportunities of potassium channels for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1286069. [PMID: 38783950 PMCID: PMC11111972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1286069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the synovial joint, which leads to inflammation, loss of function, joint destruction, and disability. The disease biology of RA involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors and is strongly associated with various immune cells, and each of the cell types contributes differently to disease pathogenesis. Several immunomodulatory molecules, such as cytokines, are secreted from the immune cells and intervene in the pathogenesis of RA. In immune cells, membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Ion channels control the membrane potential and effector functions such as cytotoxic activity. Moreover, clinical studies investigating patients with mutations and alterations in ion channels and transporters revealed their importance in effective immune responses. Recent studies have shown that voltage-gated potassium channels and calcium-activated potassium channels and their subtypes are involved in the regulation of immune cells and RA. Due to the role of these channels in the pathogenesis of RA and from multiple pieces of clinical evidence, they can be considered therapeutic targets for the treatment of RA. Here, we describe the role of voltage-gated and calcium-activated potassium channels and their subtypes in RA and their pharmacological application as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Mandlik
- Medical Affairs, Shalina Healthcare DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandip Zine
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Angel Pavalu Godad
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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2
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Lee D, Hong JH. Multiple-Factors-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocyte Activation Is Attenuated by the α2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Dexmedetomidine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10756. [PMID: 37445932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has analgesic and sedative properties and anti-inflammatory functions. Although the effects of Dex on arthritis have been revealed, the physiological mechanism underlying the interaction between Dex and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-mediated inflammatory cytokines has not been fully studied. Inflamed and migrated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are involved in RA severity. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of Dex on RA-FLSs treated with inflammatory cytokines and a growth factor as multiple stimulating inputs. TNF-α, IL-6, and EGF as multiple stimulating inputs increased the cAMP concentration of RA-FLSs, while Dex treatment reduced cAMP concentration. Dex reduced electroneutral sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCn1) expression, NBC activity, and subsequent RA-FLS migration. The mRNA expression levels of RA-related factors, such as inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis factors, were enhanced by multiple-input treatment. Notably, Dex effectively reduced these expression levels in RA-FLSs. These results indicate that multiple inflammatory or stimulating inputs enhance RA-FLS migration, and treatment with Dex relieves activated RA-FLSs, suggesting that Dex is a potential therapeutic drug for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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3
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Berrino E, Micheli L, Carradori S, di Cesare Mannelli L, Guglielmi P, De Luca A, Carta F, Ghelardini C, Secci D, Supuran CT. Novel Insights on CAI-CORM Hybrids: Evaluation of the CO Releasing Properties and Pain-Relieving Activity of Differently Substituted Coumarins for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1892-1908. [PMID: 36701258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pain control is among the most important healthcare services in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the current therapeutic options (i.e., disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) are limited by the risk of the side effects. In this context, we proposed an innovative approach based on the hybridization between carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and CO releasing molecules (CORMs). The resulting CAI-CORM hybrids were revealed to possess strong anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro models of diseases and to relieve ache symptoms in an in vivo RA rat model. In this work, we have deepened the study of these promising hybrids, designing a library of coumarin-based compounds, also including internal dicobalt hexacarbonyl systems. The results obtained from the CO releasing study, the CA inhibitory activity, and the in vivo pain-relief efficacy evaluation in the RA rat model confirmed the success of this strategy, allowing us to consider CAI-CORM hybrids promising anti-nociceptive agents against arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy.,Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy
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4
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Beltrán-Noboa A, Proaño-Ojeda J, Guevara M, Gallo B, Berrueta LA, Giampieri F, Perez-Castillo Y, Battino M, Álvarez-Suarez JM, Tejera E. Metabolomic profile and computational analysis for the identification of the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of the traditional medicinal plants Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113039. [PMID: 35461962 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum are two basil species widely used medicinally as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cardioprotective agent. This study focuses on the chemical characterization of the majoritarian compounds of both species and their anti-inflammatory potential. Up to 22 compounds such as various types of salvianolic acids, derivatives of rosmaniric acid and flavones were identified in both plants. The identified compounds were very similar between both plants and are consistent with previous finding in other studies in Portugal and Italy. Based on the identified molecules a consensus target prediction was carried out. Among the main predicted target proteins, we found a high representation of the carbonic anhydrase family (CA2, CA7 and CA12) and several key proteins from the arachidonic pathway (LOX5, PLA2, COX1 and COX2). Both pathways are well related to inflammation. The interaction between the compounds and these targets were explored through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Our results suggest that some molecules present in both plants can induce an anti-inflammatory response through a non-steroidal mechanism of action connected to the carbon dioxide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beltrán-Noboa
- Grupo de Bioquimioinformática. Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - John Proaño-Ojeda
- Grupo de Bioquimioinformática. Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas. Carrera de Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mabel Guevara
- Grupo de Bioquimioinformática. Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles. Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Blanca Gallo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis A Berrueta
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Grupo de Bioquimioinformática. Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - José M Álvarez-Suarez
- Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Grupo de Bioquimioinformática. Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas. Carrera de Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
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5
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Cutliffe AL, McKenna SL, Chandrashekar DS, Ng A, Devonshire G, Fitzgerald RC, O’Donovan TR, Mackrill JJ. Alterations in the Ca2+ toolkit in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:543-575. [PMID: 36046118 PMCID: PMC9400700 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate alterations in transcription of genes, encoding Ca2+ toolkit proteins, in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and to assess associations between gene expression, tumor grade, nodal-metastatic stage, and patient survival. Methods: The expression of 275 transcripts, encoding components of the Ca2+ toolkit, was analyzed in two OAC datasets: the Cancer Genome Atlas [via the University of Alabama Cancer (UALCAN) portal] and the oesophageal-cancer, clinical, and molecular stratification [Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification (OCCAMS)] dataset. Effects of differential expression of these genes on patient survival were determined using Kaplan-Meier log-rank tests. OAC grade- and metastatic-stage status was investigated for a subset of genes. Adjustment for the multiplicity of testing was made throughout. Results: Of the 275 Ca2+-toolkit genes analyzed, 75 displayed consistent changes in expression between OAC and normal tissue in both datasets. The channel-encoding genes, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2D (GRIN2D), transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel classical or canonical 4 (TRPC4), and TRP ion channel melastatin 2 (TRPM2) demonstrated the greatest increase in expression in OAC in both datasets. Nine genes were consistently upregulated in both datasets and were also associated with improved survival outcomes. The 6 top-ranking genes for the weighted significance of altered expression and survival outcomes were selected for further analysis: voltage-gated Ca2+ channel subunit α 1D (CACNA1D), voltage-gated Ca2+ channel auxiliary subunit α2 δ4 (CACNA2D4), junctophilin 1 (JPH1), acid-sensing ion channel 4 (ACCN4), TRPM5, and secretory pathway Ca2+ ATPase 2 (ATP2C2). CACNA1D, JPH1, and ATP2C2 were also upregulated in advanced OAC tumor grades and nodal-metastatic stages in both datasets. Conclusions: This study has unveiled alterations of the Ca2+ toolkit in OAC, compared to normal tissue. Such Ca2+ signalling findings are consistent with those from studies on other cancers. Genes that were consistently upregulated in both datasets might represent useful markers for patient diagnosis. Genes that were consistently upregulated, and which were associated with improved survival, might be useful markers for patient outcome. These survival-associated genes may also represent targets for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana L. Cutliffe
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, BioSciences Institute, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharon L. McKenna
- Cancer Research, UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Darshan S. Chandrashekar
- Department of Pathology, Molecular & Cellular, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Alvin Ng
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracey R. O’Donovan
- Cancer Research, UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - John J. Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, BioSciences Institute, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
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6
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Buran K, Reis R, Sipahi H, Önen Bayram FE. Piperazine and piperidine-substituted 7-hydroxy coumarins for the development of anti-inflammatory agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000354. [PMID: 33749005 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), derivatives that can be isolated from several plants, have been reported for their anticoagulant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or anticancer activity. Some of these structures are currently approved for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as antibiotics or as an anticancer drug. Given the great potential of this structure and the limited number of studies that focus on molecules derived from carbon 8 of the benzopyranone heterocycle, we synthesized in this project 38 coumarin derivatives by substituting carbon 8 of the benzopyran ring with some aromatic and aliphatically substituted piperidines and piperazines. As a few of these structures were already shown to exhibit some carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition and as CA enzymes are reported to be closely related to inflammation, the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The results indicated that compounds 20 and 31 revealed promising anti-inflammatory activity, as they demonstrated better activity than the reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Buran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rengin Reis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Esra Önen Bayram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Dual Acting Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Differentially Modulate Inflammation in Human Tenocytes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020141. [PMID: 33535611 PMCID: PMC7912830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported as the major factors responsible for the failure of tendon healing during rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and rotator cuff disease (RCD). Although, their therapeutic management remains still challenging. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are involved in many pathological conditions, and the overexpression of both CA9 and 12 in inflamed joints has been recently reported. Consequently, a selective CA9/12 inhibition could be a feasible strategy for improving tendon recovery after injury. In addition, since carbon monoxide (CO) has been proven to have an important role in modulating inflammation, CO releasing molecules (CORMs) can be also potentially suitable compounds. The present study aims at evaluating five newly synthesized dual-mode acting CA inhibitors (CAIs)-CORMs compounds, belonging to two chemical scaffolds, on tendon-derived human primary cells under H2O2 stimulation in comparison with Meloxicam. Our results show that compounds 2 and 7 are the most promising of the series in counteracting oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and display a better profile in terms of enhanced viability, decreased LDH release, and augmented tenocyte proliferation compared to Meloxicam. Moreover, compound 7, as a potent superoxide scavenger, exerts its action inhibiting NF-ĸB translocation and downregulating iNOS, whereas compound 2 is more effective in increasing collagen I deposition. Taken together, our data highlight a potential role of CA in RCTs and RCD and the prospective effectiveness of compounds acting as CAI-CORM during inflammation.
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Vanden Eynde JJ, Mangoni AA, Rautio J, Leprince J, Azuma YT, García-Sosa AT, Hulme C, Jampilek J, Karaman R, Li W, Gomes PAC, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Capasso R, Geronikaki A, Cerchia L, Sabatier JM, Ragno R, Tuccinardi T, Trabocchi A, Winum JY, Luque FJ, Prokai-Tatrai K, Spetea M, Gütschow M, Kosalec I, Guillou C, Vasconcelos MH, Kokotos G, Rastelli G, de Sousa ME, Manera C, Gemma S, Mangani S, Siciliano C, Galdiero S, Liu H, Scott PJH, de los Ríos C, Agrofoglio LA, Collina S, Guedes RC, Muñoz-Torrero D. Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes-6. Molecules 2019; 25:E119. [PMID: 31905602 PMCID: PMC6983133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes is a series of Editorials that is published on a biannual basis by the Editorial Board of the Medicinal Chemistry section of the journal Molecules [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde
- Formerly head of the Department of Organic Chemistry (FS), University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park 5042, Adelaide, Australia;
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France;
- UNIROUEN, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 1-58 Rinku-ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | | | - Christopher Hulme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Biological Sciences West Room 351, 1041 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viadell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Paula A. C. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.H.-L.) (A.G.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.H.-L.) (A.G.)
| | - Laura Cerchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, UMR 7051, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 51, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, 13344-Marseille CEDEX 15, France;
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), École nationale supérieure de chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 05, 34296 Montpellier, France;
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain;
| | - Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Unversité de Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group-IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - George Kokotos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Maria Emília de Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências, Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Mangani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luigi A. Agrofoglio
- ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, Université d’Orleans, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orleans CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- iMed.Ulisboa and Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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