1
|
Diakite M, Shaw-Saliba K, Lau CY. Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1103737. [PMID: 37476029 PMCID: PMC10358275 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi's sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA's battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chuen-Yen Lau
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carneiro VCDS, Alves-Leon SV, Sarmento DJDS, Coelho WLDCNP, Moreira ODC, Salvio AL, Ramos CHF, Ramos Filho CHF, Marques CAB, da Costa Gonçalves JP, Leon LAA, de Paula VS. Herpesvirus and neurological manifestations in patients with severe coronavirus disease. Virol J 2022; 19:101. [PMID: 35676707 PMCID: PMC9174631 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Certain clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mimic those associated with human herpesvirus (HHV) infection. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of herpesvirus in patients with COVID-19 and determined if coinfection is associated with poorer outcomes and neurological symptoms. Methods We analyzed samples of 53 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The samples were evaluated for the presence of alphaherpesviruses, betaherpesviruses, and gammaherpesviruses, and the viral loads were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results Among the patients, in 79.2% had detection at least one type of herpesvirus. HHV-6 (47.2%), cytomegalovirus (43.3%), and HHV-7 (39.6%) showed the highest detection rates. Patients with a high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) load were more likely to show herpes simplex virus 1 detection (p = 0.037). Among patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and HHVs, 26.4% showed central nervous system-associated neurological symptoms and herpetic manifestations. A statistically significant association was observed between neurological changes and HHV-6 detection (p = 0.034). Conclusions The findings showed a high prevalence of herpesvirus in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, even though SARS-CoV-2 and HHV coinfection was not associated with poorer outcomes, the findings demonstrated the association between neurological symptoms and HHV-6 detection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01828-9.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lino K, Alves LS, Trizzotti N, Raposo JV, Souza CF, da Silva AA, de Paula VS, Almeida JR. Evaluation of herpesvirus members on hospital admission in patients with systemic lupus erythematous shows higher frequency of Epstein-Barr virus and its associated renal dysfunction. J Bras Nefrol 2022; 44:490-497. [PMID: 35385570 PMCID: PMC9838661 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Members of the Herpesviridae family have been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), but the clinical impact on renal function is not well known. METHODS HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 were evaluated by molecular biology on admission in blood samples from 40 consecutive SLE patients hospitalized for lupus activity. RESULTS Patients were 90.0% female, 77.5% non-white, with average age of 32.7 ± 13.6 years. We found positivity for EBV (65.0%), CMV (30.0%), HSV-1 (30.0%), HHV-6 (12.5%), and HHV-7 (7.5%). For all viruses, age, SLEDAI, hematological tests, ferritin, LDH, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were not significant. However, EBV positivity was a significant factor for higher serum creatinine (3.0 ± 2.8 vs. 0.9 ± 0.8; P = 0.001) and urea (86 ± 51 vs. 50 ± 46; P = 0.03). Moreover, positive cases for EBV only or with combined co-infections (66.7%-CMV; 58.3%-HSV-1) or negative for EBV only were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis test again showed statistical significance for serum creatinine and urea (both P ≤ 0.01), with posttest also showing statistical differences for renal dysfunction and EBV presence (alone or in combined co-infections). The presence of EBV viral load was also significant for nephrotic-range proteinuria, renal flare, and the need for hemodialysis. CONCLUSION Members of the Herpeviridae family (mainly EBV, HSV-1 and CMV) are common on hospital admission of SLE patients, reaching 65% for EBV, which seems to be associated with renal dysfunction and could reflect a previous association or overlapping disease, which is not well understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Lino
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lilian Santos Alves
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Natalia Trizzotti
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jessica Vasques Raposo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cintia Fernandes Souza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andrea Alice da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Patologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jorge Reis Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferrari RB, Martin C, Hollins Martin C, de Souza FG, Clini JV, Onofre LBO, Diniz Zanetti MR. Translation of the UK-Birth-Satisfaction-Scale-Revised (BSS-R) into Brazilian (Portuguese) and description of initial measurement properties. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:6373-6379. [PMID: 34044739 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1913579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The concept of birth satisfaction embraces many factors, which include for example perceived quality of care provision, stress experienced, and personal coping strategies. A woman's birth experience has the power to affect her mental health, decisions surrounding future birth planning, and quality of relationships with her partner and family. The UK-Birth-Satisfaction-Scale-Revised (UK-BSS-R) is currently recommended as the tool of choice by the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measures (ICHOM) for measuring women's experiences of childbirth. It was therefore considered important to translate and validate this scale for use in a Brazilian context. OBJECTIVE To translate and culturally adapt the UK-BSS-R into Brazilian (Portuguese) and validate its key measurement properties. METHODS A repeated-measures survey was conducted for the purpose of examining factor structure, validity and reliability of the Brazilian (Portuguese)-BSS-R. PARTICIPANTS Data was gathered from (n = 101) Brazilian Portuguese-speaking postnatal women. RESULTS The initial measurement characteristics of the Brazilian (Portuguese)-BSS-R in terms of Intraclass Correlational Coefficient, Standard Error of Measurement and minimal detectable change were found to be excellent. CONCLUSION The Brazilian (Portuguese)-BSS-R is now considered to be a valid and reliable multidimensional psychometric instrument for measuring birth satisfaction in a Brazilian Portuguese population of postnatal women. This translation was found to be conceptually consistent with the original English-language version (UK-BSS-R) and to have an excellent initial measurement characteristics profile. The direction of future research is indicated, specifically to undertake a thorough psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian (Portuguese)-BSS-R in a larger sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bullio Ferrari
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Colin Martin
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Caroline Hollins Martin
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Julia Vale Clini
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Update of the global distribution of human gammaherpesvirus 8 genotypes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7640. [PMID: 33828146 PMCID: PMC8026617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) consists of six major clades (A–F) based on the genetic sequence of the open reading frame (ORF)-K1. There are a few conflicting reports regarding the global distribution of the different HHV-8 genotypes. This study aimed to determine the global distribution of the different HHV-8 genotypes based on phylogenetic analysis of the ORF-K1 coding region using sequences published in the GenBank during 1997–2020 and construct a phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood algorithm with the GTR + I + G nucleotide substitution model. A total of 550 sequences from 38 countries/origins were analysed in this study. Genotypes A and C had similar global distributions and were prevalent in Africa and Europe. Genotype B was prevalent in Africa. Of the rare genotypes, genotype D was reported in East Asia and Oceania and genotype E in South America, while genotype F was prevalent in Africa. The highest genotypic diversity was reported in the American continent, with Brazil housing five HHV-8 genotypes (A, B, C, E, and F). In this study, we present update of the global distribution of HHV-8 genotypes, providing a basis for future epidemiological and evolutionary studies of HHV-8.
Collapse
|
6
|
de Oliveira Lopes A, Spitz N, Martinelli KG, de Paula AV, de Castro Conde Toscano AL, Braz-Silva PH, Dos Santos Barbosa Netto J, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, de Paula VS. Introduction of human gammaherpesvirus 8 genotypes A, B, and C into Brazil from multiple geographic regions. Virus Res 2019; 276:197828. [PMID: 31794796 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the open reading frame (ORF) K1 gene sequence of human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has led to the identification of 6 major genotypic clades (A, B, C, D, E, and F) in specimens isolated from around the world. These clades exhibit clear clustering among individuals in different ethnic groups and from different geographic regions. The human population of Brazil varies greatly in ethnicity because of multiple immigration events from Africa, Europe, Asia, and indigenous communities. However, there is scant information about the HHV-8 genotypes currently circulating in Brazil. Here, we describe HHV-8 genotypic diversity in isolates from Brazilian HIV-infected patients living with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) by analysis of the complete ORF-K1 region. We also identified the most likely geographic origins of these different Brazilian genotypes. We extracted HHV-8 DNA (24 positive samples) from individuals with HIV/KS from the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, amplified the ORF-K1 gene using nested PCR (about 870 base pairs), performed sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, and then calculated the mean genetic distances of Brazilian sequences from sequences in other regions of the world (523 sequences analyzed). Phylogenetic analysis showed that genotypes C, A, and B were present in 45.8 %, 29.2 % and 25 % of the isolates from Brazil, respectively. These isolates grouped into separate clades, rather than a single monophyletic cluster. Mean genetic distance analyses suggested that these genotypes were introduced into the Brazil multiple times from different geographical regions. HHV-8/A isolates appear to be from Ukraine, Russia, and the Tartar ethnic group; HHV-8/B isolates appear to be from Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo; and HHV-8/C isolates appear to be from Australia, Algeria, England, and French Guiana. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and origins of HHV-8 strains circulating in Brazil, and will provide a foundation for further epidemiological and evolutionary studies of HHV-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Natália Spitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | | | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Department of Virology, São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza de Castro Conde Toscano
- Department of Virology, São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil; Dia Hospital, Emílio Ribas Infectology Institute, São Paulo, 01246-900, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Virology, São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil; General Pathology Division, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Department of Virology, São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|