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Cargnus E, Kiaeian Moosavi SF, Frizzera D, Floreani C, Zandigiacomo P, Bigot G, Mosetti D, Pavan F. Influence of Vineyard Inter-Row Management on Grapevine Leafhoppers and Their Natural Enemies. INSECTS 2024; 15:355. [PMID: 38786911 PMCID: PMC11122207 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Inter-row management in vineyards can influence the abundance of grapevine pests and their natural enemies. In 2013-2015, in a vineyard in northeastern Italy, the influence of two vineyard inter-row management strategies (i.e., alternate mowing, AM, and periodical tillage, PT) on the population dynamics of grapevine leafhoppers Hebata vitis and Zygina rhamni and their natural enemies, the mymarid Anagrus atomus and spiders (Araneae), and other hymenopteran parasitoids, were studied with different survey approaches. The infestations of both leafhoppers were lower in AM than PT due to the reduced leafhopper oviposition and higher nymph mortality in AM. This occurred although leafhopper egg parasitization by A. atomus was greater in PT than AM according to a density-dependent relationship with the leafhopper egg amount. Hymenopteran parasitoids other than A. atomus were the most abundant in AM, probably due to the higher availability of nectar and pollen than in PM. The significantly higher population densities of hunting spiders in AM than PT can be associated with the higher predation of leafhopper nymphs. Therefore, the study demonstrated that the alternate mowing of vineyard inter-rows enhances the abundance of natural enemies, such as spiders and hymenopteran parasitoids, and can contribute to grapevine leafhopper pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cargnus
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.F.K.M.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (P.Z.); (F.P.)
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Kiaeian Moosavi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.F.K.M.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (P.Z.); (F.P.)
| | - Davide Frizzera
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.F.K.M.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (P.Z.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Floreani
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.F.K.M.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (P.Z.); (F.P.)
| | - Pietro Zandigiacomo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.F.K.M.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (P.Z.); (F.P.)
| | - Giovanni Bigot
- Perleuve S.r.l., Via Isonzo 25/1, I-34071 Cormons, Italy;
| | - Davide Mosetti
- Independent Researcher, Via Cividale 55, I-34072 Gradisca d’Isonzo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Pavan
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.F.K.M.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (P.Z.); (F.P.)
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de Benedetta F, Gargiulo S, Miele F, Figlioli L, Innangi M, Audisio P, Nugnes F, Bernardo U. The spread of Carpophilus truncatus is on the razor's edge between an outbreak and a pest invasion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18841. [PMID: 36344625 PMCID: PMC9640586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, in southern Italy (Campania) there was an outbreak of a sap beetle infesting stored walnut fruits. A monitoring activity started to assess the spread and impact of the pest in walnut orchards and in warehouses, and an integrative characterization led to identify the beetle as Carpophilus truncatus. This species has been in Europe for a long time, rare and harmless until recently. We show also that this species is the same recently recorded in other two continents, Latin America and Australia, where it is causing massive damage on walnut and almond fruits. The sharing of a mitochondrial haplotype among populations recorded on three continents suggests that a worldwide invasion might be ongoing. A Geographic Profiling approach has determined that the more virulent population was first introduced in Italy, and the climate conditions of areas where C. truncatus is currently widespread and harmful indicate that the entire walnuts world production is in jeopardy as this species could adapt to any of the main walnut and almond production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia de Benedetta
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Fortuna Miele
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Laura Figlioli
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Michele Innangi
- grid.10373.360000000122055422Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, IS Italy
| | - Paolo Audisio
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via A. Borelli, 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
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An Integrative Study on Asphondylia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Causing Flower Galls on Lamiaceae, with Description, Phenology, and Associated Fungi of Two New Species. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110958. [PMID: 34821759 PMCID: PMC8619354 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An integrative study on some species of Asphondylia was carried out. Two species of gall midges from Italy, Asphondylia rivelloi sp. nov. and Asphondylia micromeriae sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), causing flower galls respectively on Clinopodium vulgare and Micromeria graeca (Lamiaceae), are described and illustrated. The characteristics of each developmental stage and induced galls are described, which allowed the discrimination of these new species in the complex of Asphondylia developing on Lamiaceae plants. Molecular data based on sequencing both nuclear (ITS2 and 28S-D2) and mitochondrial (COI) genes are also provided in support of this discrimination. Phylogeny based on nuclear markers is consistent with the new species, whereas COI phylogeny suggests introgression occurring between the two species. However, these species can also be easily identified using a morphological approach. Phenology of host plants and gall midges are described, and some peculiar characteristics allow the complete and confident discrimination and revision of the treated species. Gall-associated fungi were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea,Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp.
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Torres-Moreno R, Víctor J, Moya-Raygoza G. Morphological variation of the parasitic wasp Paracentrobia subflava (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) emerged from different leafhopper species. ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zanolli P, Annoscia D, Zanni V, Nazzi F, Pavan F. Behavioural Evidence and Chemical Identification of a Female Sex Pheromone in Anagrus atomus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:534-543. [PMID: 33860880 PMCID: PMC8217043 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anagrus atomus (L.) is an egg parasitoid involved in the biological control of Empoasca vitis (Göthe) in vineyards. Sex pheromones play a crucial role in mate finding for several parasitoid species and could be used for monitoring under field conditions. We carried out laboratory and field studies aimed at assessing the existence and identity of a possible A. atomus sex pheromone. We found that males were significantly attracted by virgin females independent of age. Males were not attracted to individuals of the same sex, but they were attracted by a crude extract from an unmated female and its polar fraction. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) was identified as the attractive substance and proved to be attractive not only in the olfactometer but also in another laboratory bioassay and under field conditions. Attraction of males, but not females, confirms that this is not an aggregation pheromone. This is the first sex-pheromone component identified in Mymaridae, however more compounds could be involved in the mating behaviour of A. atomus. The utility of a sex pheromone in A. atomus is discussed in the context of fitness returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Zanolli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Desiderato Annoscia
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Virginia Zanni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Nazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pavan
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Triapitsyn SV, Rugman-Jones PF, Tretiakov PS, Daane KM, Wilson H. Reassessment of molecular and morphological variation within the Anagrus atomus species complex (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): egg parasitoids of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Europe and North America. J NAT HIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1827073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter S. Tretiakov
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kent M. Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Houston Wilson
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Triapitsyn SV, Adachi-Hagimori T, Rugman-Jones PF, Kado N, Sawamura N, Narai Y. Egg parasitoids of Arboridia apicalis (Nawa, 1913) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), a leafhopper pest of grapevines in Japan, with description of a new species of Anagrus Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae). Zookeys 2020; 945:129-152. [PMID: 32714008 PMCID: PMC7351868 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.945.51865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae) of the leafhopper pest of grapevines in Japan, Arboridia (Arboridia) apicalis (Nawa) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), were reared and identified for the first time. Using a combination of genetic and morphological evidence, Anagrus (Anagrus) arboridiae Triapitsyn & Adachi-Hagimori, sp. nov. (Mymaridae) is described and illustrated from Honshu Island (Shimane Prefecture) and Kyushu Island (Miyazaki Prefecture). It is shown to be different from Anagrus (Anagrus) japonicus Sahad and A.flaviapex Chiappini & Lin, to which it is most similar; the latter species was originally described from China and is newly recorded here from Okinawa Island, Japan. Mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data provide clear evidence for the separation of A.arboridiae from A.flaviapex, A.japonicus, and some other members of the Anagrus (Anagrus) atomus (L.) species group. Two other species of Anagrus Haliday, A. (Anagrus) avalae Soyka and A.atomus, are also identified in Japan from eggs of the leafhoppers Edwardsianaishidae (Matsumura) and Eurhadina?betularia Anufriev, respectively. An updated key to females of the Japanese species of Anagrus is given. Oligositapallida Kryger (a new record for Japan), Oligosita sp., and an Aphelinoidea (Aphelinoidea) sp. (Trichogrammatidae) were the other, although much less abundant, apparent egg parasitoids of A.apicalis in Shimane Prefecture, mainly in non-organic vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei V Triapitsyn
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA University of California Riverside United States of America
| | - Tetsuya Adachi-Hagimori
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan
| | - Paul F Rugman-Jones
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA University of California Riverside United States of America
| | - Natsuko Kado
- Shimane Agricultural Technology Center, Izumo, Shimane, Japan Shimane Agricultural Technology Center Izumo Japan
| | - Nobuo Sawamura
- Shimane Agricultural Technology Center, Izumo, Shimane, Japan Shimane Agricultural Technology Center Izumo Japan
| | - Yutaka Narai
- Shimane Agricultural Technology Center, Izumo, Shimane, Japan Shimane Agricultural Technology Center Izumo Japan
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Parslow BA, Schwarz MP, Stevens MI. Molecular diversity and species delimitation in the family Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea). Genome 2020; 64:253-264. [PMID: 32413273 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gasteruptiidae Ashmead is an easily recognised family of wasps with ∼589 described species worldwide. Although well characterised by traditional taxonomy, multiple authors have commented on the extreme morphological uniformity of the group, making species-level identification difficult. This problem is enhanced by the lack of molecular data and molecular phylogenetic research for the group. We used 187 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes to explore the efficiency of sequence data to delimitate species in Gasteruptiidae. We undertook a graphical and discussion-based comparison of six methods for species delimitation, with the success of methods judged based on known species boundaries and morphology. Both distance-based (ABGD and jMOTU threshold analysis) and tree-based (GMYC and PTP) methods compared across multiple parameters recovered variable molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), ranging from 55 to 123 MOTUs. Tree-based methods tended to split known morphological species less than distance-based methods, with the single-threshold GMYC method the most concordant with known morphospecies. Our results suggest that the incorporation of molecular species delimitation techniques provides a powerful tool to assist in the interpretation of species and help direct informed decisions with taxonomic uncertainty in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Parslow
- Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.,Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael P Schwarz
- Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Mark I Stevens
- Biological and Earth Sciences, South Australian Museum, SA 5000, Australia.,University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, SA 5000, Australia
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Nugnes F, Laudonia S, Jesu G, Jansen MGM, Bernardo U, Porcelli F. Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Some European Countries: Diffusion, Hosts, Molecular Characterization, and Natural Enemies. INSECTS 2020; 11:E42. [PMID: 31936015 PMCID: PMC7022741 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
After the first record in 2008 in Southeast Italy, the alien invasive and quarantine pest Aleurocanthus spiniferus (orange spiny whitefly-OSW) has gradually spread throughout Europe, infesting several new host plants in addition to the known hosts. Molecular characterization of some Italian populations and a newly found Albanian population highlighted two different haplotypes invading Europe, belonging to one of the haplogroups previously recorded in China. A predator was recorded for the first time in several fields in Italy in association with OSW and other whitefly species. It was successively identified through a morpho-molecular characterization as a Nearctic member of the tribe Serangiini, the ladybird beetle, Delphastus catalinae. This predator represents a promising biocontrol agent to manage A. spiniferus outbreaks in Italy and other invaded countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nugnes
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefania Laudonia
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.L.); (G.J.)
| | - Giovanni Jesu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.L.); (G.J.)
| | | | - Umberto Bernardo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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