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Ding L, Chen Z, Lu Y, Su X. Global Analysis of 2-Hydroxy Fatty Acids by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Reveals Species-Specific Enrichment in Echinoderms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16362-16370. [PMID: 37862591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal levels of 2-hydroxy fatty acids (2-OH FAs) are characterized in multiple diseases, and their quantification in foodstuffs is critical to identify the sources of supplementation for potential treatment. However, due to the structural complexity and limited available standards, the comprehensive profiling of 2-OH FAs remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, an innovative approach based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed to determine the full profile of these FA metabolites. MS and MS/MS spectra of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of 2-OH fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were collected for peak annotation by their signature fragmentation patterns. The structures were further confirmed by validated structure-dependent retention time (RT) prediction models, taking advantage of the correlation between the RT, carbon chain length, and double bond number from commercial standards and pseudostandards identified in the whole-brain samples from mice. An in-house database containing 50 saturated and monounsaturated 2-OH FAs was established, which is expandible when additional molecular species with different chain lengths and backbone structures are identified in the future. A quantitation method was then developed by scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and applied to investigate the profiling of 2-OH FAs in echinoderms. Our results revealed that the levels of total 2-OH FAs in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas (8.40 ± 0.28 mg/g dry weight) and starfish Asterias amurensis (7.51 ± 0.18 mg/g dry weight) are much higher than that in sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus (531 ± 108 μg/g dry weight). Moreover, 2-OH C24:1 is the predominant molecular species accounting for 67.9% of the total 2-OH FA in sea cucumber, while 2-OH C16:0 is the major molecular species in starfish. In conclusion, the current innovative GC-MS approach has successfully characterized distinct molecular species of 2-OH FAs that are highly present in sea cucumbers and starfish. Thus, these findings suggest the possibility of developing future feeding strategies for preventing and treating diseases associated with 2-OH FA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhaozheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Muhsin MF, Fujaya Y, Hidayani AA, Fazhan H, Wan Mahari WA, Lam SS, Shu-Chien AC, Wang Y, Afiqah-Aleng N, Rukminasari N, Waiho K. Bridging the gap between sustainability and profitability: unveiling the untapped potential of sea cucumber viscera. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16252. [PMID: 37842055 PMCID: PMC10576502 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers have high economic value, and in most forms of trade, their body wall is typically the only part that is harvested and sold. The organs of the sea cucumber, collectively known as the viscera, are frequently discarded, contributing to land and water pollution. However, discarded sea cucumber viscera contain various nutrients that can be used in many applications. Therefore, this review highlights the biological and economic aspects of sea cucumbers, followed by a critical discussion of the nutritional value of their internal organs and possible applications, including as functional feed additives in the aquaculture industry, sources of natural testosterone for application in sex reversal and production of monosex population, of neuroprotective agents against central nervous system disorders and of cosmetic ingredients, especially for skin whitening and anti-ageing products. The review further highlights the valorisation potential of viscera to maximize their economic potential, thus providing an enormous prospect for reusing sea cucumber waste, thereby reducing the negative impact of the sea cucumber fishery sector on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fatratullah Muhsin
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Yushinta Fujaya
- Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fishery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Aliah Hidayani
- Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fishery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Hanafiah Fazhan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nor Afiqah-Aleng
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Nita Rukminasari
- Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fishery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Lin P, Shen N, Yin F, Guo SD. Sea cucumber-derived compounds for treatment of dyslipidemia: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1000315. [PMID: 36188620 PMCID: PMC9515789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are disorders of plasma levels of lipids, such as elevated levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, that are associated with various human diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Statins are the first-line drugs for treatment of dyslipidemia. However, a substantial proportion of patients cannot reach the recommended LDL-c level even with the highest tolerated doses of statins, and there is no available drug specifically for NAFLD therapy. Sea cucumbers are one of the widely distributed invertebrates, and are an important resource of food and medicine. Sea cucumbers have many valuable nutrients including saponins, fatty acids, phospholipids, cerebrosides, sulfated polysaccharides, as well as proteins and peptides. In recent years, these natural products derived from sea cucumbers have attracted attentions for treatment of CVD and NAFLD because of their lipid-lowering effect and low toxicity. However, the hypolipidemic mechanisms of action and the structure-activity relationship of these bioactive components have not been well-documented in literature. This review article summarizes the signaling pathways and the potential structure-activity relationship of sea cucumber-derived bioactive compounds including saponins, lipids, carbohydrates as well as peptides and proteins. This article will provide information useful for the development of sea cucumber-derived lipid-lowering compounds as well as for investigation of hypolipidemic compounds that are derived from other natural resources.
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Feng J, Zhang L, Tang X, Xia X, Hu W, Zhou P. Season and geography induced variation in sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) nutritional composition and gut microbiota. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sánchez-Solís MJ, Gullian-Klanian M, Toledo-López V, Lora-Vilchis MC. Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the sea cucumber isostichopus badionotus and holothuria floridana. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tamarit‐Pino Y, Batías‐Montes JM, Segura‐Ponce LA, Guzmán‐Meza MF, Quevedo‐León RA. Shelf‐life prediction and quality changes in dried Chilean sea cucumber (
Athyonidium chilensis
) during accelerated storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Prato E, Fanelli G, Parlapiano I, Biandolino F. Bioactive fatty acids in seafood from Ionian Sea and relation to dietary recommendations. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:693-705. [PMID: 31986928 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1719388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine lipid content, fatty acid composition and the recommended daily portion of 13 fish species, nine bivalves, six crustacean, three echinoderm and three cephalopod species, from the Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy). Fatty acids profile varied significantly among species (p < .05); polyunsaturated fatty acids represented an important proportion, with docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids in the highest amount. A high n3/n6 ratio was found in all species (from 1.0 in body wall of Holothuria polii and H. tubulosa to 10.9 in Mytilus galloprovincialis). The lipid nutritional quality indices (atherogenic index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic fatty acid ratio) showed crustaceans Parapaeneus longirostris, Plesionika martia, Melicertus kerathurus, Nephrops norvegicus, as likely to be more beneficial for the consumer health. This paper will be of practical value from a health perspective for populations who consume seafood and a powerful marketing tool for farmers.
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Tamarit-Pino Y, Batías-Montes JM, Segura-Ponce LA, Sandoval-Mendoza CA. Effect of Drying on Proximal Composition, Minerals, and Physical Properties of Chilean Sea Cucumber ( Athyonidium chilensis) in Different Seasons, Captured in the Los Lagos Region. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1626963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanara Tamarit-Pino
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
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9
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Pharmacological and chemical properties of some marine echinoderms. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Roggatz CC, González-Wangüemert M, Pereira H, Vizetto-Duarte C, Rodrigues MJ, Barreira L, da Silva MM, Varela J, Custódio L. A first glance into the nutritional properties of the sea cucumber Parastichopus regalis from the Mediterranean Sea (SE Spain). Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:116-120. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1331224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Roggatz
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Hugo Pereira
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - João Varela
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Tomasini E, Rodríguez DC, Gómez BA, de Faria DL, Landa CR, Siracusano G, Maier MS. A multi-analytical investigation of the materials and painting technique of a wall painting from the church of Copacabana de Andamarca (Bolivia). Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Roggatz CC, González-Wangüemert M, Pereira H, Rodrigues MJ, da Silva MM, Barreira L, Varela J, Custódio L. First report of the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of Holothuria arguinensis, a new resource for aquaculture in Europe. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:2034-40. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina C. Roggatz
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Hugo Pereira
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Manuela Moreira da Silva
- Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Wen J, Zeng L, Xu Y, Sun Y, Chen Z, Fan S. Proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of fish maws. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:214-7. [PMID: 26190023 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish maws are commonly recommended and consumed in Asia over many centuries because it is believed to have some traditional medical properties. This study highlights and provides new information on the proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of fish maws of Cynoscion acoupa, Congresox talabonoides and Sciades proops. The results indicated that fish maws were excellent protein sources and low in fat content. The proteins in fish maws were rich in functional amino acids (FAAs) and the ratio of FAAs and total amino acids in fish maws ranged from 0.68 to 0.69. Among species, croaker C. acoupa contained the most polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapntemacnioc acid, showing the lowest value of index of atherogenicity and index of thrombogenicity, showing the highest value of hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio, which is the most desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- a Department of Biology , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P.R. China
| | - Ling Zeng
- b Department of Chemistry , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P.R. China
| | - Youhou Xu
- c Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou University , Qinzhou 535000 , P.R. China
| | - Yulin Sun
- a Department of Biology , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P.R. China
| | - Ziming Chen
- b Department of Chemistry , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P.R. China
| | - Sigang Fan
- d Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences , Guangzhou 510300 , P.R. China
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Kurtz M, Capobianco E, Careaga V, Martinez N, Mazzucco MB, Maier M, Jawerbaum A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands regulate lipid content, metabolism, and composition in fetal lungs of diabetic rats. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:345-59. [PMID: 24389592 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes impairs fetal lung development. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors relevant in lipid homeostasis and lung development. This study aims to evaluate the effect of in vivo activation of PPARs on lipid homeostasis in fetal lungs of diabetic rats. To this end, we studied lipid concentrations, expression of lipid metabolizing enzymes and fatty acid composition in fetal lungs of control and diabetic rats i) after injections of the fetuses with Leukotriene B4 (LTB4, PPARα ligand) or 15deoxyΔ(12,14)prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2, PPARγ ligand) and ii) fed during pregnancy with 6% olive oil- or 6% safflower oil-supplemented diets, enriched with PPAR ligands were studied. Maternal diabetes increased triglyceride concentrations and decreased expression of lipid-oxidizing enzymes in fetal lungs of diabetic rats, an expression further decreased by LTB4 and partially restored by 15dPGJ2 in lungs of male fetuses in the diabetic group. In lungs of female fetuses in the diabetic group, maternal diets enriched with olive oil increased triglyceride concentrations and fatty acid synthase expression, while those enriched with safflower oil increased triglyceride concentrations and fatty acid transporter expression. Both olive oil- and safflower oil-supplemented diets decreased cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations and increased the expression of the reverse cholesterol transporter ATP-binding cassette A1 in fetal lungs of female fetuses of diabetic rats. In fetal lungs of control and diabetic rats, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with the maternal diets enriched with olive and safflower oils. Our results revealed important changes in lipid metabolism in fetal lungs of diabetic rats, and in the ability of PPAR ligands to modulate the composition of lipid species relevant in the lung during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurtz
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Gomes AR, Freitas AC, Rocha-Santos TAP, Duarte AC. Bioactive compounds derived from echinoderms. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first review paper devoted exclusively to natural compounds isolated from echinoderms with special emphasis on bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana C. Freitas
- ISEIT/Viseu
- Instituto Piaget
- Viseu, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM
- University of Aveiro
| | | | - Armando C. Duarte
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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