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Zhang S, Sado N, Fujii N. Adjustment of segmental rotations to achieve both racket speed and accuracy at various impact heights during a two-handed backhand stroke. Sports Biomech 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39118404 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2388562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of impact height and competitive level on racket speed and stroke accuracy by analysing segmental angular kinematics under a random ball condition. High- (HQ, n = 7) and low-quality (LQ, n = 7) groups were determined by k-means clustering of the ratio of ball landing in the target (accuracy) and racket speed decrease. HQ showed higher accuracy (48.3% vs. 32.4%), less speed decrease at lower impact heights (-4.4% vs. -10.3%) and better competitive level ranking [median (1st-3rd quartiles); 4 (2-7)] than LQ [10 (8-13)]. HQ produced greater racket speed (24.4 vs. 21.6 m/s), especially with a notable horizontal velocity (23.8 vs. 20.8 m/s) of the racket at lower impact height, which was attributed to the central role of greater angular velocity of pelvis and thorax in the hitting direction. Both groups showed similar adjustment mechanisms that due to the decrease in angular velocity of pelvis, players increased the relative rotation angle between pelvis and thorax to maintain angular velocity of thorax when transitioning from low to high impact heights. Our findings suggest that players should emphasise the coordination between pelvic and thoracic rotations according to impact heights to maintain racket speed while controlling ball landing position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Zhang
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Natsuki Sado
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fujii
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Israel JS, Loushin SR, Tetzloff SU, Ellenbecker T, Kaufman KR, Kakar S. Wrist Motion Assessment in Tennis Players using Three-Dimensional Motion Capture and Dynamic Electromyography. J Wrist Surg 2024; 13:264-271. [PMID: 38808185 PMCID: PMC11129886 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Tennis players often present with ulnar-sided wrist pain, which may reflect repetitive stress and/or faulty mechanics. There is a role for investigating the biomechanics of tennis strokes and how they may relate to wrist pathology. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether three-dimensional motion capture technology and dynamic electromyography (EMG), when used to study groundstrokes in elite junior tennis players, reveals patterns of upper extremity motion that may correlate with the development of clinically relevant pathology. Case Description Three-dimensional kinematic and EMG data were collected from two United States Tennis Association-ranked adolescent tennis players during groundstrokes. There were several observed differences in the two players' degree and timing of pronation/supination, ulnar/radial deviation, and flexion/extension during their strokes. Clinical Significance Advanced motion capture technology facilitates a nuanced understanding of complex movements involved in groundstroke production. This methodology may be useful for identifying athletes who are at risk for injury and guiding rehabilitation for players experiencing pain. Level of Evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S. Israel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stacy R. Loushin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Motion Analysis Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sabine U. Tetzloff
- Racquet Sports Department, Rochester Athletic Club, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Todd Ellenbecker
- Rehab Plus Sports Therapy Scottsdale, ATP Tour, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Kenton R. Kaufman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Motion Analysis Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Dellai J, Gilles MA, Remy O, Claudon L, Dietrich G. Development and Evaluation of a Hybrid Measurement System to Determine the Kinematics of the Wrist. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2543. [PMID: 38676160 PMCID: PMC11053611 DOI: 10.3390/s24082543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Optical Motion Capture Systems (OMCSs) are considered the gold standard for kinematic measurement of human movements. However, in situations such as measuring wrist kinematics during a hairdressing activity, markers can be obscured, resulting in a loss of data. Other measurement methods based on non-optical data can be considered, such as magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMUs). Their accuracy is generally lower than that of an OMCS. In this context, it may be worth considering a hybrid system [MIMU + OMCS] to take advantage of OMCS accuracy while limiting occultation problems. The aim of this work was (1) to propose a methodology for coupling a low-cost MIMU (BNO055) to an OMCS in order to evaluate wrist kinematics, and then (2) to evaluate the accuracy of this hybrid system [MIMU + OMCS] during a simple hairdressing gesture. During hair cutting gestures, the root mean square error compared with the OMCS was 4.53° (1.45°) for flexion/extension, 5.07° (1.30°) for adduction/abduction, and 3.65° (1.19°) for pronation/supination. During combing gestures, they were significantly higher, but remained below 10°. In conclusion, this system allows for maintaining wrist kinematics in case of the loss of hand markers while preserving an acceptable level of precision (<10°) for ergonomic measurement or entertainment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dellai
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (M.A.G.); (O.R.); (L.C.)
- Institut des Sciences du Sport Santé de Paris (URP 3625), Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Martine A. Gilles
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (M.A.G.); (O.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Olivier Remy
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (M.A.G.); (O.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Laurent Claudon
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (M.A.G.); (O.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- Institut des Sciences du Sport Santé de Paris (URP 3625), Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France;
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Arrigoni P, Cucchi D, Beltrame G, Ribolzi R, Ceccarelli C, Zaolino C, Ellenbecker T, Randelli PS. A low carrying angle is measured in elite tennis players just before ball impact during the forehand, suggesting a dynamic varus instant accommodation moving towards full extension. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:29-36. [PMID: 38226669 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to use image analysis recordings to measure the carrying angle of elite male tennis players during the forehand stroke, with the hypothesis that elite tennis players overstress their elbow in valgus over the physiological degree in the frontal plane just before ball contact on forehand groundstrokes. METHODS The carrying angle of male tennis players ranked in the top 25 positions in the ATP ranking was measured on selected video frames with the elbow as close as possible to full extension just before the ball-racket contact in forehands. These frames were extracted from 306 videos professionally recorded for training purposes by a high-profile video analyst. All measures were conducted by three independent observers. RESULTS Sixteen frames were finally included. The mean carrying angle was 11.5° ± 4.7°. The intraclass correlation coefficient value was 0.703, showing good reliability of the measurement technique. The measured carrying angle was lower than what has been observed in historical cohorts using comparable measurement methodology, suggesting a possible instant varus accommodation mechanism before hitting the ball. CONCLUSIONS The observed decrease in the carrying angle is a consequence of an increase in elbow flexion position dictated by the transition from a closed to open, semi-open stances. As the elbow flexes during the preparation phase, it is less constrained by the olecranon and its fossa, increasing the strain on the medial collateral ligament and capsule structures. Moving towards full extension before the ball-racket contact, the elbow is dynamically stabilised by a contraction of the flexor muscles. These observations could provide a new explanation for medial elbow injuries among elite tennis players and drive specific rehabilitation protocols. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Arrigoni
- Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cucchi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Giulia Beltrame
- Scuola Di Specializzazione in Ortopedia e Traumatologia Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Romeo Ribolzi
- Scuola Di Specializzazione in Ortopedia e Traumatologia Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Zaolino
- Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Todd Ellenbecker
- Medical Services, ATP Tour, Ponte Vedra Beach, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Rehab Plus Sports Therapy Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Pietro S Randelli
- Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases (RECAP-RD), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Busuttil NA, Roberts AH, Dunn M, Connolly M, Middleton KJ. The use of physically constraining tools for grip-specific skill development in racket, stick and club sports: A scoping review. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:788-795. [PMID: 37537860 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2240176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Coaches use physically constraining tools to supplement their coaching when developing sport-specific skills, however, their effectiveness is unknown. This scoping review aimed to understand the efficacy of physically constraining tools used in racket, stick, and club sports for grip-specific skill development. This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed research, including quasi-experimental, true-experimental, case studies, and grey literature were considered. Peer-reviewed sources were searched on Web of Science, Medline, and SPORTDiscus until October 6th, 2022. Exclusion criteria were (1) not original peer-reviewed research; (2) disabled participants or used for rehabilitation; or (3) not available in English. Data extracted were the type of tool, research foci, measures, and outcomes of the tool's efficacy. Zero peer-reviewed sources were identified on the efficacy of using physically constraining tools for grip-specific skill development. Common trends identified from the excluded sources were explored to provide a basis for the importance of using physically constraining tools for grip-specific skill development. Many tools are used in coaching despite their unclear efficacy, however, the current results can guide future work to assess the acute and longitudinal effects of using these tools, specifically within the development and performance of sport-specific skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Busuttil
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra H Roberts
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marcus Dunn
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Molly Connolly
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kane J Middleton
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Tai ML, Yang CJ, Tang WT, Elliott B, Chang KL. Upper Extremity Muscle Activation during Drive Volley and Groundstroke for Two-Handed Backhand of Female Tennis Players. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:586-594. [PMID: 36523890 PMCID: PMC9741720 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Drive volley is one of the essential backhand stroke technique trends seen in recent women's tennis competitions. Although movements of the drive volley and groundstroke are similar, activation of the internal muscles vary due to different incoming ball conditions. Most previous studies only focused on the groundstroke, however. The current study investigates the different muscle activation patterns in the upper extremity muscle during the two-handed backhand drive volley as well as the groundstroke for female tennis players. Ten elite female tennis players were measured in the muscle activation of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii (TB) from both upper extremities. Racket-head speed at impact, swing duration of each phase, and racket-head average velocity in both strokes were also recorded. Significant differences were found between the drive volley and groundstroke in the velocity profile of racket tip, swing duration of each phase (preparation, early follow-through, and late follow-through), activation patterns of upper extremity muscles, and flexor/ extensor ratios of wrist and elbow in both upper extremities. Different racket trajectory strategies were also observed between the two strokes, with greater horizontal racket velocity recorded in the groundstroke but greater vertical velocity in the drive volley. ECR and TB muscle activation during the drive volley preparation phase was greater than the groundstroke when completing a quicker backswing. In the early acceleration phase, the greater FCR leading arm activation in the drive volley assisted wrist stabilization in preparation for impact. In the late follow-through phase, less TB leading arm activity and higher ECR trailing arm activity in the drive volley showed more forward compression movement in racket contact with the ball. As it is essential for the drive volley to complete a quicker backswing and to increase shot efficiency at the end of the forward movement, coaches should consider the two strokes' muscle activation and technique differences to enhance specific techniques and fitness training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Lin Tai
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Yang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tzu Tang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), Taoyuan, Taiwan, Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sports University, No 250, Wenhua 1st Rd, Guishan, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Elliott
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kai-Lung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), Taoyuan, Taiwan, Associate professor, Office of Physical Education, National Chengchi University (NCCU), Taipei, Taiwan
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Busuttil NA, Connolly M, Roberts AH, Reid M, Dascombe BJ, Middleton KJ. Grip position affects upper limb kinematic chain during tennis double-handed backhand topspin strokes: considerations for transitioning tennis grip position technique. Sports Biomech 2022:1-20. [PMID: 35730365 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the upper limb kinematic chain of tennis players using either an eastern or continental non-dominant grip position during the forward swing of the double-handed backhand stroke. Sixteen right-handed tennis players performed backhands using two non-dominant grip positions (eastern and continental), aiming for two cross-court zones (deep and short). Trajectory data were captured using sixty reflective markers attached to the upper limb and racket using a 12-camera Vicon motion capture system (250 Hz). Peak angular velocity was significantly greater for multiple joint rotations at the dominant shoulder and entire non-dominant limb in the eastern grip. Subsequently, greater peak racket head angular velocity and post-impact ball speed were generated by the eastern grip, while shot accuracy was similar between grip types. There was delayed dominant shoulder peak adduction angular velocity for the continental grip, possibly due to a lack of skill familiarity causing changes in coordinative patterns. Collectively, the non-dominant grip position appears to influence proximal and distal upper limb movement. Future research should explore upper limb segment coordination comparing preferred and non-preferred double-handed backhand techniques and complete inter-disciplinary investigations to understand what grip positions are most effective for individuals to learn double-handed backhands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Busuttil
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Molly Connolly
- Game Insight Group, Tennis Australia, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra H Roberts
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Machar Reid
- Game Insight Group, Tennis Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben J Dascombe
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Kane J Middleton
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Upper Extremity Kinematics and Electromyographic Activity in Uninjured Tennis Players. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increase in ulnar-sided wrist pain among tennis players. The purpose of this study was to establish a normative dataset of kinematic and electromyography (EMG) data during the forehand and two-handed backhand groundstrokes. In total, 20 adolescent United States Tennis Association (USTA) ranked tennis players (11/20 Male, Age = 15.0 ± 1.8 years, Height = 1.7 ± 1.1 m, BMI = 21.3 ± 3.4 kg/m2, 18/20 right-arm dominant) participated in this study. Kinematics (range of motion and angular velocity) and EMG data were simultaneously acquired during the forehand and two-handed backhand groundstrokes. Minimal differences were found between groupings of age, sex, and USTA ranking. The two-handed backhand groundstroke is characterized by bilaterally flexed elbows and ulnarly deviated wrists, with a flexed wrist and pronated forearm on the non-dominant side and an extended wrist and supinated forearm on the dominant side. EMG activation occurs bilaterally by peak backswing. The forehand groundstroke is characterized by a flexed elbow, pronated forearm, and ulnarly deviated and extended wrist. The wrist is at maximum ulnar deviation at ball impact. This study established an initial foundation for normative data for the forehand and two-handed backhand groundstrokes, which can be used for injury detection, rehabilitation, prevention, and ultimately performance improvement of tennis athletes.
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Maleki-Ghahfarokhi A, Azghani MR, Dianat I. Effects of handle characteristics of manual hand tools on maximal torque exertions: a literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:1387-1402. [PMID: 33641605 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1896139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to review the literature on the effects of handle characteristics of manual hand tools including handle diameter, shape and material on forearm supination/pronation, wrist flexion/extension and wrist ulnar/radial deviation torque strengths to assist ergonomists and designers in developing guidelines to improve workstations and hand tool designs. Twenty-seven papers meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The study provides different points that can be applied to improve the design of hand tools with an emphasis on handle diameter, shape and material, and highlights various methodological issues including interactions among variables affecting maximum torque strength, posture, torque exertion using one or two hands, torque exertions in multiple anatomical axes, using gloves, upper extremity anthropometry and test protocols, which should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iman Dianat
- Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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