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Linck E, Freeman BG, Dumbacher JP. Speciation and gene flow across an elevational gradient in New Guinea kingfishers. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1643-1652. [PMID: 32916016 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Closely related species with parapatric elevational ranges are ubiquitous in tropical mountains worldwide. The gradient speciation hypothesis proposes that these series are the result of in situ ecological speciation driven by divergent selection across elevation. Direct tests of this scenario have been hampered by the difficulty inferring the geographic arrangement of populations at the time of divergence. In cichlids, sticklebacks and Timema stick insects, support for ecological speciation driven by other selective pressures has come from demonstrating parallel speciation, where divergence proceeds independently across replicated environmental gradients. Here, we take advantage of the unique geography of the island of New Guinea to test for parallel gradient speciation in replicated populations of Syma kingfishers that show extremely subtle differentiation across elevation and between historically isolated mountain ranges. We find that currently described high-elevation and low-elevation species have reciprocally monophyletic gene trees and form nuclear DNA clusters, rejecting this hypothesis. However, demographic modelling suggests selection has likely maintained species boundaries in the face of gene flow following secondary contact. We compile evidence from the published literature to show that although in situ gradient speciation in labile organisms such as birds appears rare, divergent selection and post-speciation gene flow may be an underappreciated force in the origin of elevational series and tropical beta diversity along mountain slopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Linck
- Department of Biology & Burke Museum of Natural History & Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin G Freeman
- Beaty Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John P Dumbacher
- Ornithology & Mammalogy, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Drovetski SV, Fadeev IV, Raković M, Lopes RJ, Boano G, Pavia M, Koblik EA, Lohman YV, Red'kin YA, Aghayan SA, Reis S, Drovetskaya SS, Voelker G. A test of the European Pleistocene refugial paradigm, using a Western Palaearctic endemic bird species. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1606. [PMID: 30355709 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hewitt's paradigm for effects of Pleistocene glaciations on European populations assumes their isolation in peninsular refugia during glacial maxima, followed by re-colonization of broader Europe during interstadials. This paradigm is well supported by studies of poorly dispersing taxa, but highly dispersive birds have not been included. To test this paradigm, we use the dunnock (Prunella modularis), a Western Palaearctic endemic whose range includes all major European refugia. MtDNA gene tree, multilocus species tree and species delimitation analyses indicate the presence of three distinct lineages: one in the Iberian refugium, one in the Caucasus refugium, and one comprising the Italian and Balkan refugia and broader Europe. Our gene flow analysis suggests isolation of both the Iberian and Caucasus lineages but extensive exchange between Italy, the Balkans and broader Europe. Demographic stability could not be rejected for any refugial population, except the very recent expansion in the Caucasus. By contrast, northern European populations may have experienced two expansion periods. Iberia and Caucasus had much smaller historical populations than other populations. Although our results support the paradigm, in general, they also suggest that in highly dispersive taxa, isolation of neighbouring refugia was incomplete, resulting in large super-refugial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Drovetski
- Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - Igor V Fadeev
- Department of Collections, State Darwin Museum, Vavilova St. 57, 117292 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marko Raković
- Natural History Museum Belgrade, Njegoševa 51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ricardo J Lopes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Boano
- Natural History Museum of Carmagnola, San Francesco di Sales 188, 10022 Carmagnola, Italy
| | - Marco Pavia
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Evgeniy A Koblik
- Department of Ornithology, Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Bol'shaya Nikitskaya Street 6, 103009 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yaroslav A Red'kin
- Department of Ornithology, Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Bol'shaya Nikitskaya Street 6, 103009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sargis A Aghayan
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sandra Reis
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Gary Voelker
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843 TX, USA
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Drovetski SV, Reeves AB, Red'kin YA, Fadeev IV, Koblik EA, Sotnikov VN, Voelker G. Multi-locus reassessment of a striking discord between mtDNA gene trees and taxonomy across two congeneric species complexes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 120:43-52. [PMID: 29224786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Resolving relationships among members of the yellow and citrine wagtail species complexes is among the greatest challenges in avian systematics due to arguably the most dramatic disagreements between traditional taxonomy and mtDNA phylogeny. Each species complex is divided into three geographically cohesive mtDNA clades. Each clade from one species complex has a sister from the other complex. Furthermore, one cross-complex pair is more distantly related to the remaining two pairs than are several other wagtail species. To test mtDNA gene tree topology, we sequenced the mtDNA ND2 gene and 11 nuclear introns for seven wagtail species. Our mtDNA gene tree reconstruction supported the results of previous studies, thereby confirming the disagreement between mtDNA phylogeny and taxonomy. However, our multi-locus species tree which used mtDNA clades as "taxa" was consistent with traditional taxonomy regardless of whether mtDNA was included in the analysis or not. Our multi-locus data suggest that despite the presence of strongly supported, geographically structured mtDNA variation, the mtDNA gene tree misrepresents the evolutionary history of the yellow and citrine wagtail complexes. This mito-nuclear discord results from mtDNA representing the biogeographic, but not evolutionary history of these recently radiated Palearctic wagtails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Drovetski
- Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1000 Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA.
| | - Andrew B Reeves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
| | - Yaroslav A Red'kin
- Department of Ornithology, Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, 6 Bol'shaya Nikitskaya St, Moscow 103009, Russia.
| | - Igor V Fadeev
- Department of Collections, State Darwin Museum, 57/1 Vavilova St, Moscow 117292, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy A Koblik
- Department of Ornithology, Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, 6 Bol'shaya Nikitskaya St, Moscow 103009, Russia.
| | | | - Gary Voelker
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, 454 Throckmorton St, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Alaei Kakhki N, Aliabadian M, Schweizer M. Out of Africa: biogeographic history of the open-habitat chats (Aves, Muscicapidae: Saxicolinae) across arid areas of the old world. ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Alaei Kakhki
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mansour Aliabadian
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
- Research Department of Zoological Innovations; Institute of Applied Zoology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Manuel Schweizer
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 CH 3005 Bern Switzerland
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