Chemical composition of leaf and root essential oils of Boenninghausenia albiflora Reichb. from northern India

Chemical compositions and biological activities of Serevenia buxifolia essential oil leaves cultivated in Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue)

Serevenia buxifolia is an evergreen citrus plant and has attracted considerable attention due to its bioactive components and biological activities. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) from S. buxifolia cultivated in Vietnam was demonstrated to exhibit the in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-hemolysis, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Briefly, the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the leaf EO of S. buxifolia was composed of 33 components, with the main constituents being β-carypphyllene (32.5%), and elixene (9.8%). The extracted oil possessed a fairly high free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with an IC₅₀ value of 190.7 μg/mL compared with positive control, α-tocopherol, IC₅₀ value of 42.6 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited thrombolytic activity: the percentage of inhibition was found to be 70.75% at 100 μL, in comparison with 87.2% for the positive control, streptokinase. For hemolytic activity, the percentage of inhibition of the EO was from 27.4% to 59.6% at concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL, respectively. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity indicated that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves effectively protects the heat-induced denaturation, with an IC₅₀ value of 40.25 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited antidiabetic potential, with IC₅₀ values of 87.8 and 134.9 μg/mL against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. It is noteworthy that the potent biological activities of the obtained S. buxifolia oil increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results achieved show that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves can be a potential source for oxidative stress, inflammatory, and diabetic management.

Essential Oils from Six Aromatic Plants of Langtang National Park: Insights on Their Chemical Constituents via GC-MS Analysis

The present work aims to provide an insight on the chemical constituents of essential oils obtained from six aromatic plants of the Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal. LNP harbors an enriched biodiversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). The composition of essential oils obtained from Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don, Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Besser, Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn., Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehder, Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don and Rhododendron setosum D. Don, were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils were extracted via the hydrodistillation method using the Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis showed that E-caryophyllene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, β-pinene and δ-cadinene in Rhododendron anthopogon; santolina-triene, β-cubebene and sabinene in Artemisia dubia; β-myrcene, β-cubebene, E-β-ocimene and bicyclogermacrene in Boenninghausenia albiflora; perillene, eucalyptol and β-pinene in Elsholtzia fruticosa; δ-3-carene, cadina-1(6),4-diene and δ-cadinene in Juniperus recurva; trans-sabinyl acetate, sabinene, α-elemol and germacrene D in Rhododendron setosum are the principal components. The major compounds in the essential oil were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, representing almost 80% to 90% of the total constituents of the essential oil. In comparison to the previous studies, the results showed a significant difference in the qualitative composition of the essential oil. This is also the first report on the study of chemical constituents from the essential oil of R. setosum. Despite hosting a plethora of MAPs, only a limited number of studies have been carried out to identify their chemical and biological properties. Hence, further investigations on the MAPs of the Langtang region are highly essential to identify the major chemical constituents and explore their biological activities.

VOC Profiles of Saliva in Assessment of Halitosis and Submandibular Abscesses Using HS-SPME-GC/MS Technique

Halitosis and submandibular abscesses are examples of mouth-related diseases with the possible bacterial origin. Salivary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potential biomarkers of them, once they can be addressed as metabolites of bacterial activity. Healthy patients (n = 15), subjects with submandibular abscesses located in fascial deep space (n = 10), and subjects with halitosis (n = 5) were enrolled in the study. Saliva samples were subjected to headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. A total number of 164 VOCs was detected by the developed methodology, 23 specific for halitosis and 41 for abscess. Halitosis’ profiles were characterized by a larger number of sulfur compounds, while for abscess they had a higher variety of alcohols, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons—biomarkers of inflammatory processes. Principal components analysis allowed visualization of clusters formed according to the evaluated conditions. Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that 39 VOCs presented differentiated responses between the studied groups, with statistical relevance (p < 0.05). Random forest was applied, and a prediction model based on eight VOCs (2-butanone, methyl thioacetate, 2-methylbutanoic acid, S-methyl pentanethioate, dimethyl tetrasulfide, indolizine, pentadecane, and octadecanal) provided 100% of sensitivity, 82% of specificity, and 91% of balanced accuracy, indicating the specific presence of submandibular abscess.