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Adrián-Serrano S, Pavlek M, Arnedo MA. A targeted gene phylogenetic framework to investigate diversification in the highly diverse yet geographically restricted red devil spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae). Cladistics 2024. [PMID: 39105704 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The family Dysderidae is a highly diverse group of nocturnal ground-dwelling and active-hunter spiders. Dysderids are mostly restricted to the Western Palearctic, and particularly rich and abundant around the Mediterranean region. Interestingly, the distribution of species richness among its 24 genera and three subfamilies is highly biased-80% of its 644 documented species belong to just two genera, Dysdera (326) and Harpactea (211). Dysderidae provides an excellent study case for evolutionary and ecological research. It includes cases of trophic specialization, which are uncommon among spiders, and exhibit other remarkable biological (e.g. holocentric chromosomes), behavioural (e.g. cryptic female choice), evolutionary (e.g. adaptive radiation) and ecological features (e.g. recurrent colonization of the subterranean environment). The lack of a quantitative hypothesis on its phylogenetic structure has hampered its potential as a testing ground for evolutionary, biogeographical and ecological hypotheses. Here, we present the results of a target, multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, using mitochondrial (cox1, 16s and 12s) and nuclear genes (h3, 28s and 18s), of the most exhaustive taxonomic sample within Dysderidae (104 spp.) to date and across related families (Synspermiata) (83 spp.). We estimate divergence times using a combination of fossil and biogeographic node calibrations and use this timeline to identify shifts in diversification rates. Our results support the monophyly of the Dysderidae subfamilies Rhodinae and Dysderinae but reject Harpacteinae as currently defined. Moreover, the clades recovered within Harpacteinae do not support its current taxonomy. The origin of the family most likely post-dated the break-up of Pangea, and cave colonization may be older than previously considered. After correcting for the taxonomic artefacts, we identified a significant shift in diversification rates at the base of the genus Dysdera. Although the unique coexistence of specialist and generalist diets within the lineage could be suggested as the potential driver for the rate acceleration, further quantitative analyses would be necessary to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Adrián-Serrano
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Roosveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miquel A Arnedo
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Zamani A, Marusik YM. New data on Dysdera Latreille, 1804 and Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 (Araneae: Dysderidae) of the Caucasus, with new species and records. Zootaxa 2024; 5397:195-217. [PMID: 38221210 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we provide new taxonomic and faunistic data on the dysderid spider genera Dysdera Latreille, 1804 and Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 based on material collected in the Caucasus region. We identified a total of seventeen species, of which D. atabekia sp. n. (; Goychay and Ismayilli districts, Azerbaijan), H. abasgiana sp. n. (; Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia), and H. dunini sp. n. (; Zagatala district, Azerbaijan) are described as new to science and their distributions are mapped. Furthermore, three new records are provided: D. daghestanica Dunin, 1991 from Krasnodar Krai, D. concinna L. Koch, 1878 from Iran, and D. mazini Dunin, 1991 from Azerbaijan. By examining the type series of Harpactea caucasia (Kulczyski, 1895), we found that at least a part of Dunins records of this species refer to H. abasgiana sp. n., and his figures of this species in fact refer to an undescribed species. Brief notes are provided on the northernmost distribution limits of Dysderidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zamani
- Zoological Museum; Biodiversity Unit; FI-20014 University of Turku; Turku 20500; Finland..
| | - Yuri M Marusik
- Department of Zoology & Entomology; University of the Free State; Bloemfontein 9300; South Africa.; Altai State University; Lenina Pr.; 61; Barnaul; RF-656049; Russia.; Institute for Biological Problems of the North; Portovaya Str. 18; Magadan 685000; Russia..
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3
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Schult J, Preik O, Kirschner S, Friedrich F. A biosemiotic interpretation of certain genital morphological structures in the spiders Dysdera erythrina and Dysdera crocata (Araneae: Dysderidae). Theory Biosci 2023; 142:371-382. [PMID: 37702887 PMCID: PMC10564669 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-023-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
A biosemiotic approach to the interpretation of morphological data is apt to highlight morphological traits that have hitherto gone unnoticed for their crucial roles in intraspecific sign interpretation and communication processes. Examples of such traits include specific genital structures found in the haplogyne spiders Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer 1802) and Dysdera crocata (Koch 1838). In both D. erythrina and D. crocata, the distal sclerite of the male bulb and the anterior diverticulum of the female endogyne exhibit a striking, previously unreported correspondence in size and shape, allowing for a precise match between these structures during copulation. In D. erythrina, the sclerite at the tip of the bulb and the anterior diverticulum are semi-circular in shape, whereas in D. crocata they are rectangular. From the perspective of biosemiotics, which studies the production and interpretation of signs and codes in living systems, these structures are considered the morphological zones of an intraspecific sign interpretation process. This process constitutes one of the necessary prerequisites for sperm transfer and the achievement of fertilization. Therefore, these morphological elements deserve particular attention as they hold higher taxonomic value compared to morphological traits of the bulb for which a relevant role in mating and fertilization has not been proven. Thus, an approach to species delimitation based on biosemiotics, with its specific evaluation of morphological structures, provides new insights for the multidisciplinary endeavour of modern integrative taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schult
- Department of Biology, History of Science Research Unit, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Onno Preik
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Biology Research Unit, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kirschner
- Department of Biology, History of Science Research Unit, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Friedrich
- Department of Biology, Teaching and Science Service, Electron Microscopy, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Bellvert A, Roca‐Cusachs M, Tonzo V, Arnedo MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. The Vitruvian spider: Segmenting and integrating over different body parts to describe ecophenotypic variation. J Morphol 2022; 283:1425-1438. [PMID: 36169046 PMCID: PMC9828460 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding what drives the existing phenotypic variability has been a major topic of interest for biologists for generations. However, the study of the phenotype may not be straightforward. Indeed, organisms may be interpreted as composite objects, comprising different ecophenotypic traits, which are neither necessarily independent from each other nor do they respond to the same evolutionary pressures. For this reason, a deep biological understanding of the focal organism is essential for any morphological analysis. The spider genus Dysdera provides a particularly well-suited system for setting up protocols for morphological analyses that encompass a suit of morphological structures in any nonmodel system. This genus has undergone a remarkable diversification in the Canary Islands, where different species perform different ecological roles, exhibiting different levels of trophic specialization or troglomorphic adaptations, which translate into a remarkable interspecific morphological variability. Here, we seek to develop a broad guide, of which morphological characters must be considered, to study the effect of different ecological pressures in spiders and propose a general workflow that will be useful whenever researchers set out to investigate variation in the body plans of different organisms, with data sets comprising a set of morphological traits. We use geometric morphometric methods to quantify variation in different body structures, all of them with diverse phenotypic modifications in their chelicera, prosoma, and legs. We explore the effect of analyzing different combined landmark (LM) configurations of these characters and the degree of morphological integration that they exhibit. Our results suggest that different LM configurations of each of these body parts exhibit a higher degree of integration compared to LM configurations from different structures and that the analysis of each of these body parts captures different aspects of morphological variation, potentially related to different ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Bellvert
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcos Roca‐Cusachs
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Vanina Tonzo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
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5
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Gonnet V, Bidegaray-Batista L, Aisenberg A, Laborda Á, Hagopián D, Izquierdo MA, Piacentini LN, Simó M. A wolf spider from South American grasslands: phylogenetic placement and redescription of Paratrochosina amica (Mello-Leitão 1941). ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Crespo LC, Silva I, Enguídanos A, Cardoso P, Arnedo MA. The Atlantic connection: coastal habitat favoured long distance dispersal and colonization of Azores and Madeira by Dysdera spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1946618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís C. Crespo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Isamberto Silva
- Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza, Funchal, 9054-505, Portugal
| | - Alba Enguídanos
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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7
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Schramm FD, Valdez-Mondragón A, Prendini L. Volcanism and palaeoclimate change drive diversification of the world's largest whip spider (Amblypygi). Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2872-2890. [PMID: 33881187 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The tropics contain many of the most biodiverse regions on Earth but the processes responsible for generating this diversity remain poorly understood. This study investigated the drivers of diversification in arthropods with stenotopic ecological requirements and limited dispersal capability using as a model the monotypic whip spider (Amblypygi) genus Acanthophrynus, widespread in the tropical deciduous forests of Mexico. We hypothesized that for these organisms, the tropical deciduous forests serve as a conduit for dispersal, with their disappearance imposing barriers. Given that these forests are located in a region of complex geological history and that they fluctuated in extent during the Pliocene-Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles we combine molecular divergence dating, palaeoclimatic niche modelling and ancestral area reconstruction to test if and when habitat fragmentation promoted diversification in Acanthophrynus. Concomitant with the expected role of landscape change, we demonstrate that orogeny of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, in the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene (6.95-5.21 million years ago), drove the earliest divergence of Acanthophrynus by vicariance. Similarly, as expected, the later onset of glaciations strongly impacted diversification. Whereas a more stable climate in the southern part of the distribution enabled further diversification, a marked loss of suitable habitat during the glaciations only allowed dispersal and diversification in the north to occur later, resulting in a lower overall diversity in this region. Barriers and diversification patterns identified in Acanthophrynus are reflected in the phylogeography of codistributed vertebrates and arthropods, emphasizing the profound impact of Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt orogeny and glacial/interglacial cycles as drivers of diversification in the Mexican Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D Schramm
- Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón
- Laboratory of Arachnology (LATLAX), Laboratorio Regional de Biodiversidad y Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales (LBCTV), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), sede Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Prendini
- Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Řezáč M, Pekár S, Arnedo M, Macías-Hernández N, Řezáčová V. Evolutionary insights into the eco-phenotypic diversification of Dysdera spiders in the Canary Islands. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Platania L, Pavlek M, Arnedo M. Testing the monophyly of the ground-dweller spider genus Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 (Araneae, Dysderidae) with the description of three new species. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1776786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Platania
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Martina Pavlek
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Miquel Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Cardoso P, Crespo LC, Silva I, Borges PA, Boieiro M. Species conservation profiles of endemic spiders (Araneae) from Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos, Portugal. Biodivers Data J 2017:e20810. [PMID: 29104441 PMCID: PMC5665005 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.5.e20810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The North Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and Selvagens present a unique biological diversity including, presently, 56 endemic spider species. Several recent projects provide valuable information on their distribution across most islands and habitats. To date, the only endemic spider assessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria is Hognaingens. The objective of this paper is to assess all remaining endemic species and advise on possible future conservation actions critical for the survival of endangered species. New information Seven species were found to have a continuing decline in either range or population size. Their decline can be mostly attributed to habitat destruction or degradation, invasive plant species that reduce quality of habitat, forest fires at high mountain regions and possible competition for resources from invasive congeners. The tetragnathid M.barreti is considered as possibly extinct due to the suspected impact of a competing species. Although most endemic spiders from the Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos have relatively low extinction risk due to the good condition and protection of the laurisilva forests where many live, there are a number of species requiring urgent attention and protection measures. These include all cave and mountain-restricted species as well as those threatened by competing congeners or invasive plants. Extending current protected areas, restoring original habitats of threatened species and the control of invasive taxa should remain a priority for species survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland.,Azorean Biodiversity Group/CE3C, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroismo, Portugal
| | - Luís C Crespo
- Biodiversity Research Institute UB, Departament Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isamberto Silva
- Institute of Forests and Nature Conservation, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Paulo Av Borges
- Azorean Biodiversity Group/CE3C, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroismo, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mário Boieiro
- Azorean Biodiversity Group/CE3C, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroismo, Portugal
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11
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Sheth BP, Thaker VS. DNA barcoding and traditional taxonomy: an integrated approach for biodiversity conservation. Genome 2017; 60:618-628. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological diversity is depleting at an alarming rate. Additionally, a vast amount of biodiversity still remains undiscovered. Taxonomy has been serving the purpose of describing, naming, and classifying species for more than 250 years. DNA taxonomy and barcoding have accelerated the rate of this process, thereby providing a tool for conservation practice. DNA barcoding and traditional taxonomy have their own inherent merits and demerits. The synergistic use of both methods, in the form of integrative taxonomy, has the potential to contribute to biodiversity conservation in a pragmatic timeframe and overcome their individual drawbacks. In this review, we discuss the basics of both these methods of biological identification (traditional taxonomy and DNA barcoding), the technical advances in integrative taxonomy, and future trends. We also present a comprehensive compilation of published examples of integrative taxonomy that refer to nine topics within biodiversity conservation. Morphological and molecular species limits were observed to be congruent in ∼41% of the 58 source studies. The majority of the studies highlighted the description of cryptic diversity through the use of molecular data, whereas research areas like endemism, biological invasion, and threatened species were less discussed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavisha P. Sheth
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Vrinda S. Thaker
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
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12
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Macías-Hernández N, López SDLC, Roca-Cusachs M, Oromí P, Arnedo MA. A geographical distribution database of the genus Dysdera in the Canary Islands (Araneae, Dysderidae). Zookeys 2016:11-23. [PMID: 27833424 PMCID: PMC5096360 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.625.9847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ground-dweller spider genus Dysdera shows very high species richness on the oceanic archipelago of the Canary Islands, providing one of the most outstanding examples of island radiation among spiders, only paralleled by Tetragnatha spiders on the Hawaiian archipelago. A georeferenced database of the 48 Dysdera species occurring in the Canary Islands was assembled to facilitate ongoing and future research on this remarkable lineage. All species are endemic to the archipelago except for the cosmopolitan Dysdera crocata. The dataset consists of 794 distributional records documented from 1971 to 2015, each locality being represented only once per species. Distribution maps are provided for each species, along with basic diversity and distribution information. The database and geographical maps included in this article stand for the most updated, accurate and complete information on the distribution of the spider genus Dysdera in the Canary Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Macías-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; ULPGC-ULL, CEI Canarias: Campus Atlántico Tricontinental; Biodiversity Research Institute and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador de la Cruz López
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marcos Roca-Cusachs
- Biodiversity Research Institute and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Oromí
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Miquel A Arnedo
- Biodiversity Research Institute and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Xu X, Liu F, Cheng RC, Chen J, Xu X, Zhang Z, Ono H, Pham DS, Norma-Rashid Y, Arnedo MA, Kuntner M, Li D. Extant primitively segmented spiders have recently diversified from an ancient lineage. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142486. [PMID: 25948684 PMCID: PMC4455790 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Living fossils are lineages that have retained plesiomorphic traits through long time periods. It is expected that such lineages have both originated and diversified long ago. Such expectations have recently been challenged in some textbook examples of living fossils, notably in extant cycads and coelacanths. Using a phylogenetic approach, we tested the patterns of the origin and diversification of liphistiid spiders, a clade of spiders considered to be living fossils due to their retention of arachnid plesiomorphies and their exclusive grouping in Mesothelae, an ancient clade sister to all modern spiders. Facilitated by original sampling throughout their Asian range, we here provide the phylogenetic framework necessary for reconstructing liphistiid biogeographic history. All phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Liphistiidae and of eight genera. As the fossil evidence supports a Carboniferous Euramerican origin of Mesothelae, our dating analyses postulate a long eastward over-land dispersal towards the Asian origin of Liphistiidae during the Palaeogene (39-58 Ma). Contrary to expectations, diversification within extant liphistiid genera is relatively recent, in the Neogene and Late Palaeogene (4-24 Ma). While no over-water dispersal events are needed to explain their evolutionary history, the history of liphistiid spiders has the potential to play prominently in vicariant biogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Chung Cheng
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Biological Institute ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jian Chen
- Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hirotsugu Ono
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0005, Japan
| | - Dinh Sac Pham
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Y Norma-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Miquel A Arnedo
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Biological Institute ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daiqin Li
- Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Opatova V, Arnedo MA. Spiders on a Hot Volcanic Roof: Colonisation Pathways and Phylogeography of the Canary Islands Endemic Trap-Door Spider Titanidiops canariensis (Araneae, Idiopidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e115078. [PMID: 25494329 PMCID: PMC4262472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies conducted on volcanic islands have greatly contributed to our current understanding of how organisms diversify. The Canary Islands archipelago, located northwest of the coast of northern Africa, harbours a large number of endemic taxa. Because of their low vagility, mygalomorph spiders are usually absent from oceanic islands. The spider Titanidiops canariensis, which inhabits the easternmost islands of the archipelago, constitutes an exception to this rule. Here, we use a multi-locus approach that combines three mitochondrial and four nuclear genes to investigate the origins and phylogeography of this remarkable trap-door spider. We provide a timeframe for the colonisation of the Canary Islands using two alternative approaches: concatenation and species tree inference in a Bayesian relaxed clock framework. Additionally, we investigate the existence of cryptic species on the islands by means of a Bayesian multi-locus species delimitation method. Our results indicate that T. canariensis colonised the Canary Islands once, most likely during the Miocene, although discrepancies between the timeframes from different approaches make the exact timing uncertain. A complex evolutionary history for the species in the archipelago is revealed, which involves two independent colonisations of Fuerteventura from the ancestral range of T. canariensis in northern Lanzarote and a possible back colonisation of southern Lanzarote. The data further corroborate a previously proposed volcanic refugium, highlighting the impact of the dynamic volcanic history of the island on the phylogeographic patterns of the endemic taxa. T. canariensis includes at least two different species, one inhabiting the Jandia peninsula and central Fuerteventura and one spanning from central Fuerteventura to Lanzarote. Our data suggest that the extant northern African Titanidiops lineages may have expanded to the region after the islands were colonised and, hence, are not the source of colonisation. In addition, T. maroccanus may harbour several cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Opatova
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat & Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat & Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Magalhaes ILF, Oliveira U, Santos FR, Vidigal THDA, Brescovit AD, Santos AJ. Strong spatial structure, Pliocene diversification and cryptic diversity in the Neotropical dry forest spiderSicarius cariri. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5323-36. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L. F. Magalhaes
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- División Aracnología; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’; Av. Angel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ubirajara Oliveira
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Fabrício R. Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Teofânia H. D. A. Vidigal
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Antonio D. Brescovit
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas; Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adalberto J. Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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16
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Lopardo L, Uhl G. Testing mitochondrial marker efficacy for DNA barcoding in spiders: a test case using the dwarf spider genus Oedothorax (Araneae : Linyphiidae : Erigoninae). INVERTEBR SYST 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/is14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study focusses on comparatively assessing the efficacy for DNA barcoding of the two most commonly used mitochondrial markers (cox1 and 16S) in a genus of erigonine spiders. In total, 53 specimens representing five species, including four multi-sampled species, were sampled from several European localities. Initial evaluation of species monophyly was performed through parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Efficacy of mitochondrial markers was tested using operational (including distance-, tree-based measures and Barcode Gap) and evolutionary criteria (using the General Mixed Yule-coalescent Model) for species delimitation. We propose that the cox1 marker can potentially overestimate analyses of biodiversity and thus might not be the preferred marker for DNA species identification and delimitation methods in Oedothorax. Instead, our results suggest that the 16S marker appears to be a promising candidate for such endeavour. Evaluating the contribution and suitability of markers to the re-identification of species, measured by their recovery of well established morphological species, is critical for future studies and for reliable results in species identification in spiders.
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17
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López H, Hernández-Teixidor D, Macías-Hernández N, Juan C, Oromí P. A taxonomic revision and species delimitation of the genus Purpuraria
Enderlein, 1929 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae) using an integrative approach. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto López
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC); Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
- Department of Biología Animal; Universidad La Laguna; Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Juan
- Department of Biologia; Universitat Illes Balears; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Pedro Oromí
- Department of Biología Animal; Universidad La Laguna; Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
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18
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Macías-Hernández N, Bidegaray-Batista L, Emerson BC, Oromí P, Arnedo M. The Imprint of Geologic History on Within-Island Diversification of Woodlouse-Hunter Spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands. J Hered 2013; 104:341-56. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Macías-Hernández N, Bidegaray-Batista L, Oromí P, Arnedo MA. The odd couple: contrasting phylogeographic patterns in two sympatric sibling species of woodlouse-hunter spiders in the Canary Islands. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Macías-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal; Universidad de La Laguna; Tenerife Canary Islands
- Biodiversity Research Institute; Departament de Biologia Animal; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Leticia Bidegaray-Batista
- Biodiversity Research Institute; Departament de Biologia Animal; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Pedro Oromí
- Departamento de Biología Animal; Universidad de La Laguna; Tenerife Canary Islands
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Biodiversity Research Institute; Departament de Biologia Animal; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Bidegaray-Batista L, Arnedo MA. Gone with the plate: the opening of the Western Mediterranean basin drove the diversification of ground-dweller spiders. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:317. [PMID: 22039781 PMCID: PMC3273451 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major islands of the Western Mediterranean--Corsica, Sardinia, and the Balearic Islands--are continental terrenes that drifted towards their present day location following a retreat from their original position on the eastern Iberian Peninsula about 30 million years ago. Several studies have taken advantage of this well-dated geological scenario to calibrate molecular rates in species for which distributions seemed to match this tectonic event. Nevertheless, the use of external calibration points has revealed that most of the present-day fauna on these islands post-dated the opening of the western Mediterranean basin. In this study, we use sequence information of the cox1, nad1, 16S, L1, and 12S mitochondrial genes and the 18S, 28S, and h3 nuclear genes, along with relaxed clock models and a combination of biogeographic and fossil external calibration points, to test alternative historical scenarios of the evolutionary history of the ground-dweller spider genus Parachtes (Dysderidae), which is endemic to the region. RESULTS We analyse 49 specimens representing populations of most Parachtes species and close relatives. Our results reveal that both the sequence of species formation in Parachtes and the estimated divergence times match the geochronological sequence of separation of the main islands, suggesting that the diversification of the group was driven by Tertiary plate tectonics. In addition, the confirmation that Parachtes diversification matches well-dated geological events provides a model framework to infer substitution rates of molecular markers. Divergence rates estimates ranged from 3.5% My(-1) (nad1) to 0.12% My(-1) (28S), and the average divergence rate for the mitochondrial genes was 2.25% My(-1), very close to the "standard" arthropod mitochondrial rate (2.3% My(-1)). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first unequivocal evidence of terrestrial endemic fauna of the major western Mediterranean islands, whose origin can be traced back to the Oligocene separation of these islands from the continent. Moreover, our study provides useful information on the divergence rate estimates of the most commonly used genes for phylogenetic inference in non-model arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Bidegaray-Batista
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat & Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08020, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Arnedo
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat & Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08020, Barcelona, Spain
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