A new cycloartane triterpene glycoside from Souliea vaginata

Chemical compositions of Souliea vaginata (Maxim) Franch rhizome and their potential therapeutic effects on collagen-induced arthritis in rats

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVEVANCE

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a global prevalent chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease and acceptable safety drugs are lack for its treatment. The rhizomes of Souliea vaginata (Maxim) Franch (SV) possess anti-inflammatory functions and are used as substitution of Coptis chinensis Franch. SV is also traditional Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine for the treatment of conjunctivitis, enteritis and rheumatic. For searching complementary and alternative anti-RA drugs, it is necessary to characterize the potential anti-arthritic activity of SV and underlying mechanism involved.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study was to test the chemical compositions, evaluate the anti-arthritic effects and underlying mechanisms of SV.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The chemical compositions of SV were analyzed using liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF). From day 11 to day 31, SV (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg body weight) and Tripterygium glycosidorum (TG, 10 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to the CIA model rats once a day. Thickness of paw and body weights were measured once every two days from day 1 to day 31. Histopathological changes were measured using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Effects of SV on the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in serum of CIA rats were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells populations were measured using flow cytometric analysis. To evaluate the possible hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea (UREA) and creatinine (CREA) in CIA rats were also tested using blood auto analyzer.

RESULTS

34 compounds were identified from SV based on LCMS-IT-TOF, and triterpenoids are major anti-arthritic compositions. SV significantly relieved CIA rats' paw swelling without obvious influence on the body weight growth. SV decreased the serum levels of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ in CIA rat, and increased the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10. SV significantly increased and decreased the percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺, with no significant effects on CD3⁺ in lymphocytes of CIA model rats. Moreover, SV simultaneously decreased thymus and spleen indexes and no hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity was observed after short-term treatment.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that SV possesses preventive and therapeutic effect on RA by modulating the inflammatory cytokines, T-lymphocyte, thymus and spleen indexes and shows no hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Soulieoside U, a new cycloartane triterpene glycoside from Actaea vaginata

One new cycloartane triterpene bisdesmoside, soulieoside U, was isolated from the rhizomes of Actaea vaginata. Its structure was elucidated by extensive analysis of the NMR and MS data. Soulieoside U was evaluated for cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines.

A new cycloartane triterpene bisdesmoside from the rhizomes of Actaea vaginata

A new cycloartane triterpene bisdesmoside, soulieoside T (1), and one known compound, oleanolic acid (2), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Actaea vaginata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with data reported in the literature. Compound 1 was evaluated for cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines.

Discovery and synthesis of novel beesioside I derivatives with potent anti-HIV activity

In this study, 12 known cycloartane triterpenoids (1-12) with four different skeletons isolated from the roots of Souliea vaginata were screened for the first time for in vitro anti-HIV activity using AZT as a standard. Among the compounds, beesioside I (1) showed the highest potency against HIV-1NL4-3 with an EC50 value of 2.32 μM (CC50 > 40 μM). Preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on 1 indicated that simple modification of its aglycone (13) could significantly influence the antiviral activity. Particularly, the introduction of an acyl group at the C-3 position of 13 led to significant improvement in both anti-HIV potency and selectivity index. Among all synthetically modified derivatives, compound 13g was the most potent compound with an EC50 value of 0.025 μM and TI value greater than 800, comparable to those of 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)-betulinic acid (DSB, bevirimat). Other analogues exhibited strong to weak inhibition of HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells. The length, carboxylic terminus, and C-3' dimethyl substitution of the C-3 side chain substantially affected the anti-HIV activity. Finally, compound 13g was an effective agent against HIV with high potential for further investigation.

Soulieoside O, a new cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycoside from Souliea vaginata

A new cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycoside, soulieoside O (1), together with 25-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (2) and cimigenol-3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (3), was isolated from the rhizomes of Souliea vaginata. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The new compound showed moderate inhibitory activity against three human cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 9.3-22.5 μM.

A Novel Cycloartane Triterpenoid Bisdesmoside from Actaea vaginata

A new cycloartane triterpenoid bisdesmoside, soulieoside S (1), was isolated from the ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Actaea vaginata. The structure was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D- and 2D NMR and HRESIMS, as well as chemical methods. Compound 1 was evaluated for its cytotoxic activities against HepG2, MDA-MB231 and A549 cancer cell lines.

A new cycloartane triterpenoid glycoside from Souliea vaginata

One new cycloartane triterpenoid glycoside, soulieoside Q (1), together with four known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Souliea vaginata Maxim. The structure of the new compound was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS, as well as chemical methods. Compound 1 was evaluated for its cytotoxic activities against HepG2 and A549 cancer cell lines.