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Hamza A, Mylarapu A, Krishna KV, Kumar DS. An insight into the nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms: A natural treasury for human health. J Biotechnol 2024; 381:86-99. [PMID: 38181980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have been cherished worldwide because of their nutraceutical and medicinal properties. They are recognized as the new superfood for the future due to their low-calorie content, high-protein content, low lipid levels, low cholesterol levels, and abundance of essential vitamins. The fruiting body of edible mushrooms contains a plethora of primary and secondary metabolites. However, submerged cultivation is a more reliable and controlled way of production of mycelium biomass and many bioactive compounds. Several bioactive metabolites present in mushrooms possess a range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-COVID-19 activities. Consumers have turned more intrigued in mushroom-containing products as the world needs to diversify its protein sources to meet the growing demand for protein. In this context, mushrooms are viewed as a promising source of bioactive chemicals that can be employed as an alternative to meat products. This review aims to summarise the most recent data regarding the beneficial health effects and the development of mushroom-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Hamza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ankit Mylarapu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Vijay Krishna
- Department of Computer Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Devarai Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Hamza A, Ghanekar S, Santhosh Kumar D. Current trends in health-promoting potential and biomaterial applications of edible mushrooms for human wellness. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Selenium-Containing Exopolysaccharides Isolated from the Culture Medium of Lentinula edodes: Structure and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313039. [PMID: 34884845 PMCID: PMC8657480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our research on the influence of selenium incorporation on the biosynthesis, structure, and immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides of fungal origin, we have isolated from a post-culture medium of Lentinula edodes a selenium (Se)-containing exopolysaccharide fraction composed mainly of a highly branched 1-6-α-mannoprotein of molecular weight 4.5 × 106 Da, with 15% protein component. The structure of this fraction resembled mannoproteins isolated from yeast and other mushroom cultures, but it was characterized by a significantly higher molecular weight. X-ray absorption fine structure spectral analysis in the near edge region (XANES) suggested that selenium in the Se-exopolysaccharide structure was present mainly at the IV oxidation state. The simulation analysis in the EXAFS region suggested the presence of two oxygen atoms in the region surrounding the selenium. On the grounds of our previous studies, we hypothesized that selenium-enriched exopolysaccharides would possess higher biological activity than the non-Se-enriched reference fraction. To perform structure-activity studies, we conducted the same tests of biological activity as for previously obtained mycelial Se-polyglucans. The Se-enriched exopolysaccharide fraction significantly enhanced cell viability when incubated with normal (human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)) cells (but this effect was absent for malignant human cervical HeLa cells) and this fraction also protected the cells from oxidative stress conditions. The results of tests on the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggested a selective immunosuppressive activity, like previously tested Se-polyglucans isolated from L. edodes mycelium. The Se-exopolysaccharide fraction, in concentrations of 10-100 µg/mL, inhibited human T lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens, without significant effects on B lymphocytes. As with previously obtained Se-polyglucans, in the currently tested Se-polymannans, the selenium content increased the biological activity. However, the activity of selenium exopolysaccharides in all tests was significantly lower than that of previously tested mycelial isolates, most likely due to a different mode of selenium binding and its higher degree of oxidation.
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Sheng K, Wang C, Chen B, Kang M, Wang M, Liu K, Wang M. Recent advances in polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes (Berk.): Isolation, structures and bioactivities. Food Chem 2021; 358:129883. [PMID: 33940295 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lentinus edodes, an important edible mushroom cultivated in East Asia for thousands of years, has been widely used as food and medicinal ingredient worldwide. Modern phytochemistry studies have demonstrated that L. edodes is very rich in bioactive polysaccharides, especially the β-glucans. Over the past two decades, the isolation, chemical properties, and bioactivities of polysaccharides from fruiting bodies, mycelium and fermentation broth of L. edodes have been drawing much attention from scholars around the world. It has been demonstrated that L. edodes polysaccharides possess various remarkable biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-inflammation, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and hepatoprotection effects. This review summarizes the recent development of polysaccharides from L. edodes including the isolation methods, structural features, bioactivities and mechanisms, and their structure-activity relationship, which can provide useful research underpinnings and update information for their further application as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjia Sheng
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Bitao Chen
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Meijuan Kang
- Library of Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Minchang Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Liu M, Zhang W, Yao J, Niu J. Production, purification, characterization, and biological properties of Rhodosporidium paludigenum polysaccharide. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246148. [PMID: 33513164 PMCID: PMC7845956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield of marine red yeast polysaccharide (MRYP) obtained from Rhodosporidium paludigenum was increased by optimizing fermentation conditions, and the pure polysaccharide was extracted by column chromatography. The molecular weight of pure MRYP and the ratio of mannose to glucose in components of MRYP were determined. Antioxidant and antibacterial abilities of MRYP were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The optimal fermentation parameters were as follows: Medium 4, pH = 6.72, temperature = 30.18°C, blades speed = 461.36 r/min; the optimized yield reached 4323.90 mg/L, which was 1.31 times the original yield. The sequence of factors that affected the MRYP yield was the blades speed>pH>temperature. The main components of MRYP were MYH-1 and MYH-2. The molecular weights of MYH-1 and MYH-2 were 246.92 kDa and 21.88 kDa, respectively; they accounted for 53.60% and 28.75% of total polysaccharide. In MYH-1 and MYH-2, the proportion of glucose and mannose accounted for 46.94%, 38.46%, and 67.10%, 7.17%, respectively. In vitro, the ability of scavenging DPPH•, •OH, and •O2− radical was 32.26%, 24.34%, and 22.09%; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRYP was 480 μg/mg. In vivo, MRYP improved the lambs’ body weight, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the number of probiotics, but it reduced the feed/gain (F/G) ratio and the number of pathogenic bacteria in 60-days-old lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - WenJu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junli Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Valasques Junior GL, Boffo EF, Santos JDG, Brandão HN, Mascarenhas AJS, Cruz FT, Assis SA. The extraction and characterisation of a polysaccharide from Moniliophthora perniciosa CCMB 0257. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:1647-1654. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1285302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gildomar L. Valasques Junior
- Departamento de Saúde, Laboratório de Enzimologia e Tecnologia de Fermentação, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Brazil
| | - Elisangela F. Boffo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Jener David G. Santos
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Bahia, Brasil
| | - Hugo Neves Brandão
- Departamento de Saúde, Laboratório de Bioprospecção Vegetal (LABIV), Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Brazil
| | - Artur J. S. Mascarenhas
- Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Fernanda T. Cruz
- Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Sandra A. Assis
- Departamento de Saúde, Laboratório de Enzimologia e Tecnologia de Fermentação, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Brazil
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Zhang Y, Mei H, Shan W, Shi L, Chang X, Zhu Y, Chen F, Han X. Lentinan protects pancreatic β cells from STZ-induced damage. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1803-12. [PMID: 27444655 PMCID: PMC5020630 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β‐cell death or dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress underlies the development and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we evaluated the effect of lentinan (LNT), an active ingredient purified from the bodies of Lentinus edodes, on pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis and dysfunction caused by streptozotocin (STZ) and the possible mechanisms implicated. The rat insulinoma cell line INS‐1 were pre‐treated with the indicated concentration of LNT for 30 min. and then incubated for 24 hrs with or without 0.5 mM STZ. We found that STZ treatment causes apoptosis of INS‐1 cells by enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide release and activation of the c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. However, LNT significantly increased cell viability and effectively attenuated STZ‐induced ROS production, iNOS expression and nitric oxide release and the activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, LNT dose‐dependently prevented STZ‐induced inhibition of insulin synthesis by blocking the activation of nuclear factor kappa beta and increasing the level of Pdx‐1 in INS‐1 cells. Together these findings suggest that LNT could protect against pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis and dysfunction caused by STZ and therefore may be a potential pharmacological agent for preventing pancreatic β‐cell damage caused by oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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