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Xia H, Dai Y, Zhao C, Zhang H, Shi Y, Lou H. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies for chemical analysis of Euodiae fructus: A review. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:5-29. [PMID: 36442477 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Euodiae fructus, also known as Evodiae fructus, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine derived from the dried, nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. G. Hartley. The main bioactive constituents of Euodiae fructus are alkaloids, limonoids, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. The contents of these compounds vary greatly between different plant species, geographic locations, and harvest times, which thus affect the therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVES We aimed to summarize the chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus. Moreover, we aimed to emphasize the diverse soft ionization techniques and mass analyzers of LC-MS methods for assessment of Euodiae fructus. METHODOLOGY A literature study was carried out by retrieving articles published between January 1988 and December 2021 from well-known databases, including PubMed, ASC, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, J·STAGE, Thieme, Taylor & Francis, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and CNKI. The chemical analysis methods were described in several categories in accordance with the used analytical techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and counter-current chromatography (CCC). RESULTS This review systematically summarizes the achievements in chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus published in over three decades, covering the various chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for identification and quantification of phytochemical constituents. CONCLUSION The summary serves as an important basis for future phytochemical research and implementation of quality control methods in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of Euodiae fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dai
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- The People's Republic of China Taian Customs, Taian, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Educational of Minister, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhang M, He X, Luan Z, Ning J, Tian X, Yu Z, Feng L, Li D, Wang C, Ma X. Unusual terpenoids from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and their activation on the farnesoid X receptor. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104325. [PMID: 33254425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Evolides A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and characterized by various spectroscopic data analyses (NMR, HRESIMS, ECD, and X-ray crystallography) and were thought to be new unusual terpenoids possessing lactone groups. An in vitro bioassay showed that compound 1 exhibited a significant activation effect on the farnesoid X receptor (EC50 0.73 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Luan
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, People's Republic of China.
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Simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus Herbal Pair by Using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and UHPLC-DAD. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204782. [PMID: 33081031 PMCID: PMC7587604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbal pair of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula used for treating gastro-intestinal disorders. In this study, we established a systematic method for chemical profiling and quantification analysis of the major constituents in the CR-EF herbal pair. A method of ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) for qualitative analysis was developed. Sixty-five compounds, including alkaloids, phenolics, and limonoids, were identified or tentatively assigned by comparison with reference standards or literature data. The UHPLC fingerprints of 19 batches of the CR-EF herbal pair samples were obtained and the reference fingerprint chromatograms were established. Furthermore, nine compounds among 24 common peaks of fingerprints were considered as marker components, which either had high contents or significant bioactivities, were applied to quality control of the CR-EF herbal pair by quantitative analysis. This UHPLC-DAD analysis method was validated by precision, linearity, repeatability, stability, recovery, and so on. The method was simple and sensitive, and thus reliable for quantitative and chemical fingerprint analysis for the quality evaluation and control of the CR-EF herbal pair and related traditional Chinese medicines.
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Li DW, Zhang M, Feng L, Huang SS, Zhang BJ, Liu SS, Deng S, Wang C, Ma XC, Leng AJ. Alkaloids from the nearly ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and their bioactivities. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Xin X, Shao B, Li Y, Liu S, Li D, Wang C, Chen L, Jin L, Ma X, Wu G. New chemical constituents from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1673-1678. [PMID: 32820668 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1808639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new γ-lactone derivatives, evodinoids A (1) and B (2), along with a new essential oil (3) were isolated from the nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. The structures of these isolations were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and ECD data analysis. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of compounds 1-3 was evaluated against human cancer cells A498, A549, HepG-2, MCF-7 and SHSY-5Y, which displayed no significant cytotoxicity (IC50 > 100 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Xin
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Zhendong Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co. Ltd, Changzhi, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dawei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Jin
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoyu Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Ma C, Liu X, Shan Y, Xu S, Feng X, Wang QZ. A new quinolone alkaloid from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:222-227. [PMID: 31273999 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1624954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rare new quinolone alkaloid containing three degrees of unsaturation in the side chain, named as 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-pentadecatriene]-4(1H)-quinolone (1), together with three known quinolone alkaloids 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z)-6,9-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (2), 1-methyl-2-[(4Z,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (3), 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-8-tridecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (4), were isolated from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines, including Lovo, MDA-MB-231, HeLa cells, by MTT method in 96-well microplates, and compounds 1 exhibited potent activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 7.95 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shan
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Xu
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Zhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Zhao Z, He X, Han W, Chen X, Liu P, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhang L, Wu S, Zheng X. Genus Tetradium L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:337-354. [PMID: 30472402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum is frequently utilized as a common traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. It has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases such as headache, menorrhalgia, dermatophytosis, celialgia, emesis and aphtha and so on. AIM OF THIS REVIEW Despite the wide biological activities of Tetradium plants, there is no current review summarizing medicinal properties of the genus of plants; thus, this review aims to systematically summarize studies on botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemical ingredients, quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities and toxicity of Tetradium species to demonstrate their therapeutic capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information and materials related to Tetradium species were obtained from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Wikipedia, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, SciFinder. Information was also gathered from International Plant Names Index, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Traditional Chinese Medicine classics, etc. All studies of this genus were included in this review until July 2018. RESULTS Tetradium is widely assessed regarding its phytochemistry and biological activities. Approximately 131 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, saponins, phenols and other compounds, have been isolated from Tetradium plants. Among these components, alkaloid evodiamine is the most representative active ingredients of Tetradium plants. These compounds isolated from Tetradium plants exhibit a wide range of biological activities in vitro and in vivo including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, insecticide, cardioprotective and lipid-lowering, treating CNS disorders, digestive system regulation and endocrine system improving activities. Furthermore, alkaloids could be used as markers for quality identification and evaluation of medicinal materials and their preparations. Information on evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of Tetradium often focuses on the alkaloids, thus further study and clinical data are required to enable the drug safety of the utilization of Tetradium plants. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Tetradium plants have proved Tetradium plants are important medicinal herb resource. However, well-designed randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm the therapeutic benefits of this genus in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Peiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Liu SS, Dai YT, Sui F, Chen LM, Yan LH, Zhang QW, Wang ZM. Flavonol glycosides from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:867-874. [PMID: 29110534 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1399881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new flavonol glycosides, limocitrin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and limocitrin 3-O[2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with eight known analogs (3-10), were isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical evidences. Meanwhile, Nrf2 inducing abilities of seven isolated compounds were evaluated, and compounds 1, 2, 6, 7, and 8 exhibited moderate effect on Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Liu
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
- b National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Yun-Tao Dai
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Feng Sui
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Liang-Mian Chen
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
- b National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Li-Hua Yan
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
- b National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
- b National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- a Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
- b National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines , Beijing 100700 , China
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Stability Study and Identification of Degradation Products of Caffeoylgluconic Acid Derivatives from Fructus Euodiae. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081975. [PMID: 30096766 PMCID: PMC6222684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylgluconic acid derivatives are characteristic constituents isolated from the aqueous extract of Fructus Euodiae. In this research focusing on caffeoylgluconic acid derivatives, trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-gluconic acid (CGA), trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-gluconic acid methyl ester (CGA-ME), and trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-glucono-γ-lactone (CGA-LT), a systematic study of stability was performed under different temperatures and pH levels by ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector/electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD/ESI-Q-TOF MS). From the concentration–time curves and sensitivity index (SeI), it was found that compared to CGA, which is inert to the variation of temperature and pH in the tested range, CGA-ME and CGA-LT were more sensitive, with stabilities more likely to be influenced by temperature. Considering the stability index (StI), the integrated stability of CGA was the best, and that of CGA-ME was the worst. In terms of the quasi-molecular and fragment ions of the tested compounds, the degradation products were identified or tentatively characterized, which could shed light on the degradation pathways. CGA-ME and CGA-LT were easily converted to CGA by hydrolytic reaction, all of which were susceptible to the formation of isomers. This study elucidated the degradation mechanism of caffeoylgluconic acid derivatives, contributing to better guidance on manufacturing and controlling the quality of drugs.
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He W, Jiang Y, Zhao MB, Zeng KW, Tu PF. Ruticarpsides A-C, three new ester glycosides from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:659-665. [PMID: 28276762 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1278366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our ongoing phytochemical investigation on the n-butanol extract of the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (Rutaceae), three new compounds, ruticarpsides A-C (1-3), were obtained and their structures were elucidated by a comprehensive analysis of NMR and MS data. Compound 3 showed a weak inhibition effect on nitric oxide production in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Yong Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Ming-Bo Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
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Abstract
One new indole alkaloid (1) and one new indole alkaloidal glycoside (2), together with nine known alkaloids (3-11), were isolated from the leaves of Evodia rutaecarpa. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compound 4 exhibited potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an MIC value of 7.13 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xia
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Huan Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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