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Bendi A, Taruna, Rajni, Kataria S, Singh L, Kennedy JF, Supuran CT, Raghav N. Chemistry of heterocycles as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: A pathway to novel research in medicinal chemistry review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400073. [PMID: 38683875 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the scientific community has focused on dealing with different kinds of diseases by exploring the chemistry of various heterocycles as novel drugs. In this connection, medicinal chemists identified carbonic anhydrases (CA) as one of the biologically active targets for curing various diseases. The widespread distribution of these enzymes and the high degree of homology shared by the different isoforms offer substantial challenges to discovering potential drugs. Medicinal and synthetic organic chemists have been continuously involved in developing CA inhibitors. This review explored the chemistry of different heterocycles as CA inhibitors using the last 11 years of published research work. It provides a pathway for young researchers to further explore the chemistry of a variety of synthetic as well as natural heterocycles as CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Bendi
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Taruna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sweety Kataria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Lakhwinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Neutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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2
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Balašova A, Pustenko A, Nocentini A, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. Aryl derivatives of 3 H-1,2-benzoxaphosphepine 2-oxides as inhibitors of cancer-related carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2249267. [PMID: 37655449 PMCID: PMC10478600 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2249267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A range of 3H-1,2-benzoxaphosphepine 2-oxide aryl derivatives with various substitution patterns at positions 7, 8, or 9 of the scaffold was synthesised in five steps from the commercially available salicylaldehydes. All of the newly obtained compounds were studied for their inhibition potency against carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms I, II, IX, and XII. Delightfully, these compounds showed a striking selectivity for the cancer-associated CA IX and XII over the cytosolic CA I and II, whose inhibition may lead to side-effects. Overall, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that 7- and 8-substituted aryl derivatives were more effective inhibitors of CA IX and XII than 9-substituted derivatives. In addition, the fluorine-containing analogues emerged as the most potent CA IX/XII inhibitors in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasija Balašova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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3
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Pustenko A, Balašova A, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. 3 H-1,2-Benzoxaphosphepine 2-oxides as selective inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase IX and XII. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:216-224. [PMID: 36377338 PMCID: PMC9668280 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2143496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 3H-1,2-benzoxaphosphepine 2-oxides and evaluation of their inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX, and XII are described. The target compounds were obtained via a concise synthesis from commercial salicylaldehydes and displayed low to sub-micromolar inhibition levels against the tumour-associated isoforms hCA IX and XII. All obtained benzoxaphosphepine 2-oxides possess remarkable selectivity for inhibition of hCA IX/XII over the off-target cytosolic hCA isoforms I and II, whose inhibition may lead to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasija Balašova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Ivanova J, Abdoli M, Nocentini A, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. Derivatives of 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxide as selective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases IX and XII over the cytosolic isoforms I and II. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2170370. [PMID: 36718988 PMCID: PMC9891166 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2170370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxides with various substituents in 5, 6 or 7 positions was obtained from corresponding 2'-hydroxyacetophenones in their reaction with sulphamoyl chloride. 6- and 7-aryl substituted 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxides were obtained from aryl substituted 2'-hydroxyacetophenonesprepared from 4- or 5-bromo-2'-hydroxyacetophenones via two-step protocol. 4-Methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxides were investigated as inhibitors of four human (h) carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, off-target cytosolic hCA I and II, and target transmembrane, tumour-associated hCA IX and XII. Twenty derivatives of 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxide were obtained. With one exception (compound2a), they mostly act as nanomolar inhibitors of target hCA IX and XII. Basically, all screened compounds express none or low inhibitory properties towards off-target hCA I. hCA II is inhibited in micromolar range. Overwhelming majority of 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxides express excellent selectivity towards CA IX/XII over hCA I as well as very good selectivity towards CA IX/XII over hCA II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Abdoli
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Abdoli M, Bonardi A, Paoletti N, Aspatwar A, Parkkila S, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. Inhibition Studies on Human and Mycobacterial Carbonic Anhydrases with N-((4-Sulfamoylphenyl)carbamothioyl) Amides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104020. [PMID: 37241761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of structurally diverse N-((4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamothioyl) amides was synthesized by selective acylation of easily accessible 4-thioureidobenzenesulfonamide with various aliphatic, benzylic, vinylic and aromatic acyl chlorides under mild conditions. Inhibition of three α-class cytosolic human (h) carbonic anhydrases (CAs) (EC 4.2.1.1); that is, hCA I, hCA II and hCA VII and three bacterial β-CAs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtCA1-MtCA3) with these sulfonamides was thereafter investigated in vitro and in silico. Many of the evaluated compounds displayed better inhibition against hCA I (KI = 13.3-87.6 nM), hCA II (KI = 5.3-384.3 nM), and hCA VII (KI = 1.1-13.5 nM) compared with acetazolamide (AAZ) as the control drug (KI values of 250, 12.5 and 2.5 nM, respectively, against hCA I, hCA II and hCA VII). The mycobacterial enzymes MtCA1 and MtCA2 were also effectively inhibited by these compounds. MtCA3 was, on the other hand, poorly inhibited by the sulfonamides reported here. The most sensitive mycobacterial enzyme to these inhibitors was MtCA2 in which 10 of the 12 evaluated compounds showed KIs (KI, the inhibitor constant) in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Neurofarba Department, Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Paoletti
- Neurofarba Department, Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
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6
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Ivanova J, Abdoli M, Nocentini A, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. 1,2,3-Benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxides – effective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:225-238. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2142787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Abdoli
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Benzenesulfonamides Incorporating Hydantoin Moieties Effectively Inhibit Eukaryoticand Human Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214115. [PMID: 36430592 PMCID: PMC9696710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1-(4-benzenesulfonamide)-3-alkyl/benzyl-hydantoin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the inhibition of eukaryotic and human carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). The prepared compounds were screened for their hCA inhibitory activities against three cytosolic isoforms as well as two β-CAs from fungal pathogens. The best inhibition was observed against hCA II and VII as well as Candida glabrata enzyme CgNce103. hCA I and Malassezia globosa MgCA enzymes were, on the other hand, less effectively inhibited by these compounds. The inhibitory potency of these compounds against CAs was found to be dependent on the electronic and steric effects of substituent groups on the N3-position of the hydantoin ring, which included alkyl, alkenyl and substituted benzyl moieties. The interesting results against CgNce103 make the compounds of interest for investigations in vivo as potential antifungals.
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A decade of tail-approach based design of selective as well as potent tumor associated carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Giovannuzzi S, Capasso C, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Continued Structural Exploration of Sulfocoumarin as Selective Inhibitor of Tumor-Associated Human Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134076. [PMID: 35807318 PMCID: PMC9267968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new 3- and 7-substituted sulfocoumarins was obtained by several cyclization reactions and subsequent derivatization for screening as prodrug inhibitors of the human (h) cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII. All products were ineffective inhibitors against the off-target hCA I and II, whilst hCAs IX and XII were inhibited with inhibition constants (KIs) spanning from low nanomolar to the high micromolar range, according to the sulfocoumarin derivatization pattern. In particular, sulfocoumarin 15 turned out to be the most potent and selective inhibitor herein reported (hCA I and II: KI > 100 µM; hCA IX: KI = 22.9 nM; hCA XII: KI = 19.2 nM). Considering that hCA IX and XII validated anti-tumor targets, such prodrug, isoform-selective inhibitors as the sulfocoumarins reported here may be useful for identifying suitable drug candidates for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
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Abdoli M, Giovannuzzi S, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. 4-(3-Alkyl/benzyl-guanidino)benzenesulfonamides as selective carbonic anhydrase VII inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1568-1576. [PMID: 35635139 PMCID: PMC9154774 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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Kciuk M, Gielecińska A, Mujwar S, Mojzych M, Marciniak B, Drozda R, Kontek R. Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX and XII isoforms with small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1278-1298. [PMID: 35506234 PMCID: PMC9090362 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2052868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases IX and CAXII (CAIX/CAXII) are transmembrane zinc metalloproteins that catalyze a very basic but crucial physiological reaction: the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate with a release of the proton. CA, especially CAIX and CAXII isoforms gained the attention of many researchers interested in anticancer drug design due to pivotal functions of enzymes in the cancer cell metastasis and response to hypoxia, and their expression restricted to malignant cells. This offers an opportunity to develop new targeted therapies with fewer side effects. Continuous efforts led to the discovery of a series of diverse compounds with the most abundant sulphonamide derivatives. Here we review current knowledge considering small molecule and antibody-based targeting of CAIX/CAXII in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Beata Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Drozda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Wl. Bieganski Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Grandāne A, Nocentini A, Domračeva I, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. Development of oxathiino[6,5-b]pyridine 2,2-dioxide derivatives as selective inhibitors of tumor-related carbonic anhydrases IX and XII. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112300. [PMID: 32460112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxathiino[6,5-b]pyridine 2,2-dioxides are identified as a new class of isoform-selective nanomolar inhibitors of tumor associated human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) IX and XII. At the same time they do not inhibit or poorly inhibit cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II. Oxathiino[6,5-b]pyridine 2,2-dioxides exhibited good antiproliferative properties on tumor cell lines MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (human lung (alveolar) adenocarcinoma) and HeLa (epithelioid cervix carcinoma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiga Grandāne
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Ilona Domračeva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia; Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3/7 Paula Valdena Str., Riga, 1048, Latvia.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
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