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Guil N, Guidetti R, Cesari M, Marchioro T, Rebecchi L, Machordom A. Molecular Phylogenetics, Speciation, and Long Distance Dispersal in Tardigrade Evolution: A case study of the genusMilnesium. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107401. [PMID: 35031462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms (sensu lato, i.e., including micrometazoans) are thought to have cosmopolitan geographic distributions due to their theoretically unlimited dispersal capabilities, a consequence of their tiny size, population dynamics, and resistant forms. However, several molecular studies of microorganisms have identified biogeographic patterns indicating cryptic speciation and/or weak species definitions. Using a multi-locus approach with the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada), we aimed to determine the genetic structure of populations worldwide and the effects of long distance dispersal (LDD) on genetic connectivity and relationships across the six continents. Our results on this micrometazoan's genetic structure and LDD at global and micro-local scales indicate contrasting patterns not easily explained by a unique or simple phenomenon. Overall, we report three key findings: (i) confirmation of long distance dispersal for tardigrades, (ii) populations with globally-shared or endemic micro-local haplotypes, and (iii) a supported genetic structure instead of the homogeneous genetic distribution hypothesized for microorganisms with LDD capabilities. Moreover, incongruences between our morphological and molecular results suggest that species delimitation within the genus Milnesium could be problematic due to homoplasy. Duality found for Milnesium populations at the global scale, namely, a molecular phylogenetic structure mixed with widely distributed haplotypes (but without any apparent biogeographic structure), is similar to patterns observed for some unicellular, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, microorganisms. Factors influencing these patterns are discussed within an evolutionary framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guil
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - M Cesari
- Department of Life Sciences. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - T Marchioro
- Department of Life Sciences. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - L Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences. University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - A Machordom
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Gąsiorek P, Michalczyk Ł. Phylogeny of Itaquasconinae in the light of the evolution of the flexible pharyngeal tube in Tardigrada. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gąsiorek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
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Bingemer J, Pfeiffer M, Hohberg K. First 12 years of tardigrade succession in the young soils of a quickly evolving ecosystem. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Open-cast coal-mining creates a severe disturbance of ecological systems, resulting in post-mining areas that have lost their soils entirely and are exposed to extreme conditions. Nonetheless, these areas allow us to investigate the process of primary succession. We studied the first 12 years of soil tardigrade succession at ‘Chicken Creek’, an experimental site within the open-cast coal-mining area in Welzow Süd, Germany. A total of ten tardigrade genera and 13 species or species groups were identified at the site. Over time, the organic carbon content, proportion of silt and nutrient availability in the soil increased, and the soil particle size distribution and pH value changed significantly. The vegetation cover and nematode abundance increased, whereas tardigrade densities peaked in 2008 and decreased thereafter, as did their mean body size. Species replacement was obvious within this 12 year study period, and tardigrade species diversity increased, indicating that ecological niche diversity also increased throughout this time. Vegetation cover, soil particle size distribution and time were the most important factors influencing the tardigrade community. We also discuss further potential factors and the ability of terrestrial tardigrades to persist despite many environmental constraints, such as fluctuations in pH and moisture, and to colonize new habitats faster than most other animal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bingemer
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biogeography, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeiffer
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biogeography, Bayreuth, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karin Hohberg
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
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Lisi O, Daza A, Londoño R, Quiroga S, Pilato G. Meplitumenaluna gen. nov., sp. nov. an interesting eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Zookeys 2019; 865:1-20. [PMID: 31379440 PMCID: PMC6663937 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.865.30705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new genus of Itaquasconinae, Meplitumen gen. nov., and a new species, Meplitumenaluna sp. nov., are described. The new genus has characters present in other genera of Itaquasconinae but in a unique combination. The spiral thickening of the bucco-pharyngeal tube is also present anteriorly to the insertion point of the stylet supports, excluding only the short portion where the apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles (AISM) are present. This character is similar to Astatumen Pilato, 1997 but Meplitumen gen. nov. differs from this genus as stylet furcae are shaped differently and as stylet supports and placoids are present. The presence of a spiral thickening in a portion of the buccal tube anterior to the stylet supports distinguishes the new genus from Mesocrista Pilato, 1987, Platicrista Pilato, 1987 and Itaquascon de Barros, 1939. Meplitumen gen. nov. also differs from Mesocrista, in having the caudal processes of the AISM pointing laterally (instead of postero-laterally), and the apices of the caudal processes of the stylet furcae unswollen. From Itaquascon the new genus also differs by having more robust stylet supports, pharyngeal bulb with placoids, stylet furcae differently shaped. Meplitumen gen. nov. also differs from Platicrista in having caudal processes of the AISM more robust and not flexible, and more slender stylet supports. The new species, Meplitumenaluna sp. nov., has a cuticle with a very faint roughness at the caudal extremity of the body, and eyes probably absent. The pharyngeal bulb is long, with two long, narrow, rod-shaped macroplacoids; a microplacoid and septulum are absent. The claws are well developed with main branches provided with accessory points, and at the base of the claws, a structure interpretable as a very thin lunule is present. Other cuticular thickenings on the legs are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.,Grupo de Investigación MIKU, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia
| | - Anisbeth Daza
- Grupo de Investigación MIKU, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia
| | - Rosana Londoño
- Grupo de Investigación MIKU, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia
| | - Sigmer Quiroga
- Grupo de Investigación MIKU, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia
| | - Giovanni Pilato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Cesari M, Vecchi M, Palmer A, Bertolani R, Pilato G, Rebecchi L, Guidetti R. What if the claws are reduced? Morphological and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the genusHaplomacrobiotusMay, 1948 (Eutardigrada, Parachela). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cesari
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via G. Campi 213/d 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Matteo Vecchi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via G. Campi 213/d 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Aparna Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences; Colorado Mesa University; Grand Junction 1100 North Avenue 81501 Grand Junction CO USA
| | - Roberto Bertolani
- Department of Education and Humanities; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; viale A. Allegri 9 42121 Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - Giovanni Pilato
- Department of Biological; Geological and Environmental Sciences - Section of Animal Biology ‘Marcello La Greca’; University of Catania; via Androne 81 95124 Catania Italy
| | - Lorena Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via G. Campi 213/d 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Roberto Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via G. Campi 213/d 41125 Modena Italy
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Gąsiorek P, Stec D, Morek W, Zawierucha K, Kaczmarek Ł, Lachowska-Cierlik D, Michalczyk Ł. An integrative revision of Mesocrista Pilato, 1987 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae). J NAT HIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1234654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gąsiorek
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel Stec
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Witold Morek
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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