A new oxo-sterol derivative from the rhizomes of Costus speciosus

A new iridoid from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones with α-glucosidase activity

One new iridoid namely rupesin F (1) together with four known ones (2-5) were isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. The structures were established using spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR including HSQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY) and by comparison with previously published literature data. The isolated compounds 1 and 3 exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 values of 10.13 ± 0.11 and 9.13 ± 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. This study enriched the chemical diversity of metabolites and provides a direction for the development of antidiabetic agents.

Valeriana jatamansi: Bioactive Compounds and their Medicinal Uses

Valeriana jatamansi is a reputed perennial medicinal herb distributed throughout the world, where it is used in cytotoxicity, neuronal problems, insomnia, leishmania and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, antioxidant, antiviral and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. This review describes the current state of chemical characterization of isolated metabolites, which are well accepted for the treatment of various ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. This comprehensive review covers previously published research articles and reviews up to 2023 with an emphasis on the structural characterization of isolated bioactive compounds using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, the present review also focuses on the detailed medicinal and pharmacological properties of isolated compounds from this threatened herb.

Synthesis, characterization and preliminary biological evaluation of chrysin amino acid derivatives that induce apoptosis and EGFR downregulation

Chrysin amino acid derivatives were synthesized to evaluate for their antiproliferative activities. Among them, N-(7-((5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)valeryl)-L-leucine (8c) displayed the most remarkable inhibitory activities against MCF-7 cells with IC₅₀ values of 16.6 μM. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that 8c could inhibit the colony formation and migration of MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that 8c mediated cell apoptosis and the prolongation of cell cycle progression in G1/S-phase against MCF-7 cells. Besides, 8c displayed the moderate inhibition against EGFR. Western blot assay suggested that 8c significantly inhibited EGFR phosphorylation. Molecular docking showed that 8c can bind the EGFR kinase well.

Comparative metabolic profiling of Costus speciosus leaves and rhizomes using NMR, GC-MS and UPLC/ESI-MS/MS

Costus speciosus had been used in oriental systems of medicines, to treat diverse ailments. The present study was focused on NMR, GC-MS and UPLC/ESI-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling of C. speciosus. This metabolic study resulted in the identification of 91 and quantification of 69 metabolites. Caffeic acid derivatives previously unreported in C. speciosus were also identified. High quantity of steroidal saponins namely methyl protogracillin (297.97 ± 0.07 mg/g dried wt.) and dioscin (158.72 ± 0.27 mg/g dried wt.) were observed in butanol fraction of rhizomes. Health care metabolites including caffeic acid (37.88 ± 0.04 mg/g dried wt.) and trehalose (75.12 ± 0.08 mg/g dried wt.) were also detected in ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of rhizomes, respectively. Metabolites of nutraceutical and biological significance including eremanthine (5.14 ± 0.68%, peak area), tocopherols (~22%), sterols (~25%) were also identified from hexane fractions of rhizomes and leaves using GC-MS. The analytical techniques used had successfully differentiated metabolites composition among leaves and rhizomes.