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Liu XC, Strodl E, Wu CA, Huang LH, Yin XN, Wen GM, Sun DL, Xian DX, Chen WQ. Critical window for the association between prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and preterm birth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113427. [PMID: 35561826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is considered to be a severe public health problem and a modifiable risk factor for preterm birth (PTB), we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the PTB risk associated with trimester-specific prenatal ETS exposure. This study aimed to examine the accumulation of risk across trimester ETS exposure and the critical window of the association between maternal ETS exposure during pregnancy and PTB. A total of 63,038 mother-child pairs were involved in the analysis of the 2017 survey of Longhua Child Cohort Study. Information about socio-demographic characteristics, prenatal ETS exposure, and birth outcomes were collected using a self-report questionnaire. A series of logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations between prenatal ETS exposure and PTB. We found that maternal ETS exposure during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of PTB and this association increased with both the average level of daily ETS exposure and the number of trimesters of ETS exposure. Moreover, mothers who were initially exposed to ETS in the 1st trimester of pregnancy had significant higher risk of PTB (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.25-1.44). Furthermore, mothers exposed to ETS in the 1st trimester only (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.04-1.50), in both 1st and 2nd trimester (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.08-1.67) and throughout pregnancy (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.24-1.46) experienced a significantly high risk of PTB. Prenatal maternal ETS exposure during only the 2nd trimester also resulted in a high risk of PTB with marginal significance (OR = 1.33, 95% CI:0.78-2.13). To conclude, the 1st and early 2nd trimester might be the critical window for prenatal ETS exposure causing PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chuan-An Wu
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Na Yin
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Min Wen
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deng-Li Sun
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Xia Xian
- Women's and Children's Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Health, Xinhua College of Guangzhou, China.
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Friedman C, Dabelea D, Thomas DSK, Peel JL, Adgate JL, Magzamen S, Martenies SE, Allshouse WB, Starling AP. Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal and umbilical cord blood: The Healthy Start study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111165. [PMID: 33857458 PMCID: PMC8216209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Inflammation has been proposed as a potential link. We estimated associations between air pollution exposure during pregnancy and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal and cord blood. We evaluated whether maternal inflammation was associated with infant outcomes. METHODS Among 515 mother-infant dyads in the Healthy Start study (2009-2014), trimester-long, 7- and 30-day average concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) during pregnancy were estimated, using inverse-distance-weighted interpolation. Inflammatory biomarkers were measured in maternal blood in mid-pregnancy (C-reactive protein [CRP], Interleukin [IL]-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα]) and in cord blood at delivery (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and TNFα). We used linear regression to estimate associations between pollutants and inflammatory biomarkers and maternal inflammatory biomarkers and infant weight and body composition. RESULTS There were positive associations between PM2.5 during certain exposure periods and maternal IL-6 and TNFα. There were negative associations between recent O3 and maternal CRP, IL-6, and TNFα and positive associations between trimester-long O3 exposure and maternal inflammatory biomarkers, though some 95% confidence intervals included the null. Patterns were inconsistent for associations between PM2.5 and O3 and cord blood inflammatory biomarkers. No consistent associations between maternal inflammatory biomarkers and infant outcomes were identified. CONCLUSIONS Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may impact maternal inflammation. Further investigations should examine the health consequences for women and infants of elevated inflammatory biomarkers associated with air pollution exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Friedman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deborah S K Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - William B Allshouse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Spence T, Allsopp PJ, Yeates AJ, Mulhern MS, Strain JJ, McSorley EM. Maternal Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. J Pregnancy 2021; 2021:6649608. [PMID: 33680514 PMCID: PMC7925069 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6649608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal immune response is essential for successful pregnancy, promoting immune tolerance to the fetus while maintaining innate and adaptive immunity. Uncontrolled, increased proinflammatory responses are a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The Th1/Th2 cytokine shift theory, characterised by bias production of Th2 anti-inflammatory cytokine midgestation, was frequently used to reflect the maternal immune response in pregnancy. This theory is simplistic as it is based on limited information and does not consider the role of other T cell subsets, Th17 and Tregs. A range of maternal peripheral cytokines have been measured in pregnancy cohorts, albeit the changes in individual cytokine concentrations across gestation is not well summarised. Using available data, this review was aimed at summarising changes in individual maternal serum cytokine concentrations throughout healthy pregnancy and evaluating their association with preeclampsia. We report that TNF-α increases as pregnancy progresses, IL-8 decreases in the second trimester, and IL-4 concentrations remain consistent throughout gestation. Lower second trimester IL-10 concentrations may be an early predictor for developing preeclampsia. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, and IL-6) are significantly elevated in preeclampsia. More research is required to determine the usefulness of using cytokines, particularly IL-10, as early biomarkers of pregnancy health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Spence
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Philip J. Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison J. Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maria S. Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J. J. Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emeir M. McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Qu W, Yuan L, Xiang Y, Jia X, Zhao Z. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms, and their interactions with smoking on risk of low birth weight: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:1178-1190. [PMID: 30153758 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1517312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Published data regarding the association between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene polymorphisms and risk of low birth weight (LBW) remains inconclusive, and data on the interactions between the two gene polymorphisms and smoking for LBW susceptibility is lacking. To clarify these associations, a meta-analysis was conducted.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in multiple databases until 11 January 2018. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed or random effects model.Results: Thirty-eight studies from 17 articles concerning maternal and neonatal GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphism with LBW risk were included in this meta-analysis, and nine studies from five articles provided data of maternal tobacco exposure status during pregnancy. Maternal GSTM1 null genotype was associated with increased LBW risk (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12-1.45). There was a nonsignificant but positive association (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.97-1.46) between the maternal GSTT1 null genotype and the LBW risk in the overall analysis. There was a null association between neonatal GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphism and LBW risk. There were significant associations between the maternal GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotype and LBW risk (for the former, OR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.68-8.81; for the later, OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.01-3.50) in individuals with active smoking, respectively.Conclusion: Maternal GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes, but not neonatal genotypes, are suggested to increase LBW susceptibility, and there are interactions between active smoking and these polymorphisms in the development of LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Qu
- The First Center of Maternal and Child Health Care Family Planning Service for the West Coast New Area of Qingdao, Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Yuan
- The First Center of Maternal and Child Health Care Family Planning Service for the West Coast New Area of Qingdao, Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxiang Xiang
- The People's Hospital of the West Coast New Area of Qingdao, Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- The First Center of Maternal and Child Health Care Family Planning Service for the West Coast New Area of Qingdao, Department of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- The Binhai Central Health Center of Huangdao, Department of Public Health, Qingdao, China
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