Applying flexible fuzzy numbers for evaluating service features in healthcare – patients and employees in the focus

Jointly Modeling Rating Responses and Times with Fuzzy Numbers: An Application to Psychometric Data

In several research areas, ratings data and response times have been successfully used to unfold the stagewise process through which human raters provide their responses to questionnaires and social surveys. A limitation of the standard approach to analyze this type of data is that it requires the use of independent statistical models. Although this provides an effective way to simplify the data analysis, it could potentially involve difficulties with regard to statistical inference and interpretation. In this sense, a joint analysis could be more effective. In this research article, we describe a way to jointly analyze ratings and response times by means of fuzzy numbers. A probabilistic tree model framework has been adopted to fuzzify ratings data and four-parameters triangular fuzzy numbers have been used in order to integrate crisp responses and times. Finally, a real case study on psychometric data is discussed in order to illustrate the proposed methodology. Overall, we provide initial findings to the problem of using fuzzy numbers as abstract models for representing ratings data with additional information (i.e., response times). The results indicate that using fuzzy numbers leads to theoretically sound and more parsimonious data analysis methods, which limit some statistical issues that may occur with standard data analysis procedures.