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Conrado R, Gomes TC, Roque GSC, De Souza AO. Overview of Bioactive Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Compounds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1604. [PMID: 36421247 PMCID: PMC9687038 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are known as important sources of natural compounds that have been studied and applied for different purposes in distinct areas. Specifically, in the pharmaceutical area, fungi have been explored mainly as sources of antibiotics, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitors, hypercholesteremic, antineoplastic/antitumor, immunomodulators, and immunosuppressants agents. However, historically, the high demand for new antimicrobial and antitumor agents has not been sufficiently attended by the drug discovery process, highlighting the relevance of intensifying studies to reach sustainable employment of the huge world biodiversity, including the microorganisms. Therefore, this review describes the main approaches and tools applied in the search for bioactive secondary metabolites, as well as presents several examples of compounds produced by different fungi species with proven pharmacological effects and additional examples of fungal cytotoxic and antimicrobial molecules. The review does not cover all fungal secondary metabolites already described; however, it presents some reports that can be useful at any phase of the drug discovery process, mainly for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Olívia De Souza
- Development and Innovation Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
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Deshmukh SK, Dufossé L, Chhipa H, Saxena S, Mahajan GB, Gupta MK. Fungal Endophytes: A Potential Source of Antibacterial Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:164. [PMID: 35205918 PMCID: PMC8877021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a burning issue due to the frequent use of antibiotics for curing common bacterial infections, indicating that we are running out of effective antibiotics. This has been more obvious during recent corona pandemics. Similarly, enhancement of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is strengthening the pathogenicity and virulence of infectious microbes. Endophytes have shown expression of various new many bioactive compounds with significant biological activities. Specifically, in endophytic fungi, bioactive metabolites with unique skeletons have been identified which could be helpful in the prevention of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The major classes of metabolites reported include anthraquinone, sesquiterpenoid, chromone, xanthone, phenols, quinones, quinolone, piperazine, coumarins and cyclic peptides. In the present review, we reported 451 bioactive metabolites isolated from various groups of endophytic fungi from January 2015 to April 2021 along with their antibacterial profiling, chemical structures and mode of action. In addition, we also discussed various methods including epigenetic modifications, co-culture, and OSMAC to induce silent gene clusters for the production of noble bioactive compounds in endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Deshmukh
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, Delhi, India
- Agpharm Bioinnovations LLP, Incubatee: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO Lab) & ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, 97744 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hemraj Chhipa
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture University Kota, Jhalawar 322360, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Agpharm Bioinnovations LLP, Incubatee: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Girish B Mahajan
- HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400086, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Kumar Gupta
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India
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3
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Song HM, Zhao LX, Zhang SQ, Ye T, Fu Y, Ye F. Design, Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship, Molecular Docking, and Herbicidal Evaluation of 2-Cinnamoyl-3-Hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one Derivatives as Novel 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12621-12633. [PMID: 34677970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamic acid, isolated from cinnamon bark, is a natural product with excellent bioactivity, and it effectively binds with cyclohexanedione to form novel 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors. According to the active sub-structure combination principle, a series of novel 3-hydroxy-2-cinnamoyl-2-en-1-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. The title compounds were characterized by infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The in vitro inhibitory activity of AtHPPD verified that compound II-13 showed the most activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.180 μM, which was superior to that of mesotrione (0.206 μM) in vitro. The preliminary herbicidal activity tests demonstrated that some compounds had good herbicidal activity especially compound II-13 at a concentration of 150 g ai/ha. The binding mode of AtHPPD through molecular docking indicated that two oxygens of compounds II-13 formed bidentate interactions with metal ions, and the benzene ring formed π-π accumulation effects with Phe-381 and Phe-424. The results of molecular dynamics simulations showed that compound II-13 exhibited a more stable binding ability with AtHPPD than mesotrione. This study provided insights into the development of natural and efficient herbicides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Min Song
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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4
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Hu Z, Gopal JV, Liu L, Gao Z. Tyrosine and terezine derivatives from the marine-sponge-derived fungus Phoma herbarum YG5839. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4003-4008. [PMID: 33719740 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1892671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new tyrosine derivative (1), and two new terezine derivatives (2 and 3) were discovered from a marine-sponge-derived fungus Phoma herbarum YG5839. Those compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, and antifungal activities were conducted against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Penicillium italicum, Colletotrictum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum musae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhizeng Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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5
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Zheng R, Li S, Zhang X, Zhao C. Biological Activities of Some New Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Endophytic Fungi: A Review Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:959. [PMID: 33478038 PMCID: PMC7835970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites isolated from plant endophytic fungi have been getting more and more attention. Some secondary metabolites exhibit high biological activities, hence, they have potential to be used for promising lead compounds in drug discovery. In this review, a total of 134 journal articles (from 2017 to 2019) were reviewed and the chemical structures of 449 new metabolites, including polyketides, terpenoids, steroids and so on, were summarized. Besides, various biological activities and structure-activity relationship of some compounds were aslo described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changqi Zhao
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, 19 XinjiekouWai Avenue, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
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6
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Costa D, Tavares RM, Baptista P, Lino-Neto T. Cork Oak Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E287. [PMID: 33202643 PMCID: PMC7711870 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in cork oak diseases caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Diplodia corticola has been reported in the last decade. Due to the high socio-economic and ecologic importance of this plant species in the Mediterranean Basin, the search for preventive or treatment measures to control these diseases is an urgent need. Fungal endophytes were recovered from cork oak trees with different disease severity levels, using culture-dependent methods. The results showed a higher number of potential pathogens than beneficial fungi such as cork oak endophytes, even in healthy plants. The antagonist potential of a selection of eight cork oak fungal endophytes was tested against B. mediterranea and D. corticola by dual-plate assays. The tested endophytes were more efficient in inhibiting D. corticola than B. mediterranea growth, but Simplicillium aogashimaense, Fimetariella rabenhorstii, Chaetomium sp. and Alternaria alternata revealed a high potential to inhibit the growth of both. Simplicillium aogashimaense caused macroscopic and microscopic mycelial/hyphal deformations and presented promising results in controlling both phytopathogens' growth in vitro. The evaluation of the antagonistic potential of non-volatile and volatile compounds also revealed that A. alternata compounds could be further explored for inhibiting both pathogens. These findings provide valuable knowledge that can be further explored in in vivo assays to find a suitable biocontrol agent for these cork oak diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Costa
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (D.C.); (R.M.T.)
| | - Rui M. Tavares
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (D.C.); (R.M.T.)
| | - Paula Baptista
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Teresa Lino-Neto
- BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (D.C.); (R.M.T.)
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7
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Ruwizhi N, Aderibigbe BA. Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165712. [PMID: 32784935 PMCID: PMC7460980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role played by cinnamic acid derivatives in treating cancer, bacterial infections, diabetes and neurological disorders, among many, has been reported. Cinnamic acid is obtained from cinnamon bark. Its structure is composed of a benzene ring, an alkene double bond and an acrylic acid functional group making it possible to modify the aforementioned functionalities with a variety of compounds resulting in bioactive agents with enhanced efficacy. The nature of the substituents incorporated into cinnamic acid has been found to play a huge role in either enhancing or decreasing the biological efficacy of the synthesized cinnamic acid derivatives. Some of the derivatives have been reported to be more effective when compared to the standard drugs used to treat chronic or infectious diseases in vitro, thus making them very promising therapeutic agents. Compound 20 displayed potent anti-TB activity, compound 27 exhibited significant antibacterial activity on S. aureus strain of bacteria and compounds with potent antimalarial activity are 35a, 35g, 35i, 36i, and 36b. Furthermore, compounds 43d, 44o, 55g–55p, 59e, 59g displayed potent anticancer activity and compounds 86f–h were active against both hAChE and hBuChE. This review will expound on the recent advances on cinnamic acid derivatives and their biological efficacy.
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Gao S, Tian WJ, Liao ZJ, Wang GH, Zeng DQ, Liu XZ, Wang XY, Zhou H, Chen HF, Lin T. Chemical Constituents from Endophytic Fungus Annulohypoxylon cf. stygium in Leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000424. [PMID: 32672903 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation on endophytic fungus Annulohypoxylon cf. stygium in leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. has been performed. Sixteen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as (-)-notoamide A, (-)-notoamide B, (+)-versicolamide B, notoamide C, notoamide D, stephacidin A, sterigmatocystin, dihydrosterigmatocystin, secosterigmatocystin, versiconol, averufanin, kipukasin D, kipukasin E, diorcinal, palmarumycin CP2 and (-)-(3R)-mellein methyl ether, respectively, by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. All the compounds were isolated from Annulohypoxylon genus for the first time. Sterigmatocystin and palmarumycin CP2 showed selective cytotoxic activities against HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7 and HT-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zu-Jian Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - De-Quan Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Bioprospecting of Bioactive Metabolites from Monochaetia karstenii. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Zhang J, Liang JH, Zhao JC, Wang YL, Dong PP, Liu XG, Zhang TY, Wu YY, Shang DJ, Zhang YX, Sun CP. Xylarianins A-D from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. SYPF 8246 as natural inhibitors of human carboxylesterase 2. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:350-355. [PMID: 30193143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen secondary metabolites were isolated from the fermentation broth of the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. SYPF 8246, including four new compounds, xylarianins A-D (1-4), three new natural products, 6-methoxycarbonyl-2'-methyl-3,5,4',6'-tetramethoxy-diphenyl ether (5), 2-chlor-6-methoxycarbonyl-2'-rnethyl-3,5,4',6'-tetramethoxy-diphenyl ether (6), and 2-chlor-4'-hydroxy-6-methoxy carbonyl-2'-methyl-3,5,6'-trimethoxy-diphenyl ether (7), and eleven known compounds (8-18). Their structural elucidations were conducted by using 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra analyses. The integrated 1H and 13C NMR data of three new natural products 5-7 were reported for the first time. All the isolated compounds were assayed for their inhibitory activities against human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE 2). Compounds 1, 5-9, and 18 displayed significant inhibitory activities against hCE 2 with IC50 values of 10.43 ± 0.51, 6.69 ± 0.85, 12.36 ± 1.27, 18.25 ± 1.78, 29.78 ± 0.48, 18.86 ± 1.87, and 20.72 ± 1.51 µM, respectively. The interactions between compounds 1 and 5 with hCE 2 were anaylzed by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jia-Hao Liang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jian-Chao Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Pei-Pei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - De-Jing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Kong Z, Jing R, Wu Y, Guo Y, Geng Y, Ji J, Qin L, Zheng C. Trichodermadiones A and B from the solid culture of Trichoderma atroviride S361, an endophytic fungus in Cephalotaxus fortunei. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:362-366. [PMID: 29626624 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation on the solid rice culture of Trichoderma atroviride S361, an endophyte isolated from Cephalotaxus fortunei, has afforded a pair of novel N-furanone amide enantiomers, (-)-trichodermadione A (1a) and (+)-trichodermadione A (1b), and a new cyclohexenone sesquiterpenoid, trichodermadione B (2), together with six known secondary metabolites. Chiral separation of compound 1 was successfully performed on a Lux Cellulose-2 column. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses on the basis of NMR, HRMS, and ECD data, and the absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by computational analyses of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and Snatzke's method. Compounds 1a, 1b and 2 were also evaluated for their cytotoxicity against DU145 and PC3 cell lines, as well as inhibitory effects against the production of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Kong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanbin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yaoli Guo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yiya Geng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiachen Ji
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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